• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.20 no.2 s.91
• /
• pp.84-87
• /
• 2005

Toxicity test for biodiesel (BD), biodiesel-derived neopentyl polyol ester (NPE) lubricant oil base, lubricant oil for diesel engine oil (LODE) and petroleum diesel (PD) was carried out using earthworm, Eisenia fefida. According to the method by OECD 207, the $LC_{50}$ values of BD and NPE were estimated as 2,450 and 1,528 mg/kg, respectively, which indicate that these compounds are classified as slightly toxic compounds. The $LC_{50}$ values of LODE and PD were estimated as 500 and 603mg/kg, respectively, showing that theses compounds are evaluated as moderately toxic compounds.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.90
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 2005

Toxicity test for biodiesel (BD), biodiesel-derived neopentyl polyol ester (NPE) lubricant oil base, lubricant oil for diesel engine (LODE) and petroleum diesel (PD) was carried out using microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. According to the method of OECD 201, the $EC_{50}$ values of BD and NPE were estimated as 84 and 69 mg/L, respectively, which indicates that these compounds are classified as slightly toxic compounds. The $EC_{50}$ values of LODE and PD were measured as 42 and 24 mg/mL, respectively, showing that these compounds are considered as moderately toxic compounds.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.36 no.7
• /
• pp.745-752
• /
• 2012

Diesel engines are most suitable for biodiesel fuel because diesel fuel has a higher cetane number compared to gasoline and diesel engines have no spark ignition system; hence, engine conversion is easy and cost effective. For these reasons, in this study, the spray behavior characteristics of vegetable palm oil were analyzed by using a common-rail injection system of a commercial diesel engine, and the results were compared with those obtained for the diesel fuel. The injection pressures and blend ratios of palm oil and diesel fuel (BD3, BD5, BD20, BD30, BD50, and BD100) were the main parameters. The experiments were conducted for different injection pressures-500 bar, 1000 bar, 1500 bar, and 1600 bar-by setting the injection duration at $500{\mu}s$. We determined there is no significant difference in the macro characteristics of the spray behavior (spray penetration and spray angle) in response to any change in the blend ratio of palm oil and diesel fuel at a fixed injection pressure. In particular, all experiments showed a spray angle of approximately $15^{\circ}$.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2013

Hydrotreated biodiesel (HBD) would be one of the promising alternative fuels instead of current biodiesel. In this study, spray characteristics in terms of spray penetration and spray angle were conducted experimentally including calculated SMDs as well. The ambient pressures of 1, 3, and 5 MPa and injection pressures of 30, 80, and 130 MPa were introduced and the fuels employed were petro-diesel, and 2, 10, 20, 30, and 50% for hydrotreated biodiesel, respectively. The result of this study found that the more HBD blended diesels have the slightly shorter spray tip penetration lengths especially on the lowest injection pressure and at the highest ambient pressure, but have the larger spray angles and SMDs than petro-diesel. Consequently, this study found that HBD has a little bit merits and demerits of macro- and micro- spray patterns compared to petro-diesel.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.545-553
• /
• 2017

Microalgae can offer an attractive way of generating renewable and sustainable biodiesel. Biodiesel derived from microagae can have lower impact on the environment and food supply than biodiesel produced from crops. But biodiesel derived from microagae have poor fuel properties at low temperature depending on their species. In this study, it was investigated that fuel characteristics of biodiesel derived from Tetraselmis sp. and cold weather performance of biodiesel blend (BD3, 3 vol.% biodiesel - 97 vol.% diesel). The startability and operability of the passenger car in BD3 was good at $-20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2013

Biodiesel is technically competitive with it and offers technical advantages over conventional petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel is an environment friendly alternative liquid fuel that can be used in any diesel engine without modification. In this study, (dP/dCA)max and heat release, emission characteristics with different fuel injection timings are compared between diesel fuel and biodiesel in the D.I. diesel engine with T/C. The engine was operated at five different fuel injection timings from BTDC 6deg to 14deg at 2deg intervals and with four different loads at engine speed of 1800rpm. The experiments in a test engine showed that ranges between low and high of (dP/dCA)max got narrower, as the engine load increased, BD blend rate increased, and fuel injection timing was delayed. Cumulative heat release increased with the advanced fuel injection timing. NOX emissions decreased with the delays of fuel injection timing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2017

The interest in biodiesel is increasing rapidly. As a result, the price of vegetable oil that is used as a raw material for biodiesel is skyrocketing. Studies of biodiesel using animal waste as a means of solving these problems are underway. Biodiesel produced from animal fat contains considerably more saturated fatty acids than that produced from vegetable oil. In addition, it has a high cetane number and a high heating value. On the other hand, the fluidity decreases at lower temperatures because of the large amount of saturated fatty acids. For the biodiesel production, waste chicken oil and soybean oil were first purified. The raw materials were mixed at various ratios from 1:9 to 9:1. The methanol / oil molar ratio was also changed from 7 mol to 15 mol. The entire reaction time was one hour. The results showed that the optimal mixing ratio of soybean oil to waste chicken oil was 3:7, and the optimal methanol / oil molar ratio was 13. Moreover, the BD yield was 90.2%, the FAME content was 96.6%, and the LAME content was 4.1%. This result satisfied the Korea Industrial Standard (KSM2413).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.232-240
• /
• 2012

Bio-diesel (BD) is the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks like vegetable oils or animal fats. Bio-diesel shows poorer fuel properties than that of diesel fuel in a cold condition. For the diesel fuel, many cold flow improvers have been developed; however, since primary ingredients of bio-diesel are different from those of the diesel fuel, there is a limit to the cold flow improvement when the same cold flow improvers are added to bio diesel. In this study, to improve low temperature properties of bio-diesel, we developed a cold flow improver using an alkyl methacrylate monomer, prepared via ester reaction, and maleic anhydride and also conducted a ring opening reaction using amine. We characterized the products using $^1H-NMR$, FT-IR and GPC methods. In addition, the cold flow improvements of the products in Soybean BD and Palm BD in the concentration rage of 1000~10000 ppm were investigated. It was found that the addition of LMA2SMA6MA2-C8A in Soybean BD improved the pour point by $12.5\;^{\circ}C$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 2011

This study describes the effect of EGR rate on the combustion and emissions characteristics of a four cylinder CRDI diesel engine using biodiesel (soybean oil) blended diesel fuel. The test fuel is composed of 30% biodiesel and 70% ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) by volumetric ratio. The experiment of engine emissions and performance characteristics were performed under the various EGR rates. The experimental results showed that ignition delay was extended, the maximum combustion pressure and heat release gradually were decreased with increasing EGR rate. Comparing biodiesel blended fuel to ULSD, the injection quantity of biodiesel blended fuel was further increased than ULSD. The emission results showed that $NO_x$ emission of biodiesel blended fuel becomes higher according to the increase of EGR rate. However, in the case of biodiesel blended fuel, HC, CO and soot emissions were decreased compared to ULSD.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.199.2-199.2
• /
• 2010

Biodiesels are well-known as alternative fuels. also we know that biodiesels increase NOx and reduce PM(Particulate Matter) by previous many studies. But PM in most these studies was considered about the mass. In this study, We have performed experimental test for PM and exhaust emission by mixed ratio of biodiesel in heavy duty diesel engine. PM was investigated by The nano particle number and the mass. The mass of PM was evaluated by using the standard gravimetric method, The number of PM was evaluated by using the EEPS(Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer), on the ESC(European Steady Cycle) mode. Sampled gas through dilutor was directly extracted from tail pipe and EEPS measured diluted exhaust gas. Biodiesel is made up of used cooking oil. Diesel as base fuel was sold on market and contains 2% biodiesel. The mass of PM was reduced 10% and the nano particle number was increased 5%. The particle number less than 40nm was increased, but the particle number more than 40nm is decreased.