• BMB Reports
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2009

We investigate the correlation between the glycosylation modified prion proteins and apoptosis. The wild-type PRNP gene and four PRNP gene glycosylated mutants were transiently expressed in HeLa cells. The effect of apoptosis induced by PrP mutants was confirmed by MTT assay, Hochest staining, Annexin-V staining and PI staining. ROS test detected ROS generation within the cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by the flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bcl-xL, Bax, cleaved Caspase-9 proteins were analyzed by Western Blot. The results indicated that the expressed non-glycosylated PrP in HeLa cells obviously induced apoptosis, inhibited the growth of cells and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, and more ROS generation and low levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-xL, the activated the cleaved Caspase-9 proteins were found. The apoptosis induced by non-glycosylated PrP demonstrates that its underlying mechanism correlates with the mitochondria-mediated signal transduction pathway.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.358-361
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• 2006

A two-step plasma-assisted boronizing process was carried out on the AISI 1045 steel substrate to reduce the pore density introduced by a conventional single plasma boronizing process. The specimens were plasma boronized for 1 h at $650^{\circ}C$ and subsequently far 7 h at $800^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of $BCl_3-H_2-Ar$. The boride layer thickness was parabolic in boronizing time, a high HV reading of 1540 was found up to the boride layer thickness of $25{\mu}m$. It was found that the morphology of the boride layer prepared by the two-step boronizing process was changed from a columnar to a tooth-like structure and the pores in the borided steel were eliminated completely in comparison to those synthesized by the conventional single boronizing process, implying that it is highly applicable for enhancing the dense and compact coating properties of the low-alloy steel.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2016

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effects of Ukgansan pharmacopuncture(U-PA) of focal brain ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) in rats. Methods : The subjects were divided into 5 groups : A control group, acupuncture group, pharmacopuncture group U-PA1($2.571mg/250g/40{\mu}{\ell}$), pharmacopuncture group U-PA2($6.428mg/250g/40{\mu}{\ell}$), and pharmacopuncture group U-PA3($12.855mg/250g/40{\mu}{\ell}$). The focal brain ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into the middle cerebral artery. After 3 days of MCAO, Ukgansan(UGS) pharmacopuncture treatment was performed on the GB20, and the day after being treated with pharmacopuncture, the Morris water maze test was carried out by the assigned group. The series of processes were treated 6 times. Thereafter Bax, Bcl-2, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, mGluR5, density of neuronal cell, and ChAT were measured. Results : The results were as follows. 1. The intensity of Bax significantly decreased in the U-PA1, U-PA2, U-PA3 groups. 2. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio significantly decreased in the U-PA3 group compared with the control group. 3. The neuroprotective effect on the hippocampal CA1 significantly increased in the U-PA1, U-PA2, U-PA3 groups compared with the control group. 4. The density of ChAT in the hippocampal CA1 significantly increased in the U-PA1, U-PA2, U-PA3 groups compared with the control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that UGS pharmacopuncture may have anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects on focal cerebral ischemia caused by intraluminal filament insertion into the middle cerebral artery in rats.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.13-32
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to elucidate the effects of Danchisoyo-san (DS) on cell damage and gene expression in UVB-exposed dermal fibroblast. Methods: To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of DS on aging of the skin, we used human dermal fibroblast(F6) and UVB light(30 mJ/$cm^2$) was used to damage to dermal fibroblast. We measured the nitrite production, LDH release, and gene expression in UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblast to elucidate the actionmechanism of DS. Also, we evaluated the amount of increased PICP, TIMP-1 in dermal fibroblast. PICP, TIMP-1 concentration was measured using EIA kit, and gene expression (MMP-1, procollagen, c-fos, c-jun, NF-kB, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, iNOS) were determined using real-time PCR. Results: 1. DS inhibited LDH-release, nitrite production in UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblast. 2. DS suppressed the gene expression of MMP-1 in UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblast. 3. DS increased the gene expression of procollagen in UVB-iradiated dermal fibroblast. 4. DS suppressed the gene expression of c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB, iNOS in UVBirradiated dermal fibroblast. 5. DS increased the gene expression of Bcl-2 in UVB-iradiated dermal fibroblast. 6. DS increased the cell proliferation of dermal fibroblast. Conclusions: From the results, we concluded DS increases the cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblast. So we suggest that DS has the antiwrinkle effects.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전자세라믹스 센서 및 박막재료 반도체재료 일렉트렛트 및 응용기술
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• pp.56-59
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• 2000

In this study, Ferroelectric $Pb(Zr_x,Ti_{1-x})O_3$(x=0.53) thin films were fabricated by the spin-coating on the Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si substrate using the PZT metal alkoxide solutions with various excess Pb contents. Etching of PZT film was performed using planar inductively coupled Ar(20)$/Cl_2/BCl_3$ plasma. The etch rate of PZT film was 2450 ${\AA}/min$ at Ar(20)$/BCl_3$(80) gas mixing ratio and substrate temperature of $80^{\circ}C$. The leakage current densities of before etching and after etching PZT thin film were $6.25\times10^{-8}A/cm^2$, $8.74\times10^{-7}A/cm^2$ with electric field of 0.07MV/em, respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.709-714
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• 2005

Alteration of molecular markers related to apoptosis of in vivo normal system and in vitro cancerous system by soy-isoflavonoid with estrogen was investigated. Down-regulation of Bcl-2 was accompanied by decreased expression of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in mature female rats treated with soy-isoflavonoid and estrogen. In ovariectomized rat system, Bax was regulated by higher concentration of soy treatment. Bax up-regulation by soy-isoflavonoid genistein treatment was observed in MCF-7 mammary cancer cell system. Estrogen without soy induced similar pattern of Bax expression as soy-isoflavonoid in vivo, but exhibited opposite trend in vitro. These findings suggest soy-isoflavonoid may have potential to induce apoptosis at higher concentrations through up-regulation of Bax or down-regulation of Bcl-2 expressions depending on normal or cancerous state, and physiological status of rats.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.231-234
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• 2021

We report a rare case of metachronous lymphoma with two distinct cell lineages in a 75-year-old man. The patient complained about having nasal obstruction for 2 years and extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal type was diagnosed from a biopsy. The immunohistochemical staining for CD56 and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA (EBER-ISH) were positive and the tumor cells were negative for CD20. After 13 months of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the patient presented with swelling of the left testis. Positron emission tomography scan detected an abnormal uptake in the testis. A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, was diagnosed from subsequent radical orchiectomy. The immunohistochemical staining revealed to be positive for CD20, BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and negative for CD10 and EBER-ISH.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2017

DSS로 대장염을 유도한 C57BL/6 마우스에게 잡곡(보리, 수수, 기장)과 죽염, 종균(AB, ABL)을 접종한 메주로 만든 고추장을 섭취시켰다. MG-AB와 MG-ABL을 섭취한 마우스는 control에 비교해 대장의 길이를 증가시키고, 무게/길이비율은 감소시켜 대장염의 염증반응을 억제시켰다. MG-ABL은 혈청에서 IL-6의 발현을 control과 MG-AB군에 비해 유의적으로 감소시켰고, apoptosis 관련 인자인 Bax와 Bcl-2의 발현을 조절하여 apoptosis를 유도하였다. 따라서 MG-ABL은 발효 시 첨가된 Lab. plantarum로 인해 대장조직의 손상을 억제하고 전염증성 사이토카인과 apoptosis 관련 인자를 조절하여 대장염을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2008

목적: 여러 암 치료의 보조 및 대체요법으로서 겨우살이 추출물은 주로 유럽지역에서 이십세기 초부터 널리 사용되었고 현재 국내에서도 항암 대체 치료제로 점차 사용하는 추세이나 그 항암 기전은 아직 명확하게 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 겨우살이 추출물이 위암에 미치는 영향을 세포주 실험을 통해 규명하였다. 대상 및 방법: 위암 세포주는 SNU-719 세포주를 사용하였고 처리한 겨우살이 추출물은 (주)한국 아브노바사로부터 제공받은 ABNOBAviscum-Q와 ABNOBAviscum-F 두 가지를 사용하였다. 겨우살이 추출물과 함께 처리한 항암제는 5-FU와 Cisplatin을 사용하였다. CCK-8 assay kit를 사용하여 세포 생존율을 측정하였고 젖산탈수소효소(LDH) assay kit로써 세포 사멸률을 측정하였다. Caspase 3 assay kit를 이용하여 세포자멸사에 관여하는 caspase 3의 활성 변화를 알아보았고 Western blot analysis를 통해 세포자멸사에 관여하는 Bcl2와 p53, 그리고 항암 작용을 하는 PTEN의 단백질 발현량을 측정하였다. 결과: 겨우살이 추출물 Q와 F를 각각 단독 처리한 실험군 보다 항암제인 5-FU와 cisplatin을 병합처리 하였을 때 세포생존율은 더 낮아졌다. Caspase 3의 활성은 겨우살이 추출물 및 항암제 5-FU 처리를 함으로써 대조군에 비해 4~6배 까지 증가하였다. Bcl2의 단백질 발현량은 대조군보다 겨우살이 추출물과 항암제 처리를 통해 감소하였고 두 약물을 함께 처리하였을 경우 더 낮아졌다. p53의 발현은 겨우살이 추출물 처리에는 영향을 받지 않았고 항암제 처리를 통해서만 증가되었다. 또한 항암 작용을 하는 PTEN의 단백질 발현 정도는 겨우살이 추출물 처리를 통해서 의미 있는 변화가 없었다. 결론: 겨우살이 추출물과 항암제인 5-FU 및 cisplatin 등을 병합 처리 할 경우 위암 세포 사멸에 있어 상승효과를 보였다. 본 연구결과에서 겨우살이 추출물의 항암효과는 caspase 3의 활성화와 Bcl2 발현의 감소를 통해 세포자멸사를 유발하며 이 세포자멸사 유도 기전은 p53과는 상관없음(p53-independent)을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2003

Objectives: Bok, Bcl-2-related ovarian killer, is a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein identified in the ovary based on its dimerization with the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. The present study examined the hormonal regulation and localization of Bok messenger RNA levels in the mouse ovary during the follicle development. Methods: The animals were implanted subcutaneously with Silastic brand capsules containing the synthetic estrogen, DES at $21{\sim}23$ days of age. Ovaries were collected $1{\sim}3$ days after implantation for RNA analysis and in situ hybridization. Some mice were removed capsule for $1{\sim}2$ days to induce ovarian follicle apoptosis. Ovaries were also collected from 26 day-old immature mice at various times after treatment with 10 IU PMSG. Some mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 IU hCG to induce ovulation, and ovaries were obtained at different time intervals for Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis, respectively. Results: Treatment of immature mice with diethylstilbestrol (DES) for $24{\sim}48$ h increased ovarian Bok mRNA levels. Bok mRNA was remained the same levels in mice removed DES for $24{\sim}48$ h to induce apoptosis. High signals of Bok mRNA after DES treatment were detected in granulosa cells of early antral follicles. Treatment of immature mice with PMSG for 12 h increased markedly ovarian Bok mRNA expression which was detected mainly in preantral and atretic follicles. Interestingly, low levels of Bok mRNA were also expressed in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. Treatment of PMSGprimed mice with hCG stimulated strongly ovarian Bok mRNA expression at $6{\sim}9$ h. At that time, Bok mRNA was expressed in granulosa cells of atretic and small growing follicles. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Bok is one of proapoptotic Bcl-2 members expressed in early growing and atretic follicles during the ovarian follicular development. Gonadotropins induce a transient increase of Bok gene expression in granulosa cells of preantral and preovulatory follicles indicating some role in the ovulatory process.