• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a behavioral cue checklist (BCC) containing 17 items developed by Wilkes et al. (2010) for identifying potentially violent patients in emergency departments. Methods: This was a prospective observational study to evaluate the usefulness of the Korean version of a BCC (K-BCC) as an assessment tool for predicting patient violence in emergency departments, and was conducted over 4 weeks in a regional emergency medical center located in B City. A total of 1,324 patients were finally analyzed. Results: Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether each item of the K-BCC predicts violence, and a parsimonious set of 8 statistically significant items was selected for the tool. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the BCC showed that the area under the curve was .97 (95% confidence interval: .94~1.0). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value at the cut-off score of 2 were 75.6%, 98.9%, 68.2%, and 99.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The K-BCC was found to be useful in predicting patient violence toward emergency department staff. This tool is simple, and fast to use and can play a significantly role identifying potentially violent patients. Owing to this advance identification, this tool can be helpful in preventing the potential for violence from manifesting as violent behaviors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1379-1383
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• 2016

Background: Basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC) are the most common skin cancers worldwide and distinction between the two may sometimes be very difficult in routine histopathology. The present study was aimed to evaluate a reliable diagnostic method for these cancers based on immunohistochemistry (IHC). Materials and Methods: IHC was used with antibodies to Bcl-2, CD10, CEA, and EMA biomarkers, which despite non-specificity are easily available for detection of various types of tumors in pathology sections and can be used as a panel for differentiation. In this descriptive and analytic study, paraffin-embedded blocks of 29 SCC patients and 29 BCC patients were collected and sectioned for IHC staining. The results were analyzed by the STATA (version 8) statistical package using the Chi-square test. Results: BCC patients were 100%, 75.8%, 0% and 0% positive for Bcl-2, CD10, CEA and EMA markers, respectively, and for SCC patients were 3.5%, 0%, 34.5% and 82.7% positive, respectively. Using simultaneously Bcl-2 and CD10 as positive markers, detection of BCC with 88% accuracy and 100% specificity was possible, while application of CEA and EMA positivity could detect SCC with 67% accuracy and 100% specificity. Conclusions: SCC and BCC have different immunostaining profiles; therefore, Bcl-2, CD10, CEA and EMA markers can be helpful to distinguish between them.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6239-6244
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• 2012

Background: The basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSK). BCC might develop because of the faulty cell cycle arrest. $p15^{INK4b}$ is a tumor suppressor gene, involved in cell cycle arrest and inactivated in most human cancers. The role of $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression in the genesis of BCC is as yet unknown. In a previous study we showed the absence of $p15^{INK4b}$ expression in the majority of tissue microarray cores of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs), another type of non-melanoma skin cancer, indicating that $p15^{INK4b}$ could possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous SCC. The aim of this study was to investigate $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression in BCCs. Materials and Method: Protein expression of $p15^{INK4b}$ in 35 cases of BCC tissue arrays and 19 cases of normal human skin tissue was studied using an immunohistochemical approach. Results: The expression of $p15^{INK4b}$ was not significantly different in the BCC cases as compared with normal human skin (p=0.356; p>0.05). In addition, there were no significant relationship between clinicopathologic variables of patients (age and sex) and $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression. Conclusions: Our finding may indicate that $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression does not play a role in the genesis of BCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7443-7447
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• 2014

Aim: Little is known about the genetic associations with Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) risk in non-Caucasian populations, in which BCC is rare, as in Korea. We here conducted a pilot genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 12 patients and 48 standard controls. Method: A total of 263,511 SNPs were analyzed with the Illumina HumanOmni1 Quad v1.0 DNA Analysis BeadChip for cases and Korean HapMap 570K for controls. Results: SNP-based analyses, based on the allele genetic model with adjustment for sex and age showed suggestive associations with BCC risk for 6 SNPs with a P-value (P < 0.0005). However, these associations were not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction: rs1040503, rs2216491, rs13407683, rs4751072, rs9891263, and rs1368474. In addition, results from gene-based analyses showed suggestive associations with BCC risk for 33 candidate genes with a P-value (P <0.0005). Consistent with previous GWAS and replication studies in Caucasian populations, PADI6, RHOU and SLC45A2 were identified as having null associations with BCC (P > 0.05), likely due to the smaller sample size. Conclusions: Although this was a small-scale negative study, to our knowledge, we have conducted the first GWAS for BCC risk in an Asian population. Further large studies in non-Caucasian populations are required to achieve statistical significance and confirm these findings.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.135-148
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• 2017

This study fist raises the following research question. How does the port congestion affect port operational efficiency? To answer the question, this study adopts slacks based measure data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model to analyze the efficiency of port considering the congestion. As a result of the DEA-CCR(Chanres, Cooper and Rhodes) model, both Busan(2011) and Ulsan(2011) are the most efficient decision making units(DMUs). As a result of the DEA-BCC(Banker, Chanrnes, and Cooper) model, Busan(2011), Ulsan(2011), Ulsan(2012), Busan(2012), and Yeosu Gwangyang(2012) are the most efficient DMUs. As a result of SBM-DEA model, Ulsan(2012), Busan(2011), Busan(2012), Incheon(2011), and Ulsan(2011) are the most efficient DMUs considering the port congestion. The result of DEA-CCR BCC model is not identical with the result of SBM-DEA model analysis. It means the port congestion does less affect the port operational efficiency. Should the number of the vessels with the port congestion minimize, Incheon and Yeosu Gwangyang port could save lots of the port congestion cost for a total of three years.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

This study discusses an equity analysis performed to supplement the existing bus service evaluation system. The equity of 179 feeder bus routes in the city of Seoul(Year 2009) is analyzed by employing the modified BCC model along with the desirable inputs such as a number of bus stops and a frequency of operations. In the analysis, each DMU (Decision Making Unit) is assumed to use the desirable inputs, and produces both the index of equity and the index of accessibility. We apply an input-oriented modified BCC model to analyze the equity of the DMUs. The computational result indicates that only 9% of the feeder bus routes are equitable among the total DMUs and the average equity estimate is 0.702. It is also suggested that on average approximately 60% increases of desirable inputs (i.e., a number of bus stops and a frequency of operations) are needed in order to improve equity of DMU in the city of Seoul. The result of the tobit regression analysis on the determinant factors affecting the equity of DMUs shows that all the independent variables (i.e., a number of bus stops and a frequency of operations) are statistically significant at 5% significance level, and the number of bus stops is found to be the most influential factor.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.366-375
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• 2013

Recently, management of Newspaper developmet of the internet news, broadcasting and free newspapers escalated competition between newspaper companies and other media companies as well as competition among newapaper companies. This paper analyzes the efficiency of Korean Newapaper using DEA model. We evaluate the CCR-O, BCC-O efficiency, SE and RTS of 30 Newspaper. We also suggest the Newpaper which can be benchmarked based on analyzed information. The result shows that ten Nespaper whose values of CCR-O efficiency are 1, and Fourteen Nespaper whose values of BCC efficiency are 1. RTS indicates IRS of 1 firms, DRS of 16 firms and CRS of 13 firms. To variables on the effectiveness of newspaper publishing companies for the understanding and performance analysis.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 2015

This study selected container terminals of Gwangyang and Busan Ports to evaluate the influence of efficient container terminals. For the study, after data envelopment analysis (DEA) using the CCR and BCC models, the decision-making unit (DMU) system was used to define nodes; and with the use of a reference group in DEA (BCC model) and a lambda value, this study created a social network and analyzed the influences of efficient DMUs through a centrality analysis of eigenvectors. The results are presented as follows: First, as a result of the DEA, CCR efficiencies in PNC, HJNC, and HPNT container terminals of Busan Port were 1 and BCC efficiencies at Singamman Terminal, Wooam Terminal, PNC, HJNC, HPNT, and BNCT container terminals of Busan Port were 1. Second, as a result of undertaking social network analysis (SNA), according to an eigenvector centrality analysis, HJNC Terminal was referred to the most (influence score of 0.515), which indicates that it is the most influential as a container terminal. The influence of PNC Terminal was 0.512, while that of Wooam Terminal was 0.379. CJ Korea Express in Gwangyang Port was ranked fourth in influence, but its influence score of 0.256 indicates that it was the most influential of the container terminals at Gwangyang Port.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1495-1505
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• 2019

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is capable of remaining viable in low-nutrient environments and harsh conditions, posing a contamination risk in non-sterile pharmaceutical products as well as a challenge for detection. To develop optimal recovery methods to detect BCC, three oligotrophic media were evaluated and compared with nutrient media for the recovery of BCC from autoclaved distilled water or antiseptic solutions. Serial dilutions ($10^{-1}$ to $10^{-12}CFU/ml$) of 20 BCC strains were inoculated into autoclaved distilled water and stored at $6^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$ for 42 days. Six suspensions of Burkholderia cenocepacia were used to inoculate aqueous solutions containing $5{\mu}g/ml$ and $50{\mu}g/ml$ chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and $10{\mu}g/ml$ benzalkonium chloride (BZK), and stored at $23^{\circ}C$ for a further 199 days. Nutrient media such as Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) or Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), oligotrophic media (1/10 strength TSA or TSB, Reasoner's $2^{nd}$ Agar [R2A] or Reasoner's $2^{nd}$ Broth [R2AB], and 1/3 strength R2A or R2AB) were compared by inoculating these media with BCC from autoclaved distilled water and from antiseptic samples. The recovery of BCC in water or antiseptics was higher in culture broth than on solid media. Oligotrophic medium showed a higher recovery efficiency than TSA or TSB for the detection of 20 BCC samples. Results from multiple comparisons allowed us to directly identify significant differences between TSA or TSB and oligotrophic media. An oligotrophic medium pre-enrichment resuscitation step is offered for the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) proposed compendial test method for BCC detection.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.31-43
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• 2017

This study was aimed at analyzing the operational efficiency of DPAs(the delivery and pickup agents), which serve as sub-terminals in parcel delivery services, using CCR/BCC models in DEA. The input variables included the number of employees, and the amount of equipment and the operating expenses. The output variable was revenue value. The efficiency for the period from 2014 to 2016 was analyzed. The results revealed that the operational efficiency improved in 2016, compared with 2014, in both CCR and BCC models. According to the benchmarking analysis, DMU 1 and DMU 7 showed higher efficiency in 2016. The inefficiency analysis based on the BCC model showed increased efficiency of all factors in 2016 when compared with 2014. The Malmquist productivity index (MPI) dropped slightly as a result of technical changes and indicated a declining technical efficiency in all DMUs. This study suggests the need for government-led systematic improvement and support for DPAs by providing current insight into the parcel delivery industry and analyzing DPAs' operational efficiency in Korea for the first time. This research performed efficiency analysis of DPAs located in new town of paju and gimpo cities. In future research, comparative study on efficiency analysis including new town, old town area, and other cities are needed.