• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.96-102
• /
• 2006

Trimethylamine (TMA) is one of the difficult odorous compounds for the collection and analysis. Although sulfuric acid absorption and/or sulfuric acid impregnated filter method are commonly recommended for its sampling, these methods also suffer from difficulties involved in sample treatment and operational procedures. Hence, as an ancillary approach to measure TMA, we investigated the combination of bag sampling and SPME analysis for TMA measurements. For the purpose of our study, we investigated the following three subjects: 1) temporal variability of standard storage, 2) bag loss effect of TMS, and 3) TMA loss due to repetitive analysis of an identical bag sample. According to our storage test up to 7 or 20 dyas, TMA loss were found to occur up to 40 to 50% within relatively short period of up to 48 hrs depending on its concentration ranges. When the tests were made for bag loss by transferring TMA standards across different size bags, we were able to find that the extent of bag loss are not significant with 5 to 20% loss rate. Finally, the TMA sorptive loss via its exposure to SPME fiber was generally estimated to run from 2 to 3%.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.149-170
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to link the Yi tribe's traditional patterns to bag design. Yi tribe is a minor ethic group in China, whose traditional pattern has a high artistic value in that its shapes are diverse and each one has peculiar elegance. Traditional patterns are also indicative of spiritual dept or symbolic stories, rather than being indicative of simple formative beauty. Thus, reorganizing these patterns and applying them artistically to design- in terms of resource utilization- would be significant. Out of all of the Yi tribe's traditional patterns, the cherry blossom_(马樱花), water wave_(水波), sky father and earth mother_(天父地母), pomegranate blossom, triangle, sheep' horn, wisteria vine_(藤条), square and diaper_(四角菱形) and the zigzag_(曲折) patterns were chosen for use during the development of a bag design. This study is based upon document study, including research papers and internet web sites, the point of which was to investigate the form of the traditional patterns, and the creative design process. The design procedure includes these sub-processes: selection, arrangement and color-scheme. In the selection process, the form of the pattern was edited using Adobe Photoshop. The pattern was freely arranged to reflect various emotions. In terms of the color-scheme of the patterns, the colors used by Henri Matisse(1869-1954) in his work were selected and adapted when dyeing the patterns. Subsequently, the final design resulting from these design development processes was applied to the actual production of the bag by using canvas fabric and leather, after which the bag image was proposed using computer simulation. In conclusion, six bag designs were created using traditional patterns from the Yi tribe. Through the processes explained above, this study confirmed that traditional patterns could be widely applied as design motifs and that more sophisticated, modern, and creative designs could be developed based on traditional patterns.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to measure the oral temperature, skin temperature, and subjective discomfort according to the application time of ice bag on thigh, head, and abdomen. This study was also intended to suggest nursing principles about ice bag application by exploring the recovery time of skin temperature after the removal of ice bag. The design of this study was $8{\times}3$ factorial design with one sample repeated measure. Here, the application time of ice bag(criteria, 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min, 60min) and the application site of ice bag(thigh, head, abdomen) were independent variables. The subjects were 10 university woman students, and data collection was made from July, 1 to August 30, 1992. Rubber ice bag halfly filled with ice was covered with towel and applied on thigh, head and abdomen in other three days. Before applying the ice bag, oral temperature and skin temperature were checked for criteria. After ice bag was applied, skin temperature, oral temperature and VAS score were checked at first 5 minutes elapsed, and every 10 minutes until 60 minutes. After that, ice bag was removed, and oral temperature and skin temperature were also measured every ten minutes until 60 minutes. In this study, skin temperature and core temperature were measured by thermistor probe, and subjective discomfort was measured by 200mm VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Some of the findings were as follows : 1. There were significant differences in skin temperature among the three application sites of ice bag as time go by. It was most decreased to $15.87^{\circ}C$ in thigh, and $19.47^{\circ}C$ in abdomen at 50 minutes after the application of ice bag, whereas $26.1^{\circ}C$ at 40 minutes in head. Before the application of ice bag, skin temperature showed significant differences in three sites, so that they were compared after the criteria was covariated. In other words, there was significantly more decrease of skin temperature in thigh and abdomen than head, after ice bag was applied for 20 minutes and more. 2. There was no significant difference in core temperature among the three application sites of ice bag during the time of application 3. There was no significant difference in subjective discomfort (VAS) among the three application sites of ice bag. 4. After the removal of ice bag, the recovery of skin temperature was significantly different in three sites during first 30 minutes. In head, skin temperature came up to criteria at 30 minutes after the removal of ice bag, but it was not recovered In thigh and abdomen even 60 minutes elapsed. 5. After the removal of ice bag, there was no significant difference in oral temperature among the three application sites of ice bag. 6. There was significant correlation between the skin temperature and VAS score only in thigh. In conclusion, it is suggested that head in more suitable site for the application of ice bag if it is used for the relief of fever or pain. When we apply ice bag on thigh or abdomen for the relief of pain, careful attention is required.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.32 no.11
• /
• pp.801-809
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to predict the reflection distance following to the pulsing pressure, total air supplying, filter bag size using numercial analysis techniques and use it as an efficient operation condition and economic data for off-line type pulse air jet bag filter. In this research, filtration area 6 m² condition, calculate filter resistance coefficient for simulation through the main experiments using coke dust. Ansys fluent V19.0 apply to CFD simulation, and analysis pulsing characteristics about pulsing pressure, filtration velocity and nozzle diameter. The maximum reflecting distance of off-line type pulse air jet bag filter is 1,000 mm regardless of total air supplying at over the 42 L/m² conditions, that indicates off-line type can extend filter bag length 1,000 mm than on-line type. In order to effective primary and secondary pulsing of off-line type pulse air jet bag filter, over the 5 bar of pulsing pressure and over the 42 L/m² of total air supplying are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.09b
• /
• pp.1054-1055
• /
• 2006

Bend tests were performed at temperatures between 77 and 473K for W-19vol%Cu, W-22vol%Ag and W-19vol%(BAg-8) composites. Yield and maximum strengths and ductility of the composite were discussed in terms of microstructure and fractography. Results are summarized as follows. (1) Almost no difference was recognized in yield strength between the composites. In contrast, a large difference was recognized in maximum strength and ductility between the composites. (2) Inferior mechanical properties of W-Ag composite to W-Cu composite are attributed to heterogeneous distribution of Ag-phases, whilst inferior mechanical properties of W-(BAg-8) composite to W-Cu composite are attributed to large pores at grain boundaries.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2010

Previously we showed that CHIP, a co-chaperone of Hsp70 and E3 ubiquitin ligase, can promote the degradation of mutant SOD1 linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) via a mechanism not involving SOD1 ubiquitylation. Here we present evidence that CHIP functions in the interaction of mutant SOD1 with 26S proteasomes. Bag-1, a coupling factor between molecular chaperones and the proteasomes, formed a complex with SOD1 in an hsp70-dependent manner but had no direct effect on the degradation of mutant SOD1. Instead, Bag-1 stimulated interaction between CHIP and the proteasome-associated protein VCP (p97), which do not associate normally. Over-expressed CHIP interfered with the association between mutant SOD1 and VCP. Conversely, the binding of CHIP to mutant SOD1 was inhibited by VCP, implying that the chaperone complex and proteolytic machinery are competing for the common substrates. Finally we observed that mutant SOD1 strongly associated with the 19S complex of proteasomes and CHIP over-expression specifically reduced the interaction between S6/S6' ATPase subunits and mutant SOD1. These results suggest that CHIP, together with ubiquitin-binding proteins such as Bag-1 and VCP, promotes the degradation of mutant SOD1 by facilitating its translocation from ATPase subunits of 19S complex to the 20S core particle.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.271-277
• /
• 2010

Intravenous(IV) drip therapy is extensively used for all kinds of treatments. It works by delivering medicine directly into the vein. When the medicine has been fully dispensed, a dangerous situation occurs since air in the IV drip bag could enter the patient's vein, which is hazardous to the patient’s safety. In this paper, using capacitive sensors to detect the residual quantity of a plastic IV drip pack is proposed. A simulation model of this technology was shown by a finite elements analysis(FEA) program to find out its feasibility and analyze the proper geometrical dimension of a capacitive sensor. According to the FEA simulation, 3 kinds of capacitive sensors were attached to the bottom surface of the plastic IV drip bag to detect the residual quantity in the experiment. Experimental data showed an agreement with the FEA simulation model estimation and confirmed that the sensor works.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 1997

In order to hold the behavior of fish school to the set-net, a series of tag-recapture experiments were carried out in two fishing grounds of the middle sized set-nets which were located in 20m depth on the coast of Keojedo and Namhaedo in the Southern part of Korea from September to October in 1996. In the experiments, the leading ability of the leader and the fish court and the recapturing ability of the bag nets were checked out for the six species of fish in method of discharging the tagged fishes at side points of leader, and the middle points of the fish court and the bag nets in a hauling step, and recapturing them at the bag nets in the next hauling. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The ratio recaptured at the both side bag-nets in the next hauling after discharged from the fish court in the previous step was 20.3% in small size of mackerel Scomber japonicus, 16.2% in small size of horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus, 10.3% in black sea-bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii, 19.1% in red barracuda Syhyraena pinguis, 16.3% in halfbeak Hemiramphus sajori, 20.0% in gizzard shad Konosirus punctatus individually, and totally in six species of fish, that was 17.2%. 2. The ratio recaptured at the same bag net after discharged in the both side bag-nets was 21.7% in small size of mackerel, 21.5% in small size of horse mackerel, 6.7% in black sea-bream, 17.8% in red barracuda, 16.8 in half-beak, 19.1% in gizzard shad individually, and totally in six species of fish, that was 18.8%. 3. The leading ratio from side points of the leader departed from door in 25m to fish court was 58.9% in small size of mackerel, 74.6% in small size of horse mackerel, 38.0% in black sea-bream, 54.7% in red barracuda, 58.6% in half-beak, 54.5% in gizzard shad individually, and totally in six species of fish, that was 57.8%. So it was assumed that the leader of set-net was very effective in leading to the swimming direction of small size of mackerel, small size of horse mackerel, red barracuda, half-beak and gizzard shad. 4. Red barracuda, half-beak and gizzard shad entered into bag net of upstream in large numbers than bag net of downstream, and small size of horse mackerel and black sea-bream entered into bag net of downstream in large numbers than bag net of upstream. 5. Small size of mackerel and small size of horse mackerel had high remaining rate in the bag net of downstream, and black sea-bream, red barracuda and half-beak had high remaining rate in the bag net of upstream.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2021

This study proposes the design and implementation of a low-cost emergency ventilator which can be helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic where the supply of automatic ventilators is not smooth compared with the urgent demand worldwide. Easy implementation and lower price were made possible by using AMBU-bag and off-the-shelf embedded micro-controller board. Moreover, while 3D printing is used by companies and experts around the world to build prototype hardware, materials which are readily available from surrounding environments so that people in countries where it is difficult to access many advanced technologies could manufacture the system. The design features AMBU-bag automation, not use 3D printing, and it can contrl speed. By allowing speed control, ventilation can be performed according to the conditions of the patient being used. A complementary point in the study is that it is difficult to fix the start point of the wiper motor used first. A method for complementing this is a method for replacing the brush DC motor with a position feedback function. Secondly, the AMBU-bag may wear out in the long-term process of compressing the AMBU-bag because the arm and the fixing frame are made of wood. To complement this, the part of fixing frame and arm parts that the AMBU-bag touches need to be wrapped in a material such as silicon to minimize friction.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of air bag deployment in passenger car head-on collisions on injuries to the driver. The drivers in head-on collisions who were brought to the emergency rooms of two hospitals from January 2011 and October 2014 were evaluated, as were the vehicles involved. The driver injury level were assessed by utilizing Collision Deformation Classification (CDC) codes, and the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS), respectively. In this study, it was shown that the chest ISS and AIS were significantly high when an air bag only is deployed. A statistically significant difference was found in the crush extent when the driver who fastened the seatbelt was found to be affected more than the ISS 9. Even when an air bag is deployed in a head-on car collision, injury severity can vary according to accident circumstances and crash severity. Accordingly, first aid can be rapidly given, and the injured person can be quickly referred to a hospital, only if the assessment of persons involved in a vehicle accident is accurately carried out.