• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 1992

Single crysals of BaTiO3 were grown by TSSG technique at various cooling rates. Morpolo girts, defects and domain structures of the grown crystals were investigated. At the cooling rates below 0.5℃/hr, equant single crystals were obtained and the 11111 faces were dominantly developed. If the cooling rate was much faster or if the vortical temperature gradient in the so lotion was very large, the solution became unstable and the needle formed BasTil04 o crystals were precipitated. Two sets of parallel lamella domains are arranged perpendicular to each other and the irregularly shaped boundaries are fixed between them. These sets of domains show remarkable orientation contrast in x-ray topography. Heating the crystal above 127℃, the phase transition from tetragonal to cubic occurs. The phase transition front (PTF) moves in the direction of temperature gradient. Domains in the tetragonal phase are successively rearranged and regular strain patterns appear in the cubic phase. The habit plane of PTF in BaTi03 is found to deviate from a l1101 lattice plane by app roximately 9°.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.435-448
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• 2018

In order to make reliable earthquake-resistant design of civil engineering structures, one of the most important considerations in a region with high seismicity is to pay attention to the local soil condition of regions. It is aimed in the current study at specifying dynamic soil characteristics of Kirikkale city center conducting the 1-D equivalent linear and non-linear site response analyses. Due to high vulnerability and seismicity of the city center of Kirikkale surrounded by active many faults, such as the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), the city of Kirikkale is classified as highly earthquake-prone city. The first effort to determine critical site response parameter is to perform the seismic hazard analyses of the region through the earthquake record catalogues. The moment magnitude of the city center is obtained as $M_w=7.0$ according to the recorded probability of exceedance of 10% in the last 50 years. Using the data from site tests, the 1-D equivalent linear (EL) and nonlinear site response analyses (NL) are performed with respect to the shear modulus reduction and damping ratio models proposed in literature. The important engineering parameters of the amplification ratio, predominant site period, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration values are predicted. Except for the periods between the period of T=0.2-1.0 s, the results from the NL are obtained to be similar to the EL results. Lower spectral acceleration values are estimated in the locations of the city where the higher amplification ratio is attained or vice-versa. Construction of high-rise buildings with modal periods higher than T=1.0 s are obtained to be suitable for the city of Kirikkale. The buildings at the city center are recommended to be assessed with street survey rapid structural evaluation methods so as to mitigate seismic damages. The obtained contour maps in this study are estimated to be effective for visually characterizing the city in terms of the considered parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.231-247
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• 1986

Age specific characteristics in Korean diet and their changes were analyzed with the demand model including the number of family members by age group as independent vasiables Urban household budget data, 773 household data in 1977 and 947 household data in 1983, was applied to the demand model. A series of F-test was carried out to set up the age groups by food item. The main results can be summarized as follows; 1. Food consumption patterns are remarkably different between 0-13 years old age generation and over 40 years old generation. The 0-13 years old generation reveals higher preference for milk, wheat product, fruit and milk and lower preference for rice and vegetable than any other age generation. This characteristics of the childhood diet has been formed In the generation born after 1970's and thus will be reserved as their generational characteristics. On the other hand, over 40 years old age group prefers rice and fish to fruit, milk and wheat product. Therefore we can conclude that over 40 years old age group maintains the traditional Korean diet pattern. 2. The preference for fish is low. in 20-30 years old age group than in any other age group and wheat product is Preferred highest in 6-13 years old age group of all age groups. Meanwhile the most remarkable change In food consumption pattern is shown in meats and vegetables. Namely in 30 40 years old age group the preference for meat has increased substantially and that vegetable has decreased to a great extent. 3. The declining per capita consumption of rice spreads like a wave to higher age. groups, but over 40 years old age group bas played an important role in reducing the decreasing rate of rice consumption. In order to restrain the declining rice consumption a special integrated food policy is required to induce rice consumption in less 30 years old generation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5163-5167
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• 2015

Background: Colon polyps need to be excised upon detection during colonoscopy due to the risk of malignancy irrespective of their size. In our study, we retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of polyps detected during colonoscopy. Materials and Methods: We assessed 379 patients with polyps detected during colonoscopy between January 2010 and May 2012. The demographics, complaints, colonoscopy findings (shape, place and size of the polyp) and histopathological findings were recorded. We carried out statistical analysis using PASW 18.0 for Windows. Results: There were 227 males (59.9%) and 152 females (40.1%) in the trial. The mean age was 53.8 years (32-90). The most common complaint was rectal bleeding (36.1%), followed by abdominal pain (35.4%). Polyps were detected most commonly in the rectosigmoid region (43.8%), followed by the descending colon (17.4%). Some 239 patients had a single polyp (63.1%) while 140 were found to have multiple polyps (36.9%). While tubular adenoma was the most common pathological type, occurring in 181 patients (47.8%), tubulovillous adenoma (14.2%) and hyperplastic polyp (12.7%) followed, occurring in 54 and 48 patients respectively. While 313 patients (82.6%) did not feature dysplasia, 37 patients (9.7%) exhibited low-grade dysplasia, 28 (7.7%) had high-grade dysplasia and 4 had cancer (1.1%). The rates of villous components and dysplasia were detected to be high among pedunculated polyps and polyps larger than 1 cm (p<0.001). Conclusions: Due to the fact that large-diameter polyps with malignant potential are commonly located in the left colon and have a high prevalence among the middle-aged individuals, it would be appropriate to screen this population at regular intervals via rectosigmoidoscopy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.615-618
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• 2007

It has able to express digital video/audio data from analog and to broadcast it via improvement of video/audio compression technology and publishing standard of MPEG-2 System. Nowaday many System Operators are provide regular digital broadcasting program to customer with their own access program. To provide access program, two process needs that are creating broadcasting information and remultiplexing it with video/audio data, and this solution is providing with high-cost system only. For this reason, digital access program bas week point to product. In this paper, we designed and implemented Generating PSIP Information System to product digital access program which generate PSIP information via receiving broadcasting information from user, and map PSIP information directly to video/audio data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1997

Continuous development of Personal Computer(PC) combined with the decrease of price and the expansion of operating system in PC like Windows 95, and Windows N/T makes it possible for the user to consider PC-bas-ed Automated Happing/Facilities Management (AM/FM) system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish a PC-based data automation system of pipe infrastructures-water, sewer, and drainage-and road in Korea Land Corporation. In order to achieve this goal, relevant literature survey was done first. Secondly, the study site was determined by discussion with Korea Land Institute. Thirdly, PC-based CAD software for AM/FM in the world market were surveyed, and AutoCAD Map was selected because KLC had been using hundreds of AutoCAD copies already. After that user needs assessment was done to visit on-site office, local branch office, and the corresponding city office for the system design and database design. After the graphic data were digitized and the attribute data were entered into the batabase, the data automation system was established, and tested for application. Finally, the guidelines and problems for PC-based data automation in AM/FM was discussed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.296-303
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• 2015

We investigate black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) wine made using traditional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae A8, B6, GBY2, GBY3) and S. cerevisiae Fermivin (FM), which is widely used in wine manufacturing, and analyze the biogenic amine content and the volatile flavor compounds. Black raspberries were separately inoculated with yeast up to $1{\times}10^9CFU/kg$, followed by incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. FM produced the highest alcohol content, however the final fermentation characteristics of the wine made using four different yeasts were similar. S. cerevisiae A8 had a large biogenic amine (BA) content, specifically tryptamine, thus we excluded this yeast from fermentation. S. cerevisiae GBY3 was selected for black raspberry wine fermentation as a result of sensory evaluation. The volatile flavor compounds of two wines (S. cerevisiae GBY3 and FM) were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 37 compounds in the samples were separated, and several ester compounds were identified in greater amounts in the wine made with S. cerevisiae GBY3 than in the wine made with FM. A greater amount of the major compound, ethyl benzoate, giving the sweet and fruity flavor, was identified in wine made with S. cerevisiae GBY3 than in the wine made with FM. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae GBY3 was confirmed to produce no major BAs and a better flavored wine. These results give new leads in the production of high quality wine.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.76-82
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• 1998

Increase of greenhouse gas due to $CO_2$ and CH$_4$ gases would cause the global warming in the atmosphere. According to the global circulation model, it is pointed out in the Okhotsk Sea that the large increase of atmospheric temperature might be occurredin this region by global warming due to the doubling of greenhouse effectgases. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the sea ice extents in the Okhotsk Sea. To improve the sea ice extents and concentration with more highly accuracy, the field experiments have begun to comparewith Airborne Microwave Radiometer (AMR) and video images installed on the aircraft (Beach-200). The sea ice concentration is generally proportional to the brightness temperature and accurate retrieval of sea ice concentration from the brightness temperature is important because of the sensitivity of multi-channel data with the amount of open water in the sea ice pack. During the field experiments of airborned AMR the multi-frequency data suggest that the sea ice concentration is slightly dependending on the sea ice types since the brightness temperature is different between the thin and small piece of sea ice floes, and a large ice flow with different surface signatures. On the basis of classification of two sea ice types, it is cleary distinguished between the thin ice and the large ice floe in the scatter plot of 36.5 and 89.0GHz, but it does not become to make clear of the scatter plot of 18.7 and 36.5GHz Two algorithms that have been used for deriving sea ice concentrations from airbomed multi-channel data are compared. One is the NASA Team Algorithm and the other is the Bootstrap Algorithm. Intrercomparison on both algorithms with the airborned data and sea ice concentration derived from video images bas shown that the Bootstrap Algorithm is more consistent with the binary maps of video images.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2002

Measuring magnetic fields with a SQUID sensor always requires preliminary adjustments such as optimum bas current determination and flux-locking point search. A conventional magnetoencephalography (MEG) system consists of several dozens of sensors and we should condition each sensor one by one for an experiment. This timeconsuming job is not only cumbersome but also impractical for the common use in hospital. We had developed a serial port communication protocol between SQUID sensor controllers and a personal computer in order to control the sensors. However, theserial-bus-based control is too slow for adjusting all the sensors with a sufficient accuracy in a reasonable time. In this work, we introduce programmatic control sequence that saves the number of the control pulse arrays. The sequence separates into two stages. The first stage is a function for searching flux-locking points of the sensors and the other stage is for determining the optimum bias current that operates a sensor in a minimum noise level Generally, the optimum bias current for a SQUID sensor depends on the manufactured structure, so that it will not easily change about. Therefore, we can reduce the time for the optimum bias current determination by using the saved values that have been measured once by the second stage sequence. Applying the first stage sequence to a practical use, it has taken about 2-3 minutes to perform the flux-locking for our 37-channel SQUID magnetometer system.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.529-536
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• 2002

The performance of stilting engine, in particular, its energy conversion efficiencies are critically influenced by the regenerator characteristics. The regenerator characteristics are influenced by effectiveness, void fraction. heat transfer loss and fluid friction loss in the regenerator matrix. These factors were influenced by the surface geometry and material properties of the regenerator matrix. The regenerator design goals arc good heat transfer and low pressure drop of working Bas across the regenerator. Various data for designing a wire screen matrix have been given by Kays and London(1984). The mesh number of their experiment. however, was confined below the No. 60. which seems rather small for the Stirling engine applications. In this paper. in order to provide a basic data for the design of regenerator matrix, characteristics of heat transfer and flow friction loss were investigated by a packed mettled of matrix in oscillating flow as the same condition of operation in a Stirling engine. Seven kinds of sing1e wire screen meshes were used as the regenerator matrices. The results are summarized as follows; 1. While the working fluid flew slowly in the regenerator. the temperature difference was great at the both hot-blow(the working fluid flows from healer to cooler) and cold-blow(the working fluid flows from cooler to healer). On the other hand. while the working fluid flew fast. the temperature difference was not distinguished. 2. The No.150 wire screen used as the regenerator matrix showed excellent performance than tile others. 3. Phase angle variation and filling rate affected heat transfer or regenerator matrices. 4. Temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the regenerator is very hish in degree of 120 phase angle.