• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.1 s.12
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• pp.37-51
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• 2004

Objective : Recently scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture has been a good effect on pain control but it has not been known about clinical safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate acute toxicity of scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture. Method : In order to prove the clinical safety of scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, We have observed a bacteriological examination and clinical pathology test after scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment. Balb/c mice were injected intravenous with Scolopendrid aquaacupuncture treatment for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. We analyzed physical reaction(side effect)and clinical pathology test before and after Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment of mice and 20 patients suffering from pain, who admitted department of Acupunture and Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Won-Kwang University Kwangju hospital. Results : In the Blood agar plate and Nutrient agar plate, a bacteriological examination did not show a bacillus. In acute $LD_{50}$ toxicity test, there was no mortality thus unable to attain the value. Examining the toxic response in the acute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication. In acute toxic test, running biochemical serum test couldn't yield any differences between the control and experiment groups. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, hematologic test did not show remarkable change. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, Liver function test(AST, ALT, ALP) showed a slight decrease on the contrary, and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 5.0% compared with previous study. Reanl function test(BUN, Cr) and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 5.0% compared with previous study. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, Electrolyte were normal range before and after treatment. In the Urine analysis of 20 patients, Leukocyte, Protein, Glucose, Keton, Bilirubin, U-bilinogen were not detected before and after Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment, and the rest almost made no difference.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.26-36
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• 2005

Objectives: Maier symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal obstructions, sneezing and watery rhinorrhea. When exposed to certain allergens, the IgE covered mast cells degranulate and release inflammatory mediators and cytokines which result in a local inflammatory reaction. In many recent studies, molecular biological methods have been used to investigate the role of cytokines in pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets of allergic rhinitis. This experimental study was done to reveal the effects of the Bojungikgi-tang on the allergic rhinitis. We have studied effect of mice on OVA-induced production of IL-4, IL-5, $INF-{\gamma}$ by murine splenocytes and effect of OVA-induced Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE Meterial and Metheds: 21 BALB/c rats were divided into three groups: normal group, control group, experimental group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and experimental group, rats were sentitized intraperitioneally with 0.1% ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 weeks. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1% ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days for a week. After that time, rats in experimental group were oral administration treated by the Bojuogikgi-tang fer 28 days. We observed changes of IL-4, IL-5, $INF-{\gamma}$, Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE. We used independent-test statistically. Results: 1. In IL-4 study, Bojungikgi-tang treated group didn't show significant differences. 2. In IL-5 study, Bojungikgi-tang treated group shows significant differences. 3. In $INF-{\gamma}$ study, Bojungikgi-tang treated group shows significant differences. 4. In Total IgE, Bojungikgi-tang treated group shows significant differences. 5. In OVA-specific IgE, Bojungikgi-tang treated group didn't show significant differences. According to this result, Bojungikgi-tang was concluded to be effective on lowering the total IgE. Through this. Bojungikgi tang seems to reduce the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. More studies are required to know exact mechanism of Bojungikgi tang to show the anti allergenic effect.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Purpose: The goal of cancer surgery is complete removal of cancer tissue and prevention of recurrence. Surgeons can change the surgical instruments after total resection of the cancer mass. The purpose of this procedure is to prevent dissemination of the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments. Authors hypothesize the possibility of local recurrence caused by the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments in the skin cancer cases. Methods: Skin cancers were induced by using DMBA-TPA two-stage carcinogenesis model in 10 of Balb/c mice. In 2-weeks, skin cancer was developed in all 10 mice. cancer cell attached surgical instruments were made by pinching the removed cancer tissue using Adson tissue forcep 10, 20, 30 times each. To count number of cancer cells in each forcep with different number of pinching was done, the forceps were washed in 30 mL of the normal saline and Cytospin preparation was done. To make recurrence models from cancer cell attached surgical instrument, three incisions were made in normal skin of each mouse, and local seeding was done by pinching subcutaneous tissue in 10, 20, 30 times each by using Adson teeth forceps mentioned above as cancer cell attached surgical instrument. Results: All skin cancers were squamous cell carcinoma. Local recurrences were developed in 7 mice (3 in 10 times forceping site, 2 in 20 times forceping and 3 in 30 times forceping). In the cytospin test, the mean number of squamous cells in 100 microscope was 28.6 in 10 times, 47.2 in 20 times, 93.6 in 30 times, respectively. P value was 0.002 in Wilcoxon-Sign test. Conclusion: The number of cell count was significantly increased as number of pinching was increased. And these cells are able to induce local recurrence by local seeding. Considering this result, authors are able to confirm that the minimal handling in cancer surgery is important factor to prevent local recurrence.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

Background: Cisplatin is one of the most extensively used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, including bladder, and ovarian cancers. However, it has been shown to induce nephrotoxicity, despite being an outstanding anti-cancer drug. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of dopaol ${\beta}$-D-glucoside (dopaol) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods and Results: To confirm the protective effect of dopaol on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, HK-2 cells were treated with $20{\mu}M$ cisplatin and $80{\mu}M$ dopaol. Cisplatin increased apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial dysfunction; however pretreatment with $80{\mu}M$ dopaol successfully attenuated apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial dysfunction. To evaluate the protective effect dopaol on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo, we used an animal model (balb/c mice, 20 mg/kg, i.p. once/day for 3 day). The results were similar to those obtained using HK-2 cells; renal tubular damage and neutrophilia induced by cisplatin reduced following dopaol injection (10 mg/kg, i.p. once/day for 3 day). Conclusions: These results indicate that dopaol treatment reduced cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, and can be used to treat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. However, further studies are required to determine the toxicity high dose dopaol and the signal pathways involved in its mechanism of action in animal models.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 1995

The analysis of membrane receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters has progressed considerably by pharmacological and biochemical means and more recently through the use of specific antibodies. To generate and characterize a moloclonal antibody against $\beta$-adrenergic receptor, a synthetic $\beta$2-adrenergic receptor peptide (Phe-Gly-Asn-Phe-Trp-Cys-Phe-Trp-Thr-Ser-lle-Asp-Val-Leu) which may comprise part of $\beta$-adrenergic receptor ligand binding pocket was coupled to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and used as an immunogen. Male BALB/C mice were immunized with this antigen and the immunized spleen was fused with myeloma SP2/0-Ag14 cells to produce monoclonal antibodies. Two clones were obtained but one of monoclonal antibodies, mAb5G09, was used throughout in this study because the other clone, mAb5All showed weak immunoreactivity against KLH as well. The mouse monoclonal antibody mAb5G09 produced in this study showed immunoreactivity to peptide-KLH conjugates and also to human A43l cells and guinea pig lung $\beta$2-adrenergic receptor as revealed by ELISA and western blot. In the course of determination of the effects of mAb5G09 on $\beta$-receptor ligand binding, it was observed that mAb5G09 specifically bound $\beta$-adrenergic radioligand [$^3$H]dihydroalprenolol (DHA) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 60 nM. The [$^3$H]DHA binding activity of mAb5G09 had characteristics of immunoglobulins and the binding activity was not observed in the control anti-KLH monoclonal antibody. The monoclonal antibody, mAb5G09 produced in this study may provide useful models for the study of the structure of receptor binding sites.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2017

The chemical property of cinnamaldehyde is unstable in vivo, although early experiments have shown its obvious therapeutic effects on viral myocarditis (VMC). To overcome this problem, we used cinnamaldehyde as a leading compound to synthesize derivatives. Five derivatives of cinnamaldehyde were synthesized: 4-methylcinnamaldehyde (1), 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (2), 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (3), ${\alpha}$-bromo-4-methylcinnamaldehyde (4), and ${\alpha}$-bromo-4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (5). Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells infected by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were used to evaluate their antiviral and cytotoxic effects. In vivo BALB/c mice were infected with CVB3 for establishing VMC models. Among the derivatives, compound 4 and 5 inhibited the CVB3 in HeLa cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations values of $11.38{\pm}2.22{\mu}M$ and $2.12{\pm}0.37{\mu}M$, respectively. The 50% toxic concentrations of compound 4 and 5-treated cells were 39-fold and 87-fold higher than in the cinnamaldehyde group. Compound 4 and 5 effectively reduced the viral titers and cardiac pathological changes in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compound 4 and 5 significantly inhibited the secretion, mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in CVB3-infected cardiomyocytes, indicating that brominated cinnamaldehyde not only improved the anti-vital activities for VMC, but also had potent anti-inflammatory effects in cardiomyocytes induced by CVB3.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2013

Late effects of chronic exposure to gamma radiation are potential hazards to worker in radiation facilities as well as to the general public. Recently, chronic gamma radiation exposure effects have become a serious concern. Using a total of 60 mice, we studied the biological effects of medium-dose chronic exposure to gamma radiation. Sixty female 6-week-old specific pathogen free Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups (five groups irradiated and one non-irradiated control group). Irradiation was carried out for 7 days using gamma rays at dose rates of 119.65, 238.10, 357.14, 476.19 and $595.24mGy\;h^{-1}$ with total doses 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 Gy. After irradiation, we determined survival rate of gamma radiation exposed mice during 1 week and 476.19 and $595.24mGy\;h^{-1}$ exposed group mice showed less 10% of survival rate. Otherwise, 119.65, 238.10 and $357.14mGy\;h^{-1}$ exposed group mice were survived each 100%, 80% and 70%. Half of survived mice after 1 week are immediately sacrifice and counted body and spleen weights. Compared with control non-irradiated group, total body weights and spleen weights isolated from 119.65, 238.10 and 357.14 irradiated group mice showed significant decreased. However, no significant alteration was observed between 119.65, 238.10 and $357.14mGy\;h^{-1}$ irradiated group. Overall, our results show for the first time that medium-dose chronic gamma radiation has the potential to stimulation of biological effects.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2013

Recently, chronic gamma radiation exposure on biological effects in middle dose-rates have become a serious concern. We investigated the biological effects of middle dose chronic exposure to gamma ray. Fifty male 6-week-old specific free Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (four groups irradiated and one non-irradiated control group). Gamma radiation exposed in Gamma phytotron on Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (Jeongeup, Korea). Irradiation was carried out for 1 or 2 weeks using gamma rays at dose rates of 45 and $50mGy\;h^{-1}$ with total doses 7.56 Gy ($45mGy\;h^{-1}$, 1 week), 8.4 Gy ($50mGy\;h^{-1}$, 1 week), 15.12 Gy ($45mGy\;h^{-1}$, 2 weeks) and 16.8 Gy ($50mGy\;h^{-1}$, 2 weeks). After irradiation, immediately we sacrificed and counted body and organ weights. Moreover we counted spleen cell numbers. Compared with control non-irradiated group, all irradiated groups of body and spleen weights showed significant decreased. However, no significant alteration was observed between same irradiated period groups. In spleen cell numbers, reduced compared to the control group. However, significant alteration was observed between same irradiated period groups ($45mGy\;h^{-1}$, $50mGy\;h^{-1}$). These results demonstrated biological effects according to the radiation dose rate and irradiated period.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2019

Colibacillosis is one of the major health problems in young piglets resulting in poor health and death caused by Escherichia coli producing F18 pili and Shiga toxin 2e. It is pivotal to reduce colibacillosis in weaned piglets to enhance production performance. In this study, we evaluated synbiotics as the gut health improvement agents in the mouse model challenged with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolated from piglets. Prebiotic lactulose was formulated with each $5.0{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ of Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15, Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17, and Lactobacillus plantarum GB 1-3 to produce 3 combinations of synbiotics. A total of 40 three weeks old BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): a control group and 3 synbiotics treated groups. Each treatment groups were daily administrated with $5.0{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ of one synbiotics for the first week, and every 3 days during the second week. All the mice were challenged with $8.0{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ of STEC 5 days after animals began to receive synbiotics. Mice treated with synbiotics based on Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 and Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17 significantly improved daily weight gain compared to mice in other groups. While mice treated with GB-U15 showed better fecal index, no significant differences were observed among groups. Gross lesion and histopathological evaluations showed that mice treated with GB-U15 moderately improved recovery from STEC infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the synbiotics formulated with lactulose and Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 have potential benefits to prevent and improve colibacillosis in weaned piglets.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of water and fermentation extracts of KMS (Kami-Mihudeongsikjang-tang) on AD (atopic dermatitis). Additionally, by applying the fermentation extracts of KMS at the first sensitization and latency period, I investgated whether it could prevent AD. Methods: In this study, to test the effect and preventive efficacy of KMSs on AD. DNCB-induced BALB/c mice of AD model was used. Through histological observation, epidermis and dermis thickness, the infiltration of eoshiphils and mast cells in epidermis and dermis were examined. We measured the serum level of IgE and IL-6, TNF-alpha, and the expressions of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK protein. In order to examine the effect of KMSs on keratinocyte, HaCaT cells were treated TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma to induce an inflammatory response. The KMSs were applied at various concentration in the experimental group. We investigated TARC expression. Results: The treatment groups were reduced epidermis and dermis thickness, inhibited the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells, reduced the serum level of IL-6. Moreover, sfKMS group reduced serum level of TNF-alpha, inhibited the protein expressions of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and the phosphoryllation of ERK, JNK and p38. Especially sfKMS-pre group were reduced the serum level of IgE, show significant inhibition on the protein expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and the phosphoryllation of ERK, JNK and p38. In the experiment on HaCaT cells, sfKMS group were reduced expression of TARC. Conclusions: These result suggest that wKMS and sfKMS was effective in the treament on AD, and sfKMS would prevent AD.