• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2001

Purpose : Urinary tract infections (UTIs) of children require prompt and correct diagnosis and treatment to reduce the risk of renal damage. As a first step to improve the outcome of UTI in Korea, we investigated the practical variations in the methods of diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of children with UTI and UTI prevention. Method :A questionnaire related to the individual policy on UTI diagnosis. treatment, imaging test, and prevention was submitted to 26 experts. Result Majority of the experts used bag-collected urine specimen for infants and mid-stream urine specimen for children for urinary culture. With a negative result of culture study, they diagnosed UTI when there was pyuria, positive results of the nitrite test, or bacteriuria. 80 $\%$ of experts prescribed prophylactic antibiotics after upper tract UTI. Operative treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was indicated for children older than one or two years old with high-grade VUR, refractory breakthrough infections, or recurrent UTIs. Most of them performed kidney ultrasonography on the diagnosis of UTI and more than half of them evaluated children treated of UTI with vesicocystourethrogram and/or DMSA scintigraphy. Majority did not recommend circumcision. Half of the experts were screening siblings of VUR patients. Conclusion : Considering the variations exposed through this study systematic guidelines for management of children with UTI in Korean would be necessary. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 5 : 15-21, 2001)

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2019

Currently, plastic bags are being used for sawdust cultivation of shiitake mushroom. However, due to serious environmental problems caused by the use of plastic bags, we studied the efficacy of bottle cultivation method to replace the sawdust bag method. Small detachable plastic bottles (400 g capacity) filled with Quercus spp. sawdust and wheat bran (4:1 w/w) media were incubated for 80 and 120 days. The weight loss (%) of the media was higher for the NIFoS 2464 strain at an approximate light intensity of 300 Lux than light intensity of 500 Lux; the light intensity was associated with the loss of sawdust medium-weight during the cultivation period. The highest yield was observed when the strain was cultivated for 80 days under dark conditions, 40 days under 500 Lux light, and air circulation fan speed of 30 rpm. When incubated for 120 days, mushroom yield in the bottle media was higher at 40 days of light exposure than 20 days of light exposure. In the bottle media incubated for 80 days under dark conditions, the mushrooms fruited due to repetitive water spraying on the top of the media and light stimulation during the fruiting period. The media could be separated from the bottles because the media shrank after the first harvest. These separated plastic bottles could be re-used for mushroom cultivation, thereby reducing the amount of plastic waste.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 1982

Vacuum-packed and seasoned-dried products of filefish, Navodon modestus, caught in large quantities in the coasts of Japan and Korea, were prepared tentatively and stored at $35^{\circ}C$ for $3\sim4$ months to test their keeping quality. Headed, eviscerated, ana skinned filefish were purchased from Tokyo central wholesale market and filleted. The fillets were seasoned with the seasoning powder prepared from sugar, sorbitol, salt, glutamate, 5'-ribonucleotide, and either beef flavor (Flava-Beef, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd.), red pepper, or smoke flavor (Smok-EZ, Alpha Foods Co. Ltd.). After seasoning, the fillets were dried at $39\sim41^{\circ}C$ for several hours, vacuum-packed in the bag of plastic film, and cooked in water of $80^{\circ}C$ for 40 min. Two kinds of products different in moisture level were prepared : one containing moisture of $26\sim29\%$ and the other $40\sim46\%$. The moisture level, water activity, color value (L,a, and b values), texture, and viable counts of bacteria of these products were determined during storage at $35^{\circ}C$. From the results obtained, it became clear that the products could be preserved in good condition for $3\sim4$ months at $35^{\circ}C$, though they slightly decreased in the softness with decrease of moisture content and developed a pale brown during storage. Judging from organoleptic evaluation on the flavor, the products containing beef flavor as a seasoning was most desirable.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.249-252
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• 2016

Timing, place, and the high-tech industry to overcome barriers to the introduct of the so-called "smart agriculture". The core factors of precision agriculture, including temperature, humidity, location information, and real summary information, are all significant for ICT controlling technique. The system is a four-season container allowing mushroom product, humidity, illumination, and factors such as carbon dioxide were regulated to create the optimal environment for mushroom cultivation. Hericium erinaceum (also called Lion's Mane Mushroom, Bearded Tooth Mushroom, or Bearded Tooth Fungus) is an edible and medicinal mushroom in the tooth fungus group. During approximately 40 days of incubation, 1.4 kg of oak sawdust was used as the test medium. The humidity, temperature, and $CO_2$ density were maintained at >85-95%, $18-20^{\circ}C$, and 700-1,000 ppm, respectively, in the container type culture system. The time for primordium formation was observed to be 4-7 days. The amount of fruitbody production was 74-95 g per bag. This technique will be used to establish a new community support program, in conjunction with international movement, domestic sales and exports are also planned.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.75-82
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• 1986

A field experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of underwater sound on the luring of fish school. The effects of. the acoustic emission on the luring of fish school were checked actually at a set net fishing site in Namhae using a commercial acoustic equipment, Dairyo-8. An emitting system of sound was designed by the authors, and the ambient noise, the sound pressure level and the reaction of fish school were measured in the set net. 1. The predominent frequency band of ambient noise was 150Hz-400Hz,.and the sound emitted was 400Hz-100Hz. The sound pressure level of ambient noise in set net was higher at the landing part, and lower at the playgrond, the gate of court and "the enterance of inclined "passage. The ambient noise was increased with the time elapse-d at the stage of hauling net, but :it was decreased suddenly at the final stage due probably to the decrease of the swimming speed of the fish school. 2. The results of the observation and the recording paper of echo sounder indicate that the effect of emitting sound in the bag net of set net was remarkable for the luring of fish school in the early stage, but decreased after 30 minutes. The reaction of fish school is more sensitiv2 to the sound pressure level than the time intervals between the emission and the pause. For the purpos~ of practical use, it is nesessary to confirm what kind of sound pressure level is the best for the luring of fish school. 3. In response to the acoustic equipment(Dairyo-8), fish school started to swarm 20 minutes after the sound emission and scattered when the sound paused. As the emitting pattern of the acoustic equiment, the three seconds of emission after one second of pause was more effective than the continuous emission at the set net fishing ground. Catch of the fish(s during th~ sound ernissio:l at the gate of court was three to five times more than that of no emission.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.430-441
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• 2014

The present study is a descriptive survey to examine the knowledge of and attitudes towards musculoskeletal disorders and the bad postural habits in nursing students and to determine the relationships between the both sides. This study was performed using a structured questionnaire from September 2 through 17, 2013. The questionnaire copies collected from 272 nursing students were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The following are the results: First, the subjects won 2.75, 3.24 and 3.21 among 1 to 5 points in the knowledge of musculoskeletal disorders, the attitudes towards musculoskeletal disorders and the bad postural habits. Among the bad postural habits, they earned higher points in the postures of lying on the back in a sofa, carrying a bag on the shoulder and sitting with legs crossed. Second, significant negative correlations with the knowledge of and attitudes towards musculoskeletal disorders were shown only by the postures of sleeping lying on the side, lifting things with the waist bent at and sitting with hips placed on and no back attached to a chair. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data to enhance the awareness that nursing students should correct their bad postural habits and to strengthen the knowledge of and attitudes towards musculoskeletal disorders at the time of developing any musculoskeletal health improvement program for nursing students.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2002

A comparison of intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in spotted deer(Cervus nippon) fed forest by-product silage(FBS), arrowroot silage(ARS) and oak leaf hay(OLH) was made to examine the feeding value of forest by-product silage. Dry matter digestibility of ARS was significantly higher(p$<$0.05) than that of OLH while crude protein digestibility was significantly higher(p$<$0.05) in ARS and FBS than in OLH. The digestibility of crude fiber was highest in FBS. Dry matter intake of OLH was significantly higher(p$<$0.05) than that of ARS, and there was no significant difference with FBS. Nitrogen intake was higher in OLH and ARS than in FBS, but there was no significant difference. Fecal nitrogen was highest(p$<$0.05) in OLH and urinary nitrogen was highest(p$<$0.05) in ARS. Retained nitrogen was highest in FBS, however, there was no significant difference among treatments. In Conclusion. FBS was estimated as a useful roughage source for deer, showing high digestibility, dry matter intake and nitrogen utilization.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.156-171
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• 1996

Background: Nosocomial infection control is one of important means to assure the quality of medical care in the hospital, however, it has been neglected by most of the hospital personnels. Of nosocomial infections, urinary tract infection is the highest incidence, which is related to the indwelling catheter. It is, therefore, necessary to pay primary attention to the patients with the indwelling catheter in intensive care unit in order to control nosocomial Infection and to improve the quality of medical care in the hospital. Methods : The subjects of this study were patients with indwelling catheter who were admitted to the ICU of Pusan Paik Hospital from March 1994 to May 1995. The author calculated UTI rate among the subjects through the cultivation of the urine, identified the related factors of the UTI through brain storming of study team and head nurses working at ICU, and analized the effectiveness of the proposed approaches through comparing the infection rates of before and after activities. Results : The major activities carried out by the study team were to conduct in-service education programs for the staffs working at ICU about the importance of the nosocomial infection control in QA, and nursing intervention to reduce the UTI rate among the patients with indwelling catether. 1. The major nursing interventions that the study team had implemented were as follows ; 1) Drainage system was changed from partial open system to completely closed system. 2) Bladder irrigation which was routinely practised in all patients stopped among the noninfected patients. 3) Bladder irrigation set was changed to the disposable one. 4) Catheter was inserted under the anesthesia for patients to be operated. 5) Male patient receiving wrapped with gauze after perineal care was not wrapped. 6) Clamp which had not been before was newly attached to drainage tube. 7) Urine bag which had been packed into a lot of pieces was done into each piece. 8) The interval of change of indwelling catheter had regularly been four weeks, however it was used continously until it worked well. 9) Catheter was attached well at the defined site. 10) Paper towel was used instead of cotton towel. 11) Mats at the entrance were removed and cleansing of wards was enhanced. 2. The UTI rate by month was 34.4% in maximum and 9.8% in minimum during the period of this study, however it had gradually decreased. After 6 months from initiating infection control activities, the trend of rates was relatively stable. It was identified that UTI rate was different by season 12.5% in winter and 27.2% in summer. 3. Utilization rate of indwelling catheter was maintained at under 50%, but it was increased above 57% from April 1995. 4. The number of bladder irrigation sets used per day was 33.3 sets in maximum and 2.8 sets in minimum. The number used per day were also remarkably deceased. Conclusion : It was found that a program to control UTI could contribute to nosocomial infection control, and it was, in turn, a mean to assure the quality of medical care in the hospital. The nursing interventions which this study team had implemented were effective in the reduce of UTI rates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 1987

In order to find the effect of the storage time on the characteristics and sterol composition of the sesame seed, the characteristics, unsaponifiable matters, fractionation pattern of sterol and sterol compositions of 4-desmethylsterol on the sesame seed oil were analysed at the harvest time and after 56 months storage. The sample seed was kept in cotton bag within the natural dark store room. The oil content was decreased from 50.3g per 100g sesame seed at harvest time to 45.5g at 56 months stored. The acid value was increased sharply from 1.8 to 13.4 during the storage of sesame seed and iodine value was increased small, but saponification value and refractive index were hardly changed. The amount of unsaponifiables from 24.3mg to 20.9mg per gram on basis during storage time, and the 4,4-dimethylsterol and 4-monomethylsterol from unsaponifiables were decreased, otherwise, 4-desmethylsterol was increased. In the changes of sterol composition in the 4-desmethylsterol fraction from unsaponifiables, the compesterol and stigmasterol content were not nearly changed, otherwise, the sitosterol content was decreased from 51.0% to 48.2%, but the content of ${\Delta}^5-avenasterol$ was increased from 15.2 % to 18.4% during the storage of sesame seed within 56 months.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.313-323
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• 1998

This study was a descriptive research on the level of self-care available to continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients (hereinafter referred to as 'CAPD patient') related to the specific area of infection management. The method employed for the collection of data was a modified instrument of the self-care survey essentially based on Young Sook Choi's instrument. The relevant data was collected from september 1, 1996 to september 30, 1996. The subjects were provided with an open-ended question regarding the reasons behind why they did not seek self-care. The answers provided about self-care compliance were analyzed by SPSS for frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA. Reasons for non-compliance were analyzed by content analysis. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The percentage of patients engaging in self-care were according to the following self performed tasks : preparation of dialysis : 30.58 points Dialysate exchange procedures : 49.40 points - Two bag type : 50.50 points - Spike type : 48.80 points - Neo type : 48.90 points Catheter exit site care : 25.13 points More specifically, in relation to the preparation of dialysis as referred to above, those patients engaging in self care was relatively high with respect to the cleaning of the dialysis before use and for the preservation of peritosol. However, in dialysate exchange procedures, data revealed that those patients engaging in self-care are relatively low with respect to putting on a mask during the performance of peritosol exchange. Similary in peritosol exchange procedure and catheter exit care, low levels of self-care performance were found in the area of putting on a mask during the peritosol exchange procedures and catheter line testing procedures, respectively. 2. In general characteristics, there appeared to be no distinction in self-care compliance among CAPD patients. 3. The main reasons for non-compliance were based in the following factor : intellectual, attitude, enviromental surrounding and physical. As a result of the foregoing finding, nurses should provide adequate assistance to promote self-care compliance by CAPD patients by checking the preparation of dialysis, dialysate exchange procedure, and catheter exit site care which recieved low point in this research.