• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.4_1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1992

The shore attachment of jet in a cross flow is analysed by experiments and dimensional analysis. The jet flow is discharged with the same depth as that of the cross flow through a side channel perpendicular to the cross flow through a side channel perpendicular to the cross flow. For a momentum jet, nondimensional attachment length and height are dependent on nondimensional characteristic length $I_m/W$. For a buoyant jet, nondimensional attachment length is affected by $I_b/I_md$ and nondimensional temperature distribution is a function of $x/I_b$ and they all can be predicted as power laws. The shore attachment condition can be specified by velocity ratio R.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.452-457
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• 2000

Due to the advantage of RP-HPLC with a variety of compositions of mobile phases, experiments on water-soluble charged species were examined. The samples were mononucleotides (5-CMP, 5-UMP, 5-GMP, 5-IMP, 5-AMP), and the buffers used were sodium phosphate monobasic and acetic acid. The concentrations of buffers ranged from 0.01 to 10 mM, while that of the methanol, an additive to the mobile phase was 5 to 20 vol.%. To predict the retention factor of a sample in terms of its methanol composition (M, vol.%) and buffer(C(sub)B, mM), the following nonlinear equation is suggested, k= $\frac{a+b C_B}{(1+c C_B) M^d}($ where a, b, c, and d were experimentally determined constants. The regression coefficients were above 0.96, and the agreement between experimental and calculated retention factors were relatively good.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.408-414
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• 2012

To reexamine taxonomic status of endemic Mogera wogura coreana from Korea, we first obtained partial 12S rRNA sequences (893 bp) and complete cytochrome b gene sequences (1140 bp) of this subspecies, and these sequences and partial cytochrome b sequences (402 bp) were compared to the corresponding haplotypes of M. wogura from East Asia, obtained from GenBank. The one of three 12S rRNA haplotypes in M. w. coreana was identical to one 12S rRNA haplotype of M. w. robusta from East Asia: 10 complete and 13 partial cytochrome b haplotypes of M. w. coreana formed a single clade with one complete and four partial cytochrome b haplotypes of M. w. robusta, respectively. We considered that M. w. coreana from Korea is an endemic subspecies with only morphological differences, although it is necessary to reexamine the subspecies status of M. w. coreana. Additionally, in the 12S rRNA and complete cytochrome b sequences, M. wogura from Japan was distinct from the two continental subspecies of M. w. coreana and M. w. robusta with average distances of 1.76 and 5.65%, respectively; insular M. wogura, with within-group distances of 2.09 and 4.38%, respectively, was also genetically more divergent than the mainland M. wogura, with within-group distances of 0.08 and 0.57%, respectively. Thus, we considered that insular M. wogura of Japan dispersed into neighboring East Asian continent, which is opposite to the traditional hypothesis on the origin of Japanese M. wogura.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.301-311
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• 1999

The investigation to evaluate the possible effects of fish behaviour on acoustic target strength was carried out during the 1997 and 1998 hydroacoustic-demersal trawl surveys in the southern waters of Korea.The swimming speed and the target strength of individual, acoustically resolved fished swimming through the sound beam were measured using the split-beam tracking method on board R/V Kaya.The results obtained can be summarized as follows:1. The alongship and athwartship angles between -3dB poionts of a hull mounted 38 kHz split beam tranducer used in these surveys was >$3.76^{\circ}\;and\;6.74^{\circ}$ respectively, and the equal energy contour obtained from the measured beam pattern showed approximately the circular pattern. 2. The swimming speed measured off the south coast of Sorido in 23 January 1997 ranged 0.10 to 0.80 m/s with the average swimming spped of 0.36 m/s, and the target strength ranged -64.8 to -31.7 dB with the average target strength of -52.7 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Japanese scaled sardine, Sardinella zunasi and Konoshiro gizzard shad, Konosirus punctatus, respectively.3. The swimming speed measured off the east coast of Kojedo in 24 March 1997 ranged 0.10 to 1.10 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.40 m/s, and the target strength ranged -64.8 to -51.5 dB with the average target strength of -59.2 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Photololigo edulis, Konoshiro gizzard shad and Japanese flying squid, Toddarodes pacificus, respectively and the swimming activity of these species seems to be controlled at speeds between 0.20 and 0.60 m/s. 4. The swimming speed measured the south coast of Kojedo in 25 March 1997 ranged 0.10 to 1.40 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.51 m/s and the target strength ranged -64.3 to -47.7 dB with the average target strength of -55.1 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Blotchy sillage, Sillago maculata and japanese scaled sardine, respectively and the swimming activity of these species seems to be controlled at speeds between 0.20 and 0.70 m/s.5. The swimming speed measured during morning twilight in the southeastern water of Cheju Island in 11 July 1998 ranged 0.20 to 1.0 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.53 m/s, and the target strength ranged -65.0 to -47.0 dB with the average target strength of -57.1 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Black scraper, Thamnaconus modesutus and japanese flying squid, respectively and the tile angle ranged$ +28^{\circ}\;to\;+2^{\circ}$ with the average tilt angle of -8.1$^{\circ}$ showing the downward migration.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.208-213
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• 2020

Burkholderia contaminans PSB-A and Burkholderia ambifaria PSB-B were isolated from button mushroom bed to estimate their phosphate solubility. The phosphate-solubilizing abilities of these strains were assessed by measuring the phosphorus content in a single and co-inoculation medium for 7 days. The co-inoculation of these two strains released the highest content of soluble phosphorus (166.3 ㎍ mL^-1) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. contaminans PSB-A (143.73 ㎍ mL^-1) and B. ambifaria PSB-B (127.1 ㎍ mL^-1). The highest pH reduction, organic acid production, and glucose consumption were also observed in the co-inoculation medium. According to the plant growth promotion bioassay, co-inoculation enhanced the growth of romaine lettuce much more than the single inoculation (20.4% for leaf widths and 16.6% for root lengths). Although no significant difference was noted between single and co-inoculation of bacterial strains in terms of phosphorous release and plant growth, co-inoculation of PSB may have a beneficial effect on crop growth due to a synergistic effect between the strains.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.52-53
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• 1993

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2005

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.25 no.3 s.68
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• pp.191-192
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• 1986

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5371-5376
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• 2015

Berberine (B1), isolated from stems of Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr, was used as a principle structure to synthesize three phenolic derivatives: berberrubine (B2) with a single phenolic group, berberrubine chloride (B3) as a chloride counter ion derivative, and 2,3,9,10-tetra-hydroxyberberine chloride (B4) with four phenolic groups, to investigate their direct and indirect antioxidant activities. For DPPH assay, compounds B4, B3, and B2 showed good direct antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}$ values=$10.7{\pm}1.76$, $55.2{\pm}2.24$, and $87.4{\pm}6.65{\mu}M$, respectively) whereas the $IC_{50}$ value of berberine was higher than $500{\mu}M$. Moreover, compound B4 exhibited a better DPPH scavenging activity than BHT as a standard antioxidant ($IC_{50}=72.7{\pm}7.22{\mu}M$) due to the ortho position of hydroxyl groups and its capacity to undergo intramolecular hydrogen bonding. For cytotoxicity assay against human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) using MTT reagent, the sequence of $IC_{50}$ value at 7-day treatment stated that B1 < B4 < B2 ($0.44{\pm}0.03$, $2.88{\pm}0.23$, and $6.05{\pm}0.64{\mu}M$, respectively). Berberine derivatives, B2 and B4, showed approximately the same level of CAT expression and significant up-regulation of SOD expression in a dose-dependent manner compared to berberine treatment for 7-day exposure using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Our findings show a better direct-antioxidant activity of the derivatives containing phenolic groups than berberine in a cell-free system. For cell-based system, berberine was able to exert better cytotoxic activity than its derivatives. Berberine derivatives containing a single and four phenolic groups showed improved up-regulation of SOD gene expression. Cytotoxic action might not be the main effect of berberine derivatives. Other pharmacological targets of these derivatives should be further investigated to confirm the medical benefit of phenolic groups introduced into the berberine molecule.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 1990

Methylene Blue (MeB) and gentian violet $(10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-4}\;M)$ produced contractions in isolated thoracic aortic preparations of rabbits in a dose-dependent fashion, while other dyes, evans blue and eosine yellowish, did not affect the basal tension in the same range of doses. Porcine mesenteric arterial rings also responded to MeB with dose-dependent contractions. Single dose of $10^{-4}$ M MeB produced a biphasic response: contraction followed by relaxation. The contraction developed slowly within $2{\sim}4$ min and peaked in about 20 minutes and then slowly relaxed to the basal level. Tyramine $(10^{-4}\;M)$ also induced contraction but it developed faster and was more persistent than that of MeB. While the tyramine-induced tension was reproducible, the MeB-induced one wat not reiterable until 3 to 5 hours after washing out the MeB. Adding $10^{-4}$ M MeB further potentiated the contraction induced by $10^{-4}$ M tyramine. However, the MeB contraction was not affected by further addition or tyramine. Both tyramine- and MeB-induced tensions were abolished or significantly inhibited by pretreatment with various drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system. The tyramine-induced tension was more sensitive to guanethidine and 6-hydroxydopamine than the MeB-induced tension, while the latter was more sensitive to $Ca^{2+}-free$ PSS and reserpine. But they have similar sensitivity to prazosin. The MeB-induced tension was significantly inhibited but not abolished by 6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment. However, either tyramine or 6-hydroxydopamine could not affect the basal tension of the ring that MeB once had been tested. These results suggest that MeB-induced contractions of rabbit thoracic aorta and porcine mesenteric artery result from a release of endogenous norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings and are dependent in part on extracellular calcium, and that the potency of MeB to release or to deplete norepinephrine is greater than that of either tyramine or 6-hydroxydopamine.