• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.156-163
• /
• 2022

Background: This study attempted to apply resin infiltrant (RI) as a method to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment and compared it with fluoride varnish (FV) or artificial saliva to evaluate the effect. Methods: Sixty healthy lozenge specimens were classified into five groups. Group 1 was the negative control group, and discoloration was induced after artificial saliva treatment of the tooth specimen (G1_S+C). Group 2 was a positive control group, in which pigmentation was induced after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G2 _B+S+C). Coloration was induced in group 3 (experimental group 1) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by application of fluorine varnish (G3_B+FV+S+C). Coloration was induced in Group 4 (experimental group 2) after applying RI after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G4_B+RI+S+C). Pigmentation was induced in group 5 (experimental group 3) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by acid treatment (etching) and treatment with RI (G5_B+E+RI+S+C). Coffee and wine were used to induce discoloration. The lightness value (L^*) of the CIE L^*a^*b^* color system was obtained by image analysis. Kruskal-Wallis H analysis was performed for the mean difference in L^* values by group. Results: When coloration was induced with coffee, there was no significant difference in L^* value between artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups. There was no significant difference in L^* values between the artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups, even in the case of wine induced coloration. Conclusion: It was confirmed that artificial saliva or RI treatment had similar effects to the FV previously used to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.193-199
• /
• 1993

A hereditary $C^{*}$-subalgebra B of a $C^{*}$-algebra A is said to be full if B is not contained in any proper closed two-sided ideal in A, so each hereditary $C^{*}$-subalgebra of a simple $C^{*}$-algebra is always full. It is well known that every $C^{*}$-algebra is strong Morita equivalent to its full hereditary $C^{*}$-subalgebra, but the strong Morita equivalence of a $C^{*}$-algebra A and its hereditary $C^{*}$-subalgebra B does not imply the fullness of B, ingeneral. We present the following lemma for our computational convenience in the course of the proof of the main theorem. Note that $L_{B}$, $L_{B}$$^{*}$ and $L_{B}$ $L_{B}$$^{*}$ are all .alpha.-invariant whenever B is .alpha.-invariant under the action .alpha. of G.a. of G.a. of G.a. of G.f G.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 1985

Eight strains of Lactobacilli(a, b, b', c, d, e, f and g) were isolated from seven Korean liquid-yogurts(A, B, C, D, E, F and G), and identification and tolerance-test to digestive fluids were carried out. Isolate a from yogurt A and isolate a from yogurt E were identified as L. casei, isolate b from yogurt B as L. acidophilus, isolate d from yogurt D as L. bulgaricus, isolate f from yogurt F as L. helveticus, and isolate b' from yogurt B, isolate c from yogurt C and isolate g from yogurt G as L. jugurti, respectively. Isolate f(L. helveticus) and c(L. jugurti) showed high tolerance to artificial gastric juice but didn't to bile acid. Isolate b(L. acidophilus), a(L. casei), and e(L. casei) showed high tolerance to both artificial gastric juice and bile acid, but isolate d(L. bulgaricus), b'(L. jurgurti) and g(L. jugurti) did not.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.337-345
• /
• 2023

Different versions of the boundary Schwarz lemma for the 𝒩 (𝜌) class are discussed in this study. Also, for the function g(z) = z+b₂z²+b₃z³+... defined in the unit disc D such that g ∈ 𝒩 (𝜌), we estimate a modulus of the angular derivative of g(z) function at the boundary point 1 ∈ 𝜕D with g'(1) = 1 + 𝜎 (1 - 𝜌), where ${\rho}={\frac{1}{n}}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}}g(c_i)={\frac{g^{\prime}(c_1)+g^{\prime}(c_2)+{\ldots}+g^{\prime}(c_n)}{n}}{\in}g^{\prime}(D)$ and 𝜌≠1, 𝜎 > 1 and c₁, c₂, ..., c_n ∈ 𝜕D. That is, we shall give an estimate below |g"(1)| according to the first nonzero Taylor coefficient of about two zeros, namely z = 0 and z ≠ 0. Estimating is made by using the arithmetic average of n different derivatives g'(c₁), g'(c₂), ..., g'(c_n).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.9
• /
• pp.1400-1406
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the quality characteristics of sea salt coated with coffee oil (SCO). Three-year-old salt was used after drying in an oven at $105^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Product A was composed of 100 g of sea salt and 8 g of coffee oil, product B was 100 g of sea salt and 16 g of coffee oil, and product C was 100 g of sea salt, 8 g of coffee oil, and 0.3 g of shell powder. The moisture content, ash content, color, peroxide value, acid value, and sensory evaluation of sea salt coated with coffee oil were determined monthly during 5 months of storage at room temperature. The contents of moisture and ash of SCO were 2~3% and 81~83%, respectively, but not significantly different during the storage period. Calcium content of product C was higher than that of product A or B. Coffee flavor in all SCO products was retained for 3 months. Hunter L, a, and b color values in SCO decreased with increasing storage period. However, redness and yellowness of product B were higher than those of other products. The peroxide and acid values of products A and C were lower than those of product B during storage period. Sensory evaluation during the storage period showed that quality of product A and C was maintained for 4 months, whereas product B was preserved for 3 months.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.72-80
• /
• 2000

Effect of graphite powder addition on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites (C/C composites) was investigated. Greenbody (G/B) with 0~30wt.% graphite powder addition to phenol resin was prepared and carbonized at $1000^{\circ}C$ to make C/C composites. Flexural strengths of 20wt.% graphite powder additions showed maximum values in the both case of G/B and C/C composites. But, at the graphite addition over 20wt.%, there was negative effect due to the matrix inhomogeneity. Flexural strength of cured resin without graphite Powder was higher than that with graphite. However, flexural strength of carbonized resin with graphite increased three times as much as that of carbonized resin without graphite. Because the addition of graphite powder effects the restraint of shrinkage after carbonization and the deflection of crack path. In Mode II ENF test, energy release rates($G_{II}$) of G/B and C/C composites with the 20w1.% addition of graphite were both increased. But, the addition of graphite was more effective to the increase of $G_{II}$ in C/C composites than that in G/B.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2005

This study was carried rut to investigate the quality properties of two cocked germinated-brown rices(A- and B-product). Color value of A- and B-product were L=68.46, a=0.92, b=9.49 and L=69.32, a=-1.10, b=9.77, respectively. Moisture content of those was $64.5\%$. The free sugar contents of A-product were $0.2\%$ glucose, $0.15\%$ sucrose, $0.18\%$ maltose, and those of B-product were $0.14\%$ glurose, $0.50\%$ sucrose, $0.17\%$ maltose, respectively. Vitamin E content in A-product was $30.7\;{\mu}g\;100\;g$ and $46.9\;{\mu}g\;100\;g$ in B-product. Total dietary fiber contents were $2.8\%$, and $2.2\%$, respectively. The DSC(differential scanning calorimetry) characteristics of two cooked germinated-brown rices showed similar pattern. Onset temperature and gelatinization enthalpy of peak 1 were $56.5^{\circ}C$, 5.46 J/g in A-product and $56.2^{\circ}C$, 5.56 J/g in B-product, respectively. Onset temperature and melting enthalpy of peak 2 were $109.5^{\circ}C$, 0.33 J/g in A-product and $108.9^{\circ}C$, 0.37 J/g in B-product, respective1y. Sensory properties of cocked germinated-brown rices were affected by appearance, taste and texture. Palatability score of B-product was higher than that of A-product.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.118-122
• /
• 2017

Porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes the Aujeszky's disease (AD) which is economically important disease in the swine industry worldwide. Killed or live vaccines have been used to control this disease, but their efficacy and side effects remain problems to be solved. To solve these problems, in this study, production of recombinant PRV glycoprotein gB, gC and gD was investigated in insect expression system. Glycoprotein gB, gC and gD are regarded as the major immunogenic antigens in PRV. Abundant production and immunogenicity of glycoprotein gB, gC and gD were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis, respectively. Optimal infection dose and time were also determined for the production of each recombinant PRV glycoprotein. Confirmation of glycosylation of recombinant gB, gC and gD suggested their usefulness as antigens for the development of diagnosis kit or vaccines for Aujeszky's disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 2001

The growth of Selenastrum capricornutum in culture was investigated as a function of ionic copper concentrations to verify the toxicity and physiological variation. In a $Cu^{++}$ excess culture (E: $Cu^{++}$ of $130{\mu}g/l$), the growth rate (K)(0.32) was lower than that of the control culture (C: $Cu^{++}$ of $0.065{\mu}g/l$) (0.61) after 8 days and the exponential growth rate ($R_E$) was also found to be lower in culture E (1.1) than culture C (2.9). On the contrary, the K of S. capricornutum in trace $Cu^{++}$ culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$, 0.72) after 6 days tended to be more increased than culture C (0.68). From 8 to 14 days of culture, the amounts of chlorophyllls a and b were increased in culture C (chlorophyll a, $106->126{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $158->208{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b were decreased in culture E (chlorophyll a, $309->235{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $405->352{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). The amounts of chlorophylls in ionic copper trace culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$) [(chl a/b) of $T_1$: $384/620\;{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; (chl a/b) of $T^2$:$320/467{\mu}g/g$ dry wt] were increased more than the culture C($260/387{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). Howeveer, when photosynthetic rates were normalized to the dry weight of algae, the control culture continued to showed higher values than the treated culture ($T_1$). An appropriate amount of ionic copper ($T_1:\;26\;{\mu}g/l$) stimulated the grwoth of S. capricornutum than the ionic copper content of $13\;{\mu}g/l$ ($T_2$), while the excess amount of ionic copper ($130\;{\mu}g/l$) resulted in the highest toxicity to the growth of S. capricornutum.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1983

From January to March in 1979 and 1982, the vaccination rate of B.C.G., D.P.T and Sabin with 392 infants who were registered at M.C.H. room in a Health Center in Seoul were as follows: 1 There were no specific relations between the sex and the vaccination for B.C.G., D.P.T. and Polio. 2. In 1982, the younger the mother's age was, the higher the vaccination rate for B.C.G. was. For the D.P.T. and Polio the rate of above 35 year group was the highest but the completion rate of the vaccination and the regular vaccination rate were the highest in the age of 30-34 year group. 3. In 1982. the higher the educational levels of tile mother were, the higher the vaccination rates for B.C.G., D.P.T. and Polio were. 4. The vaccination rate for B.C.G. within a month after birth was the highest in Salaried laborer group. The completion rate of the vaccination and regular vaccination rate for D.P.T. add Polio were also the highest in salaried laborer group. 5. In 1982, the rates of all vaccination for B.C.G. were tile highest in the first child. The completion rate of the vaccination and regular vaccination rate for D.P.T and Polio were also the highest in the first child in 1982.