• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 1997

Various fractions of apple fibers such as crude pulp, total dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, and insoluble dietary fiber were prepared and added to the proteose peptone-yeast extract-fildes (PYF) media to see their effects on the growth of type cultures of intestinal bacteria. Most microbes tested in this experiment grew well in PYF media with the soluble dietary fiber of apple than with the insoluble dietary fiber. Especially Bifidobacterium species such as B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. infantis, B. longum, B. thermophilum showed higher growth in PYF media containing the soluble dietary fiber than other fiber fractions. However, pectin-added media didn't promote the growth of most microbes used in the experiment. In the in vitro mixed culture using rat feces as starter, the addition of the soluble dietary fiber or pectin to the basal medium showed larger proportion of Bifidobacterium species in total bacteria than that of glucose.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.571-575
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• 1997

In the present study, characterization of fermented carrot juice by Bifidobacterium was performed. When inoculated at the level of $10^6\;CFU/mL$ with various Bifidobacterium strains, cell growth of B. longum, B. adolescentis and B. infantis reached more than $10^8\;CFU/mL$. On the other hand, B. bifidum strains reached less than $10^8\;CFU/mL$. Compared with carrot, grape juice did not allow the growth of Bifidobacterium, while peach juice and orange juice were as good as carrot for the growth of Bifidobacterium. On mixed culture with Lactobacillus, growth of Bifidobacterium decreased and cell death rate increased considerably. On panel test, Bifidobacterium cultured-carrot juice showed high score on sensory test than non-fermented carrot. Therefore, fermentation may lead to the quality improvement of carrot juice by combining health-promoting effect of Bifidobacterium and high nutrition value of carrot.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.402-407
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• 2008

The synergistic antimicrobial effect of Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJN) and Bifidobacterium extracellular factors against Clostridium difficile were measured using a turbidity method. Each broth supernatant of Bifidobacterium infantis ($68.8{\pm}0.02%$) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis ($33.2{\pm}0.2%$) obtained by adding ethyl acetate soluble fractionate from A. japonica Nakai ethanolic extracts (AJNEA, 100 ppm, no inhibition) showed high synergistic antimicrobial activity against C. difficile. In addition, the antimicrobial activity in a laboratory medium and yogurt products against C. difficile were evaluated. In yogurt prepared with a starter 5 (Lactobacillus acidophilus: Streptococcus thermophilus: B. adolescentis =1 : 1 : 1) and a starter 4 (L. acidophilus: S. thermophilus: B. infantis=1 : 1 : 1) and 0.5% AJNEA powder, high antimicrobial effects were recorded that measured 79.0 and 65.2%, respectively. The results indicated the potential of AJN extract for use as an antimicrobial agent. In addition, the efficiency of the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further improved in combination with lactic acid bacteria, which suggests that they have the potential to be used as a highly effective antibiotic-tolerant microorganism prevention system. Such a strategy can be used for alternative drugs or functional food additives for treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.249-252
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• 2009

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was employed to assess the thermo-tolerance characteristics of Bifrdobacterium infantis ATCC 27920 to mild heat adaptation. When exposed to various heat levels, pH, and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) stress conditions, B. infantis ATCC 27920 exhibited high level of stress resistance. Under mild-heat treatment ($46^{\circ}C$), no significant change in viability level was observed after 2 hr. Interestingly, improved viability was observed in mild-heat adapted ($46^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr) cultures exposed to $55^{\circ}C$, in comparison to control experiments. Viability was not affected by pH, bile, and $H_2O_2$ stress conditions. 2-DE analysis revealed those mild-heat adaptation up-regulated 4 proteins and down-regulated 3 proteins. Among these protein spots, isopropyhnalate dehydratase (leuD), glycosyltransferase (glgA), and ribosomal protein L5 (rp1E) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALD1-TOF/MS).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.681-684
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of Bifidobacteria (B. breve K-110, B. breve K-111, and B. infantis K-525) isolated from a healthy Korean. The administration of B. breve K-110 and K-111 with a high cholesterol diet significantly protected the increase of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol relative to that of a high cholesterol diet alone. Such a diet supplemented with 0.5％ B. breve K-111 decreased serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol to 57 and 55％, respectively. The administration of Bifidobacteria also significantly inhibited the lipid-deposited surface in the aorta. The normalizing activity of serum cholesterol level in cholesterolemic rats was accelerated by Bifidobacteria. The normalizing activity of B. breve K-111 on serum cholesterol level was superior to that of B. breve K-110. These results suggest that Bifidobacteria in the human intestine playa role in the prophylactics of arteriosclerosis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.514-518
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• 2008

After overproduction of a recombinant $\beta$-galactosidase of Bifidobacterium infantis in Pichia pastoris, a synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from 36% lactose using the enzyme (170.74 U/mg) was investigated. The transgalactosylation ratio reached up to 25.2% with 83.1% conversion of initial lactose and the maximum yield of GOS was 40.6%. The GOS syrup was composed of a 13.43% galacto-oligosaccharides, 5.06% lactose, and 8.76% monosaccharides. The prebiotic effect of GOS on the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli strains was investigated in vitro. The maximum growth rate of Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus acidophillus in GOS syrup (5%, v/v) media were 0.49 and 0.96/hr that are higher than those in 1%(w/v) galactose and 1%(w/v) lactose containing media. However, there was no significant difference between the specific growth rates of L. acidophillus in 1%(w/v) glucose and 5%(v/v) GOS syrup. Our data showed that GOS definitely promoted the growth of B. breve ATCC $15700^T$ and L. acidophilus ATCC 33323.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1186-1191
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• 2004

Bacillus sp. $\beta$-mannanase was purified by DEAE-sephadex ion exchange column chromatography. The partially purified P-mannanase exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 5$0^{\circ}C$, and was stable at a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0, and at temperature between 30 to 5$0^{\circ}C$. Konjac glucomannan was hydrolyzed by the purified $\beta$-mannanase, and then hydrolysates separated by 1st activated carbon column chromatography and 2nd sephadex G-25 gel filtration. The main hydrolysates were composed of D.P 5 and 7 glucomannooligosaccharides by TLC and FACE method. To investigate the effects of guar gum glucomannooligosaccharides on the in vitro growth of B. longum, B. bifidum, B. infantis, B. adolescentis, B. animalis, and B. breve, Bifidobacterium spp. were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing carbon SOUTce such as D.P 5, and D.P 7 glucomannooligosaccharides, respectively. B. longum grew up 4.6-fold and 5.3-fold more effectively by the replacement of D.P 5 and 7 glucomannooligosaccharides as the carbon source in a comparasion of standard MRS. Also, B. breve and B. animalis slightly grew up by the treatment of D.P 5 glucomannooligosaccharide.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2008

Xylogone sphaerospora ${\beta}$-mannanase was purified by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8.44 units/ml protein, representing an 56.27-folds purification of the original crude extract. The final preparation thus obtained showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was determined to be 42kDa. Konjac glucomannan was hydrolyzed by the purified ${\beta}$-mannanase, and then the hydrolysates was separated by activated carbon column chromatography. The main hydrolysates were composed of D.P. (Degree of Polymerization) 3 and 4 glucomannooligosaccharides. For elucidate the structure of D.P 3 and 4 glucomannooligosaccharides, sequential enzymatic action was performed. D.P 3 and 4 were identified as M-G-M and M-M-G-M (G- and M- represent glucosidic and mannosidic link-ages). To investigate the effects of konjac glucomannooligosaccharides on in vitro growth of Bifido-bacterium longum, B. bifidum, B. infantis, B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. auglutum and B. breve. Bifidobacterium spp. were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing carbon source such as D.P. 3 and D.P. 4 glucomannooligosaccharides, respectively. B. longum and B. bifidum grew up 3.9-fold and 2.8-fold more effectively by the treatment of D.P. 4 glucomannooligosaccharides, compared to those of standard MRS medium. Especially, D.P. 4 was more effective than D.P. 3 glucomannooligosaccharide on the growth of Bifidobacterium spp.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 1993

Growth responses of some intestinal bacteria such as bifidobacteria and Clostridium perfringens to the extracts of certain foodstuffs were investigated in vitro. Among edible mountain herbs, the extracts of several chui-na-muls (Aster tataricus, Ligularia fischeri and Aster scaber) had an inhibitory activity against C. perfringens on the agar plate and the water extract of Aster scaber worked selectively on it among intestinal bacteria. The water extract showed growth-promoting effect toward bifidobacteria such as B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. bifidum, B. infantis and B. thermophilum in the broth culture. When the faecal inoculum was incubated in the culture with the extract, the population of C. perfringens decreased, whereas that of bifidobacteria increased by $10^3$ scale.$\beta$-glucuronidase activity in the culture with the water extract of Aster scaber digested with pepsin and pancreatin was lower than that in the control culture.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.543-548
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• 2006

The effects of food grade fructooligosaccharide (FOS), isomaltooligosaccharide (MOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and inulin on the growth of five strains of bifidobacteria in fermented milk were investigated. Their effect on culture viability during refrigerated storage was also determined. FOS showed the highest growth-promoting activity for all bifidobacteria except for Bifidobacterium bifidum. Growth rates of B. adolescentis, B. breve, and B. infantis were stimulated by oligosaccharides and inulin, whereas B. longum growth was stimulated by the oligosaccharides but not inulin. In contrast, growth of B. bifidum was enhanced only by inulin. Both acetic and lactic acid production by Bifidobacterium spp. was also enhanced in the presence of 5.0% oligosaccharides. The viability of bifidobacteria cultured with oligosaccharides and inulin, particularly with FOS, was significantly higher than control cultures after 4 weeks of refrigerated storage. The utilization of oligosaccharides is likely to enhance the growth rate, activity, and viability of bifidobacteria.