• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3899-3903
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• 2012

B7-H3 is a newly discovered member of the B7/CD28 superfamily which functions as an important T-cell immune molecule. It has been reported recently that B7-H3 is highly expressed in many cancer cells, the data indicating that it may be a regulation factor contributing to tumor-resistance. In our study, we used bioinformatics to identify differentially expressed genes between colonic cancer cells and normal colonic cells, aiming to analyze mechanisms and identify sub-pathways closely related to progression, with the final aim of finding small molecule drugs which might interfere this progression. We found that ajmaline is one related factor which may enhance self-immunity in colon carcinoma therapy and B7-H3 plays important roles with regard to immunoreactions of colonic cancer cells. All the results indicate that H7-B3 is a favorable prognostic biomarker for colon carcinomas, providing novel information regarding likely targets for intervention.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.10.1-10.7
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• 2017

Small GTPases are well known as one of the signal transduction factors of immune systems. The ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) can be classified into three groups based on the peptide sequence, protein molecular weight, gene structure, and phylogenetic analysis. ARF1 recruits coat proteins to the Golgi membranes when it is bound to GTP. The class I duplicated ARF gene was cloned and characterized from the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) for this study. PoARF1b contains the GTP-binding motif and the switch 1 and 2 regions. PoARF1b and PoARF1b mutants were transfected into a Hirame natural embryo cell to determine the distribution of its GDP/GTP-bound state; consequently, it was confirmed that PoARF1b associates with the Golgi body when it is in a GTP-binding form. The results of the qPCR-described PoARF1b were expressed for all of the P. olivaceus tissues. The authors plan to study the gene expression patterns of PoARF1b in terms of immunity challenges.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.154-162
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• 2018

Objective: The fallopian tubes play a critical role in the early events of fertilization. The rapid innate immune defense is an important part of the fallopian tubes. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as a part of the innate immune system, plays an important role in detecting viral infections. In this basic and experimental study, the effect of sex hormones on the function of TLR3 in the OE-E6/E7 cell line was investigated. Methods: The functionality of TLR3 in this cell line was evaluated by cytokine measurements (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-1b) and the effects of sex hormones on TLR3 were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Additionally, TLR3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and a TLR3 function-blocking antibody were used to confirm our findings. Results: The production of IL-6 significantly increased in the presence of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) as the TLR3 ligand. Using a TLR3-siRNA-ransfected OE-E6/E7 cell line and function-blocking antibody confirmed that cytokine production was due to TLR3. In addition, 17-${\beta}$ estradiol and progesterone suppressed the production of IL-6 in the presence and absence of poly(I:C). Conclusion: These results imply that sex hormones exerted a suppressive effect on the function of TLR3 in the fallopian tube cell line when different concentrations of sex hormones were present. The current results also suggest that estrogen receptor beta and nuclear progesterone receptor B are likely to mediate the hormonal regulation of TLR3, as these two receptors are the main estrogen and progesterone receptors in OEE6/E7 cell line.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.856-865
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• 2012

We describe the construction and immunobiological properties of a novel whooping cough vaccine candidate, in which the aroQ gene, encoding 3-dehydroquinase, was deleted by insertional inactivation using the kanamycin resistance gene cassette and allelic exchange using a Bordetella suicide vector. The aroQ B. pertussis mutant required supplementation of media to grow but failed to grow on an unsupplemented medium. The aroQ B. pertussis mutant was undetectable in the trachea and lungs of mice at days 6 and 12 post-infection, respectively. Antigen-specific antibody isotypes IgG1 and IgG2a, were produced, and cell-mediated immunity [CMI], using interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma as indirect indicators, was induced in mice vaccinated with the aroQ B. pertussis vaccine candidate, which were substantially enhanced upon second exposure to virulent B. pertussis. Interleukin-12 was also produced in the aroQ B. pertussis-vaccinated mice. On the other hand, neither IgG2a nor CMI-indicator cytokines were produced in DTaP-vaccinated mice, although the CMI-indicator cytokines became detectable post-challenge with virulent B. pertussis. Intranasal immunization with one dose of the aroQ B. pertussis mutant protected vaccinated mice against an intranasal challenge infection, with no pathogen being detected in the lungs of immunized mice by day 7 post-challenge. B. pertussis aroQ thus constitutes a safe, non-reverting, metabolite-deficient vaccine candidate that induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses with potential for use as a single-dose vaccine in adolescents and adults, in the first instance, with a view to disrupting the transmission cycle of whooping cough to infants and the community.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2012

2011년도 Nobel 생리(生理) 의학상(醫學賞) : 자연(自然)(선천)(先天) 면역(免疫)(innate immunity)의 활성화에 관한 연구업적으로 B. A. Beutler와 J. A. Hoffmann, 그리고 수지상세포(樹枝狀細胞)(dendritic cell; DC)발견과 적응(適應)(획득)(獲得)면역(免疫)(adaptive immunity)에 있어서의 그들 세포의 역할을 밝혀낸 R. M. Steinman의 공동수상으로 금년도 Nobel 생리 의학상 수상자가 결정되었다는 보도가 지난 10월 3일 있었다(1-3). 그들의 업적을 요약하면 대략 다음과 같다. (Steinman교수는 Nobel수상자 발표 3일전인 9월 30일 암으로 사망함). 그들은 면역기구(immune system)의 활성화의 관건(key)이 되는 원리를 밝혀냄으로써, 면역기구에 관한 우리들의 이해를 혁신하였던 것이다. 과학자들은 오랫동안 세균(bacteria)이나 기타 미생물병원체들에 의한 공격에 대비하여 그들 자신을 방어하는 사람이나 기타 동물체에서의 면역응답(免疫應答)(immune response)의 문지기들을 탐색해 왔다. Beutler와 Hoffmann은 그와 같은 병원미생물을 인식하여 생체의 면역응답의 첫 단계인 자연면역을 활성화 할 수 있는 수용체 단백질(toll-like receptor protein)을 규명한 것이다(4,5). 한편 Steinmann은 면역계의 수지상세포(DC)와 병원미생물이 생체로부터 배제되는 면역응답의 후기단계인 적응면역을 활성화하고 조절하는 그들의 독특한 재능을 규명해 낸 것이다(6-8). 그들 3명의 발명은, 면역응답의 자연 및 적응 양상(樣相)이 어떻게 활성화되는 가를 밝혀냄으로써 질병의 기전에 관한 참신한 식견(識見)을 제공한 것이다. 그들의 연구는 감염병(感染病)(infectious disease), 암(癌)(cancer) 그리고 염증성질환(炎症性疾患)(inflammatory disease)에 대응하는 예방과 치료의 개발을 위한 새로운 방법을 개척한 것이다.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.168-177
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• 2023

Recently, as a health problem of the elderly in an aging society, the risk of nutritional imbalance and weakening of immunity due to deterioration of masticatory function has been mentioned. In order to solve this problem, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immunosuppression in mice induced by fermented samultang (FST) porridge on the markers related to immune activity function. ICR Mouse was divided into 6 groups of 7 animals each. Experimental groups were set as normal control group, CPA-administration group, positive control group, and FST-administration experimental group (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%). In groups except for the normal control group, 100 µL of CPA dissolved in 0.9% NaCl at a concentration of 150 mg/kg was injected twice at the start of the experiment and after 3 days to induce immunosuppression. As a result of analyzing the cell proliferation capacity of splenocytes, all B and T cells decreased in the CPA-administered group and increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the FST-administered group. In addition, IgA measured to evaluate the effect of improving immunity showed high values in medium and high concentration FST (P<0.05). These results can be expected as an effective solution to improve the nutritional imbalance of the elderly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4037-4043
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• 2012

Despite progress in elucidating mechanisms associated with colorectal cancer and improvement of treatment methods, it remains a frequent cause of death worldwide. New and more effective therapies are therefore urgently needed. Recent studies have shown that immunogenicity of whole ovarian tumor cells and subsequent T cell response were potentiated by oxidation modification with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in vitro and ex vivo. These results prompted us to investigate the protective antitumor response with an HOCl treated CT26 colorectal cancer cell vaccine in an in vivo mouse model. Administration of HOCl modified vaccine triggered robust antitumor immunity to autologous tumor cells in mice and prolonged survival period significantly. In addition, increased necrosis and apoptosis were found in tumor tissue from the oxidation group. Interestingly, ELISPOT assays showed that specific T cell responses were not elicited in response to the immunizing cellular antigen, in contrast to raising sera antibody titer and antibody binding activity shown by ELISA assay and flow cytometry. Further evaluation of the mechanisms underlying HOCl modified vaccine mediated humoral immunity highlighted the role of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results combined with previous studies suggest that HOCl oxidation modified whole cell vaccine has wide applicability as a cancer vaccine because it can target both T cell- and B cell-specific responses. It may thus represent a promising approach for the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.128-134
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• 2013

Salmonella enterica serovar typhi, a Gram-negative food-borne pathogen, causes typhoid fever in humans. OmpC is an outer membrane porin of S. typhi expressed throughout the infection period. OmpC is potentially an attractive antigen for multivalent vaccines and diagnostic kit designs. In this study we combined in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches to analyze various aspects of OmpC's antigenic properties. The conserved region, in addition to secondary and tertiary structures, and linear B cell epitopes, were predicted. A number of results obtained from in silico analyses were validated by experimental studies. OmpC was amplified, cloned and then expressed, with the recombinant protein then being purified. BALB/c mice were immunized by purified denatured OmpC. The titer of antibody was raised. Results of challenges with the pathogen revealed that the immunity is non-protective. Most of the theoretical and experimental results were in consensus. Introduced linear B cell epitopes can be employed for the design of diagnostic kits based on antigen-antibody interactions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise through an in-hospital rehabilitation program on the enhanced immunity of immune cells and on the reduction of serum Cortisol, an indicator of physiological stress responses, among stroke patients. The 25 subjects were put to the program for two years from March 2, 2013 to February 28, 2015. The experimental group included 13 stroke patients from S and C Hospital in Gwangju, and the control group was composed of 12 common people. The findings were as follows: there were no significant differences in T cells between the experimental group with $69.18{\pm}11.78%$ and the control group with $70.75{\pm}6.33%$; there were significant differences in B cells between the experimental group ($12.95{\pm}3.74%$) and the control group ($16.27{\pm}3.49%$). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant increases of NK cells between the experimental group ($21.98{\pm}8.98%$) and the control group ($15.72{\pm}5.07%$) with p<0.05, though the values for the experimental group did rise. While there was elevated Cortisol before exercise in the experimental group (p<0.05), which recorded $13.65{\pm}6.85%$ before and $9.90{\pm}4.66%$ after, there were no differences in the control group, which recorded $11.635{\pm}4.02%$ before and $12.64{\pm}2.30%$ after exercise. The present study also found continued exercise through an in-hospital rehabilitation exercise program increased differences in NK and T cells before and after exercise in the experimental group and thus had effects on enhanced immunity. Meanwhile, differences in Cortisol before and after exercise in the experimental group decreased, which indicates that the continued exercise was effective in reducing stress.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.228-237
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• 2022

In this study, the effects of the immune stimulator Euglena gracilis (Euglena) in cyclophosphamide (CCP)-induced immunocompromised mice were assessed. The key component β-1,3-glucan (paramylon) constitutes 50% of E. gracilis. Mice were orally administered Euglena powder (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (B.W.)) or β-glucan powder (250 mg/kg B.W.) for 19 days. In a preliminary immunology experiment, ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg of CCP/kg B.W. during the final 3 consecutive days. In the main experiment, BALB/c mice were treated with CCP for the final 5 days. To evaluate the enhancing effects of Euglena on the immune system, mouse B.W., the spleen index, natural killer (NK) cell activity and mRNA expression in splenocytes lungs and livers were determined. To detect cytokine and receptor expression, splenocytes were treated with 5 ㎍/ml concanavalin A or 1 ㎍/ml lipopolysaccharide. The B.W. and spleen index were significantly increased and NK cell activity was slightly enhanced in all the experimental groups compared to the CCP-only group. In splenocytes, the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and IL-12 receptor were increased in the E. gracilis and β-glucan groups compared to the CCP-only group, but there was no significant difference. Treatment with 500 mg of Euglena/kg B.W. significantly upregulated dectin-1 mRNA expression in the lung and liver compared to the CCP-only group. These results suggest that Euglena may enhance the immune system by strengthening innate immunity through immunosuppression.