• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 1998

The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of cysteine proteinase of Trichomonas vaginalis in escaping from host defense mechanism. A cysteine proteinase of T. vaginalis was purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Optimum pH for the purified proteinase activity was 6.0. The proteinase was inhibited by cysteine and serine proteinase inhibitors such as E-64, NEM, IAA, leupeptin. TPCK and TLCK, and also by $Hg^{2+}$, but not affected by serine-, metallo-, and aspartic proteinase inhibitors such as PMSF, EDTA and pepstatin A. However, it was activated by the cysteine proteinase activator, DTT. The molecular weight of a purified proteinase was 62 kDa on gel filtration and 60 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Interestingly, the purified proteinase was able to degrade serum IgA, secretory IgA, and serum IgG in time- and dose-dependent manners. In addition, the enzyme also degraded hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the acidic cysteine proteinase of T. vaginalis may play a dual role for parasite survival in conferring escape from host humoral defense by degradation of immunoglobulins, and in supplying nutrients to parasites by degradation of hemoglobin.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.133-145
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• 2015

This study investigates the relationships between the characteristics of the succession process and organizational performance as well as the moderating roles of strategic HRM practices in these relationships. Data was collected from 256 successors and HR managers(128 for each) in South Korean family businesses where the succession process either had been completed or was currently underway around time of data collected and analyzed. Our results indicate that the provision of successor training is positively related to organizational performance, while the clarity of the incumbent's role after succession, communication of the decision regarding succession, and the incumbent's propensity to step aside are not significantly related to organizational performance. Further, our results confirm (a) the moderating effects of strategic staffing practices between communication of the decision regarding succession and organizational performance, and (b) the moderating effects of strategic staffing practices between the incumbent's propensity to step aside and organizational performance. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4451-4456
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• 2015

Background: The aim of our present study was to compare quality of life (QoL) between intermediate-stage (BCLC-B) HCC patients who had undergone either liver resection or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Materials and Methods: A total of 102 intermediate-stage HCC patients participated in our study, including 58 who had undergone liver resection and 44 who had undergone TACE. Baseline demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, and long-term outcomes, such as tumor recurrence, were compared and analyzed. QoL was assessed using the Short Form (SF)-36 health survey questionnaire with the mental and physical component scales (SF-36 MCS and PCS). This questionnaire was filled out at HCC diagnosis and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months after surgery. Results: For the preoperative QoL evaluation, the 8 domains related to QoL were comparable between the two groups. The PCS and MCS scores were significantly decreased in both the TACE and resection groups at1 month after surgery, and this decrease was greater in the resection group. These scores were significantly lower in the resection group compared with the TACE group (P<0.05). However, these differences disappeared at 3 and 6 months following surgery. One year after surgery, the resection group showed much higher PCS scores than the TACE patients (P=0.018), and at 2 years after surgery, the PCS and MCS scores for the resection group were significantly higher than those for the TACE group (P<0.05). Eleven patients (19.0%) in the resection group and 17 (38.6%) in the TACE group suffered HCC recurrence (P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that tumor recurrence (HR=1.211, 95%CI: 1.086-1.415, P=0.012) was a significant risk factor for poorpostoperative QoL in the HCC patients.Conclusions: Due to its effects on reducing HCC recurrence and improving long-term QoL, liver resection should be the first choice for the treatment of patients with intermediate-stage HCC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1479-1484
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of fermented-defatted soybean grits (DSG). Fermented-DSG was prepared by inoculating Bacillus subtilis NUCI into steamed DSG at 2% (v/w) concentration and fermenting at $40^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. The protein contents of DSG and fermented-DSG were higher by $57.2{\sim}61.0%$ than those of Chungkukjang, but lipid contents of these samples were not detected. The protease and $\alpha$-amylase activities, and solid contents in DSG were not shown. However, the activities of protease and $\alpha$-amylase, tyrosine contents, fluid consistency, and viscous substance contents of fermented-DSG were higher than those of Chungkukjang. The levels of free amino acids and isoflavone of fermented-DSG tended to increase more than those of DSG. The sensory score of fermented-DSG were higher in odor and taste than those of Chungkukjang groups, while lower in color and overall acceptability.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2009

In present study, an alternative process for manufacturing ultra marine blue by using kaolin, sulfur, sodium carbonate, silica, and rosin was investigated. From the experiments, it was found in the reductive calcination process that the temperature variation with the bed height of input materials is relatively high due to the inadequate thermal conductivity of them. It was also found that the color of the ultramarine blue manufactured is sensitive for the shape of the input materials and the calcinations conditions, and specially the heating rate is very important to form ultramarine. For manufacturing green ultramarine by using sulfur, sodium carbonate, silicon, and pine resin, an optimum condition was investigated to be the heating rate region below $0.6^{\circ}C/min$, the reaction temperature of $850^{\circ}C$ and the reaction time of 4 hr. At the oxidative calcination process to manufacture ultra marine blue from green ultramarine, the optimum flow rate of air is $500{\sim}550\;{\ell}/kg$ (green ultramarine) and the reaction temperature is $500{\sim}550^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2007

Natural 6-dodecen-4-olide (Butte lactone) was produced from plant oils containing high unsaturated fatty acids via two-stage microbial hiotransformation. After unsaturated fatty acids were liberated from plant oil by microbial lipase, these were converted to optically active hydroxyl fatty acid (HFA) by hydroxylation reaction of Pseudomonas sp. NRRLB-2994. When safflower oil containing >75% unsaturated fatty acid, linoleoic acid wasused, Pseudomonas sp. produced 8g/L of 10-hydroxy-12(z)-octadecanoicacid with average of 39.2% bioconversion efficiency during 48 hr biotransformation period. The recovered 10-hydroxy-12-octadecanoic acid was further bioconverted to 4-hydroxy-6-dodecenoic acid via partial ${\beta}-oxidation$ by Yarriowia lipolytica ATCC34088. 4-hydroxy-6-dodecenoic acid in culture was lactonized by lowering pH to 4.0 using $4N\;H_{2}SO_{4}$ and heating for 5 min to 6-dodecen-4-olide (Butter lactone). Natural 6-dodecen-4-olide had characteristic aroma properties when compared to 6-dodecan-4-oilde (dodecalactone) and 4-decen-4-olide (decalactone).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.495-508
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the eating behaviors and dietary quality of various aged adults. This study conducted through questionnaire and dietary survey by 24-hr recall to 850 adults residing in Samcheok. Subjects were divided into four groups according to the age in male and female, which included 20~29 yrs group (male n = 94, female n = 66), 30~49 yrs group (male n = 201, female n = 216), 50~64 yrs group (male n = 88, female n = 96), and $\geq65$ yrs group (n = 46, female n = 43). In male, 20~29 yrs group had a larger proportion of subjects who skipped breakfast, lunch and dinner compared to other groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The daily food and energy intakes in $\geq50$ yrs group were significantly lower than those of < 50 yrs. Protein and fat intakes of 20~29 yrs group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. But ND (Nutrient Density) of minerals as like calcium, iron and plant iron in 20~29 yrs group were significantly lower than those of other groups. The KDDS (Korean's Dietary Diversity Score) of 20~29 yrs group, 30~49 yrs group, 50~64 yrs group and $\geq65$ yrs group in male were 4.1, 3.8, 3.7 and 3.5 respectively and there was significant difference (p < 0.001). In female, skipping breakfast and dinner were significantly higher in 20~29 yrs group than in other groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). And the use of nutrient supplementation was higher in 30~49 yrs group than that of other groups (p < 0.05). The daily energy intakes was higher in 20~49 yrs group than that of $\geq65$ yrs group. The ND (Nutrient Density) of animal protein, vitamins A and $B_1$ in 20~29 yrs group were significantly lower than those of other groups. The KDDS of 20~29 yrs group, 30~49 yrs group, 50~64 yrs group and $\geq65$ yrs group in female were 4.0, 3.9, 3.9 and 3.6 respectively and $\geq65$ yrs group was significant lower than other groups. According to these results, $\geq65$ yrs and 20~29 yrs group had more dietary habit problems and poor nutrition status than 30~64 yrs group. The results of this study revealed that nutritional management and education for adequate meals should be emphasized in adults and elderly.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.483-490
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• 2003

The incidence of PSE(Pale, Soft, Exudative) pork by slaughter weight and handling conditions at preslaughtering stage such as fattening period, transport and lairage time were compared. The incidence of PSE pork were 24.9% when pigs were fed under 180 days and 18.9% when pigs were fed over 180 days for fattening. In the transport time from farm to slaughter house, the incidence of PSE pork were 46.6% for shorter than 30min and 45.65% for 30 min${\sim}$60 min and 35.44% for longer than 60min. The incidence of PSE pork were 55.6% for pigs had no lairage before slaughter, 33.9% for pigs held in lairage overnight. Therefore, the incidence of PSE pork were decreased by 6% with the extension of the fattening period and 9% with the transport time of longer than 1hr and 22.1% with lairage treatment before slaughter. The incidence of PSE pork were different in different location of farms and there were no significantly different in live weight, carcass weight and carcass yield between groups of lairage treatment. In conclusion, handling condition at preslaughtering stage such as extension of fattening period and lairage time were important to control pork quality and lairage treatment was not decreased the carcass yield.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1007-1016
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• 2003

Garlic was stored at 4, 8, and $12^{\circ}C$ to investigate the development of green discoloration. Green discoloration developed after 7 day of storage ar $4^{\circ}C$, while it developed after 15 day of storage at 8 and $12^{\circ}C$. The effect of maleic hydrazide fertilization on green discoloration of garlic was not observed. Green discoloration of garlic was accelerated by gamma-radiation treatment. The addition of cysteine did not prevent green discoloration, which decreased the commercial value of the garlic due to the presence of white specks on the surface. When 3% ascorbic acid was added to the garlic, green discoloration developed in 6 and 24 hr at room temperature and $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. The tendency of garlic to discolor was also investigated at various storage temperatures. Discolored garlic stored for 30 day at low temperatures was conditioned at $20{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ for 20 day. The green discoloration of garlic conditioned at 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ did not disappear in 20 day, but disappeared in 20 day when conditioned at $30^{\circ}C$. The L, a, and b values of garlic conditioned at 35, 40, and $45^{\circ}C$ for 4 day were similar to those of normal garlic. Conclusively, our results indicated that the best method for suppressing green discoloration was conditioning discolored garlic at $35^{\circ}C$ for 4 day.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2011

This study was performed to analyze the antibacterial activity against food hazardous microorganisms and antimutagenic effects of Sanguisorba officinalis L. ethanol extracts on Salmonella Typhimurium TA100. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by paper disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and optical density of the culture with the ethanol extract for 24 hr. Antibacterial activity was tested with seven microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The paper disc diffusion assay showed distinct clear inhibition zones around the discs treated with the extract for five microorganisms, except Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157:H7. MIC values were 0.625-2.5 mg/mL for these five strains that showed clear zones. The time-kill assay was consistent with the results from the paper disc diffusion assay and MIC test. Additionally, antimutagenicity of the extract was determined using the Ames test. The ethanol extract at 5 mg/plate inhibited 72.42% and 89.85% of mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and sodium azide, respectively. These results demonstrate that the ethanol extract from S. officinalis L. has remarkable antibacterial activity and antimutagenicity.