• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.519-528
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• 2013

To evaluate the effect of Ulmus devidiana powder, muffins with Ulmus devidiana powder were made after supplementation with Ulmus devidiana powder(0, 5, 10 and 15%(all w/w)). Proximate composition of Ulmus devidiana powder was 7.49% moisture, 2.33% crude protein, 0.84% crude lipid, 66.74% carbohydrate, 14.09% crude fiber and 8.5% crude ash. The sample with 15% of Ulmus devidiana powder showed significantly lower volume compared to other groups. The symmetry of the sample with 5% of Ulmus devidiana powder was significantly lower than that of control group. No significant uniformity changes were observed. The height and baking loss rate of muffins with 15% Ulmus devidiana powder showed lower than that of other groups. But the weight of muffins with 15% Ulmus devidiana powder showed heavier than that of other groups. In color, L value and b value of muffins were decreased as the increase of the Ulmus devidiana powder. a value of muffins with Ulmus devidiana powder were higher than that of the control group. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness of groups with Ulmus devidiana powder were increased significantly as the increase of the amount of Ulmus devidiana powder. No changes of springness and cohesiveness were observed. Color, hardness, root odor and bitter taste intensity increased significantly with the increased addition of Ulmus devidiana powder. Acceptance of appearance, taste and overall acceptability of groups with 10% of Ulmus devidiana powder were significantly higher than that of the control group. As a result, 10% of Ulmus devidiana powder will be ideal to make muffins.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-123
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of Sulgidduk prepared by adding the optimal amount of apple powder. Five different mixture ratios of apple powder to rice flour were prepared (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16%). After being stored for 3 days, the mixtures of apple powder and rice flour were measured to determine moisture content, color values, sensory qualities, and the mechanical texture characteristics of Sulgidduk. Moisture content of Sulgidduk with added apple powder ranged from 36% to 39% and but decreased with significantly with added apple powder. The L-color value decreased, whereas both the a-and b-values increased as apple powder was added. Thus, apple peel likely affected the Sulgidduk color value. The pH of Sulgidduk decreased with the addition of apple powder, whereas sugar level increased as apple powder was added. In the mechanical evaluation of apple Sulgidduk, hardness was significantly higher during the 3 days of storage with increasing amounts of added apple powder. Cohesiveness increased significantly during the storage period with the addition of apple powder,-; however, it began to decreased after 3 days. Springiness increased significantly with the addition of apple powder. Both adhesiveness and chewiness of Sulgidduk increased with added apple powder. Sensory quality characteristics such as color, taste, flavor, and moistness were improved with increasing amounts of added apple powder. However, the sensory quality of Sulgidduk decreased when the ratio of apple powder to rice flour was greater than 25%. Consequently, a mixture of 15~20% apple powder to rice flour was the best formula for improving Sulgidduk in terms of sensory quality.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2012

To evaluate the effect of Ulmus davidiana powder on rice dasik, Ulmus davidiana dasik was made after supplementation with Ulmus davidiana powder(0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%(all w/w)). The proximate component of Ulmus davidiana powder was 7.49% moisture content, 2.33% crude protein, 0.84% crude fat, 14.09% crude fiber and 8.50% crude ash. The moisture content of samples were significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of dasiks with Ulmus davidiana powder. The pH values were significantly decreased with increased Ulmus davidiana powder(p<0.05). The lightness(L-value) was significantly decreased as Ulmus davidiana powder increased(p<0.05). Redness(a-value) of dasik with Ulmus davidiana powder was significantly higher than that of the control group. However redness was decreased with the amount of increased Ulmus davidiana powder. The yellowness(b-value) decreased significantly as Ulmus davidiana powder increased(p<0.05). In the mechanical evaluation, hardness in the groups with Ulmus davidiana powder increased significantly(p<0.05). Adhesiveness of the control group was lower than that of the groups with Ulmus davidiana powder. Springness in the control group was lower than that in the groups with Ulmus davidiana powder. But no significant difference in cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness among groups was found. The intensity of color, odor and astringency of dasik with Ulmus davidiana powder significantly increased as the amount of supplementation increased(p<0.05). And the preference of flavor with 12% Ulmus davidiana powder was significantly lower than that of the control group. In conclusion, rice dasik with less than 9% of Ulmus davidiana powder would be most proper in taste and overall acceptability.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.272-278
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• 2010

Various quality attributes were determined in muffins prepared using purple-colored sweet potato flour. Height of control muffins was 5.8 cm lease clarify. Height decreased with increasing quantity of sweet potato powder. Muffin volume was not appreciably affected. Moisture of control muffins was 21.84. The moisture value decreased with increasing quantity of sweet potato powder. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed thick cell wall and rough stoma in muffins prepared with purple-colored sweet potato powder. The amount of gluten decreased as the quantity of purple-colored sweet potato powder increased. Brightness L values significantly changed as the amount of powder increased, indicative of a progressively darker product. Red index a values decreased as the quantity of purple-colored sweet potato powder increased. Yellow index b values decreased significantly in the control group as powder quantity increased. Hardness increased with increasing addition of powder, but no significant difference was evident between 6% and 9% amended samples. There were also no significant differences in springing in samples containing 3% and 6% powder but 9% powder produced a significant difference. Cohesiveness did not differ in unamended samples and samples amended with 3% and 9% powder, however a significant difference was evident in samples prepared with 6% powder. Gumminess and chewiness increased as the quantity of purple-colored sweet potato powder increased. Color did not differ appreciably in sample prepared with 3% and 9% Sample prepared with 3% additives showed the highest What? Color score? Something else? Please clarify with 6.4. There was no significant difference of the flavor in samples prepared with 3% and 6% powder, or in taste among samples prepared 3%, 6%, and 9% powder. No significant differences in texture were evident in any sample Overall acceptability was highest (7.2) in samples prepared with 3% of purple-colored sweet potato.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.298-306
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of steamed bread using mixed flour containing bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. Properties of the steamed breads were tested by colorimeter, water activity, rheometer, SEM, and sensory tests. The L values and a values were higher in steamed bread with bamboo leaf powder. On the other hand, the b values of streamed bread with bamboo leaf powder were lower than lotus leaf powder. During storage, the hardness of steamed bread with bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders increased control. Furthermore, steamed bread with lotus leaf powder showed hardness than bamboo leaf powder. The springiness of all steamed breads decreased with storage, and steamed breads with bamboo leaf powder showed lower values than lotus leaf powder. The cohesiveness of the control was the highest, and all samples showed significant differences each other. The gumminess of the control was higher than steamed bread with bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. Moreover, longer storage time yielded higher gumminess. control relatively smoother surface than that of 1% bamboo leaf powder. The steamed bread with lotus leaf powder had a rougher surface than bamboo leaf powder. sensory characteristics of steamed bread, green color of the samples with bamboo leaf powder was darker than lotus leaf powder. Leaf odor was similar throughout. Freshness of steamed bread containing 1% bamboo leaf powder the highest. The overall acceptability of consumer acceptance was the control, followed by steamed bread containing 1% lotus leaf powder.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.922-932
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• 2020

Previous research has indicated that radish powder could be a suitable replacement for chemical nitrite sources in alternatively cured meat products. However, the effects of radish powder level on the physicochemical properties of cured meat have not been systematically studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of radish powder and incubation time on the physicochemical properties and cured meat pigments of alternatively cured meat products. We divided our experimental setup into seven groups with different radish powder concentrations and incubation times: control (0.01% sodium nitrite), treatment 1 (0.15% radish powder and 2 h incubation), treatment 2 (0.15% radish powder and 4 h incubation), treatment 3 (0.30% radish powder and 2 h incubation), treatment 4 (0.30% radish powder and 4 h incubation), treatment 5 (0.30% celery powder and 2 h incubation), and treatment 6 (0.30% celery powder and 4 h incubation). The cooking yield, CIE a* values (redness), and total pigment levels were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between any of the alternatively cured treatments and the control. However, when 0.30% radish powder or celery powder was added to the products, the CIE b* values increased significantly (p < 0.05) with incubation time. At the same vegetable concentration, the nitrite content, nitrosyl hemochrome, and curing efficiency also increased significantly (p < 0.05) as the incubation time increased from 2 to 4 h, regardless of the types of vegetable powder. Among the meat products cured with radish powder, treatment 4 showed the highest increase in residual nitrite content, nitrosyl hemochrome content, and curing efficiency, but showed decreased lipid oxidation. Our results suggest that increased concentrations of radish powder and longer incubation times would be more suitable for producing alternatively cured meat products comparable to traditionally cured products treated with synthetic nitrite.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.990-997
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• 1995

Effect of preparation method on Yulmoo kimchi(watery kimchi prepared with Yulmoo, leaf radish) fermentation was investigated by measuring physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties for 20 days. Yulmoo kimchi was fermented at 4$^{\circ}C$ after keeping at room temperature(27$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$) for 8 hours. Four types(A, B, C, D) of Yulmoo kimchi were prepared. Sample A was made without wheat flour paste and red pepper powder and sample B was made with wheat flour paste. Sample C was made with red pepper powder, and sample D was made with wheat flour paste and red pepper powder. pH was slowly lowered and stabled after 10 days in all samples. Total acid content increased in all samples. Reducing sugar content initially increased and decreased thereafter. Especially, reducing sugar content of sample B increased in the early stage of fermentation and maintained initial reducing sugar content after 20 days. Total vitamin C content reduced during fermentation in all samples. Especially initial total vitamin C content of sample D increased more than those of other samples relatiely. Lightness and yellowness showed no difference, but on the other hand redness increased gradually in all samples. The number of lactic acid bactgeria reached maximum value in 10~13 days with the total cell numbers and gradually decreased thereafter in all samples. The number of lactic acid bacteria and total cell number of sample D was much more than those of any other samples. As a result of the sensory evaluation, Yulmoo kimchi showed significant difference in all characteristics. Sample D showed the highest scores in all characteristics before 10 days of fermentation. However, after 10 days sample B showed the highest scores.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2010

In this paper, we developed an EM wave absorber having the absorption ability of more than 15 dB for port logistics RFID system by using AMP. Firstly, we fabricated EM wave absorber by using AMP and CPE(Chlorinated Polyethylene) with different composition ratios 80:20 wt.% and 85:15 wt.%. Secondly, we designed the optimum EM wave absorber using the calculated material constants obtained from measured input impedance of the samples. Therefore, EM wave absorber with absorption ability of 17.5 dB at 433 MHz when composition ratio of AMP:CPE=85:15 wt.% and thickness of 5.5 mm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.523-524
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• 2006

The $TiB_2$ dispersion strengthened copper alloy was attracted as thermal and electrical functional material for the high mechanical strength, high thermal stability and good conductivity of $TiB_2$. In the present study, the focus is on the synthesis of $TiB_2$ dispersed copper alloy by spark plasma sintering process using copper oxide and titanium diboride as raw materials. The mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of sintered bodies were discussed with the sintering parameters, and developed microstructure and phase of sintered bodies.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.742-749
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• 2013

In order to find out the possible effects of steamed rice cake with varying addition of macadamia powder on quality improvement, this study applied 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% addition of macadamia powder. As a result, it found that the more addition of macadamia powder led to significantly higher crude oil content. Further it revealed that whit more addition of macadamia powder, it tended to show a lower L value. Also with more addition of macadamia powder a higher b value was shown. According to SEM, it was found that the 0% group showed an inconsistent grain size and porosity, local distribution of big lumps and rough surfaces, whereas more addition of macadamia powder tended to show a large mass formation and smoother cross-section. The 12% group showed a gradually decreasing hardness. According to the results of sensory characteristics, it was found that the 12% group showed the highest level in flavor, nutty, softness, after taste and overall quality. Conclusively, it is found that the preparation of steamed rice cake using macadamia powder is helpful to keep flavor and softness; moreover, it contributes to the overall quality of rice cake.