• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1682-1689
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• 2013

The objective of the present study is to elucidate the physicochemical and microbial properties of Korean traditional rice wine, Makgeolli, supplemented with mulberry during the fermentation process. Four hundred grams of mulberries (20% of the total amount of rice) were ground and incorporated into the rice solution (3.5 L of distilled water, 2.0 kg of rice, 28.0 g of yeast, and 80.0 g of nuruk). The rice solution was then placed in a water bath set at $28^{\circ}C$ and left to ferment for 7 days. The alcohol contents between the control and mulberry Makgeolli were not significantly different. The pH values of the control and mulberry Makgeolli decreased and the total acidity values were elevated after a 7-day fermentation. In the microbial analysis, the total viable cell count, lactic acid bacteria count and yeast count increased considerably through the 7-day fermentation process. For all the samples, the glucose and succinic acid contents were highest among all free sugars and organic acids, respectively. Forty-eight different volatile compounds were found in all the samples after the 7-day fermentation process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.435-442
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• 2017

A catadioptric optical system produces images by refraction and reflection. To improve the image quality, the shape of the secondary mirror supporters should be determined to ensure that the centering error and tilt of secondary mirror are very small, and the main mirror receives the maximum amount of light. Furthermore, random acceleration vibration has a severe effect on the optical system for observation reconnaissance. In order to obtain the best design under these circumstances, the volume of the secondary mirror supporter must be minimized while satisfying the constraints expressed in standard deviations of the centering error and tilt. It is difficult to analytically calculate the design sensitivities of the standard deviations, because they are statistically defined. Hence, after their second-order regression equations were determined using a response surface methodology, an optimal geometric design was obtained. As a result, it was found that the method proposed in this paper, which included a random vibration analysis, was effective in obtaining the optimal design for a secondary mirror supporter with robustness.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to estimate the optimum scale of PLMTP (Public Livestock Manure Treatment Plant) for the efficient management of public sector by long-run cost function. An economic analysis was performed using the survey of 52 PLMTP records collected by Ministry of Environment in 2007. The main results obtained in this study can be summed up as follows. The optimum scale under given environmental conditions turned out to be $180{\sim}200m^3$/day which is almost $1.5{\sim}1.6$ times of the average scale of sample plants, $146m^3$/day. This gap between the optimum and current scale suggests that there remains the possibility of further expansion of scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2017

We developed the breeding materials with diverse grain size and shape in japonica rice. Grain size and shape are important factors affecting consumer preference and choice. However, most of Korean japonica rice cultivars have small, short, and round grain. To diversify the grain size and shape of japonica rice, we conducted the breeding program using donor parents, Jizi1560 and Jizi1581. Jizi1560 and Jizi1581 are japonica germplasm with extremely large grain. Four crosses between the each donor parents and high yielding japonica rice cultivars, Deuraechan and Boramchan, were constructed and then anther culture method was applied. We obtained 290 doubled-haploid (DH) lines with appropriated morphological traits and selected 91 DH lines with diverse grain size and shape. The grain related-traits of the selected DH lines showed a higher diversity when compared with 319 cultivars developed by NICS (264 japonica, 13 black, and 32 Tongil type cultivars). We designated the selected DH lines, four parents, and Daeripbyeo 1, large grain japonica cultivar, as the breeding materials for further analysis. The breeding materials were classified into five groups, A to E, based on the grain-related traits. Group A (including Jizi1581) and Group B (including Daeripbyeo 1) showed similar grain width, whereas Group A exhibited longer grain length and heavier grain weight. Group C (including Deuraechan and Boramchan) showed shorter and rounder grain shape and smaller grain size than any other groups. Group D including solely Jizi1560 had extremely large grain, such as the longest grain length, width, and thickness and heaviest grain weight. Group E including only two DH lines had long and slender grain shape, so that showed the highest ratio of length to width. The grain size and shape of the breeding materials exhibited beyond the characteristics of previously developed Korean japonica cultivars. The breeding materials will be applied in the breeding programs to diversify the grain size and shape of japonica rice.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1976

It is believed that geological survey, drilling and geophysical survey which was carried out on Tertiary deposits in Pohang is a valuable but through the studying of many Tertiary sediments in Japan discovered many questions on analysis of final report prepared by National geological survey. The main reason is: 1. The seismic sound velocity which have regulated in the final report prepared by geological survey for Tertiary deposits in Pohang was 1,500-2,000m/sec in spite of oil bearing sediments of same age in Japan are 2,000-3,800m/sec. These may means the requirement of reconsideration of seismic velocity for Tertiary deposits in Pohang and required to have a dipper drilling. 2. Stratigraphically, geophysically, and paleontologically, the Tertiary deposits in Pahang land area is similar with that of Nishiyama-Hunakawa formations of Akita oil field in Japan. Nishiyama-Hunakawa formation is the main oil bearing formation in Japan. 3. Those valcanic rock including andestitic rock and liparitic rock which have extensively distributed over either at land area or at sea bottom, assumed by geological survey as the base of Tertiary sediments. But in case of Japan many oil bearing deposits are in over laid by these kind of volcanic rock. Therefore a possible of same condition with Japan is presumable on Tertiary sediments in Pohang. 4. It is believed that the Tertiary sediments of land area in Pohang is the extension of offshore basin but is wandering that the final report submitted by geologic survey have not remain any word on report of ECAFE discribed so much problematics as followed: A. Although it was assumed that no great thickness exceeding 1,000 meters, or major structures would be encountered in the Tertiary offshore sequence, it was hoped that shallow hydrocarbon deposits might be found, because these sediment are lithologically similar to those of the same age in the producing area of the northwest Honshu region of Japan where hydrocarbon are extracted from depths of only 500 to 600 meters. B. Four possible hydrocarbon trap conditions are represented in the survey area: anticlinal folds, faults, pinch outs, along the igneous basement and lateral facies changes. C. Most of the prime possible reservoir area are beyond the 50 meter water depth mark, except for the structures in Yonil Bay. D. Despite the shallowness of the offshore basin, sufficient trap condition exist in the area to warrant further exploration for hydrocarbon. 5. All of the problems mentioned above have gave us a strong reasons to have us hesitating to make a final conclusion on Tertiary problems in Pohang, before to have a drill to a depth to 3,000 meters or more whatever it is the Tertiary or a Mesozoics below 1,000 meters.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2019

A novel rapid procedure with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection has been developed by changing various conditions including sample preparation such as QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) methodology. This work has been involved the optimization and validation of detection method for fluoroquinolones which are widespread used in livestock especially in the chicken. Five grams of homogenized chicken muscle were extracted with QuEChERS EN and acetonitrile containing 5% formic acid and cleaned with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and C₁₈ sorbent. The separation was performed on Acquity UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 ㎛) column. The mobile phase A and B were composed of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, respectively. Flow rate was 0.25 mL/min and column temperate was 40℃. LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring has been optimized for ten fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, orbifloxacin, pefloxacin and sarafloxacin). The method developed in this study has been presented good linearity with correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9971~0.9998. LOD and LOQ values ranged from 0.09 to 0.76 ppb and from 0.26 to 2.29 ppb, respectively. The average recoveries were from 77.46 to 111.83% at spiked levels of 10.0 and 20.0 ㎍/kg. Relative standard deviation (%) ranged 1.28~11.90% on intra-day and 3.10~8.38 % on inter-day, respectively. This analysis method was applicable to the livestock residue laboratories and was expected to be satisfactory for the residue surveillance system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 1989

The 113 soils representing the Jisan soil series (fine loamy, mixed, mesic fluventic Haplaquepts) as mapped in Korea were to characterize the Jisan soil throughout its official range which was the range of properties used to establish series limits. The samples were stratified according to master horizon designation for statistical analysis. The means in selected soil properties, horizon thickness, solum thickness, soil texture, clay content, pH, BSP, and horizon sequence, were within acceptable limits. The minimum values were considerably lower than the lower limits of the official ranges while the maximum values were above the allowable amount. The ranges of definition degree which mean the test of proper placement of any marginal limits were 0.687 to 0.929. Thus, Jisan series as mapped from other soil bodies in the field could be seen similarities and understood relationships among individuals.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2015

Phenyllactic acid (PLA) which is known as antimicrobial compound can be synthesized through the reduction of phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB producing PLA was isolated from Korea Kimchi and identified to Lactobacillus plantarum SJ21 by 16 rRNA gene sequence analysis. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) from L. plantarum SJ21 was assessed for both the capability to produce the antimicrobial compound PLA and the antifungal activity against four fungal pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, and Collectotricum aculatum). PLA concentration was investigated to be 3.23mM in CFS when L. plantarum SJ21 was grown in MRS broth containing 5mM PPA for 16 h. PLA production also could be promoted by the supplement of PPA and phenylalanine in MRS broth, but inhibited by the supplement of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and tyrosine as precursors. Antifungal activity demonstrated that all fungal pathogens were sensitive to 5% CFS (v/v) of L. plantarum SJ21 with average growth inhibitions ranging from 27.32% to 69.05% (p<0.005), in which R. solani was the most sensitive to 69.05% and followed by B. cinerea, C. aculatum, and A. oryzae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for commercial PLA was also investigated to show the same trend in the range from $0.35mg\;mL^{-1}$ (2.11 mM) to $0.7mg\;mL^{-1}$ (4.21 mM) at pH 4.0. The inhibition ability of CFS against the pathogens was not affected by heating or protease treatment. However, pH modification in CFS to 6.5 caused an extreme reduction in their antifungal activity. These results may indicate that antifungal activities in CFS were caused by acidic compounds like PLA or organic acids rather than proteins or peptides molecules.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.238-249
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• 2013

Species composition and seasonal variation of aquatic organism in the marine ranchig ground of Taean, Korea were investigated using shrimp beam trawl from January to December 2010. A total of 99 species, $5,355,816ind./km^2$ and $84,697kg/km^2$ of aquatic organism were collected. Among them, fish include 9 orders 33 families 54 species, crustaceans include 2 orders 15 families 30 species, cephalopods consist of 3 orders 4 families 5 species, gastropods include 2 orders 3 families 4 species, echinoidea sp. include 1 order 2 families 2 species, bivalves were composed of 2 orders 2 families 2 species, and holothuroids include 1 family 1 order. According to the dominants by month, Palaemon gravieri was dominant in January, Cynoglossus joyneri was dominant in February, March, and June, and Hexagrammos otakii was dominant, in July. And Oratosquilla oratoria was dominant echinoidea sp. was dominant in April, May, and August and in September, October, November, and December. Cluster analysis based on species composition of the 38 most common species showed that the species were separated into 5 different groups. Group A was composed of species which were abundant in spring and summer, group B was composed of year-round residents, and group C was composed of species which were abundant in autumn.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of brown rice Dasik prepared with different 5 levels(0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) of modified potato starch powder. We assessed the general compositions, Hunter's color values, the mechanical characteristics, and conducted a sensory evaluation analysis of brown rice Dasik at room temperature($20^{\circ}C$). The more modified potato starch powder composition was increased, the content of ash, protein and fat were significantly decreased(p<0.05). We noted that the luminance of samples were increased the more modified potato starch powder composition was increased, but in Hunter's a and b values were decreased. With regard to the mechanical properties of the Dasik samples, we noted significant differences in hardness, gumminess, chewiness but no differences in springiness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness were detected. The more modified potato starch powder composition was increased, the more the score of hardness, gumminess and chewiness were higher. The results of sensory evaluation showed that there were significant differences on the color, sweetness, mouth-feel, chewiness, overall quality of the Dasik samples(p<0.05). The score of brown rice Dasik with 50%(w/w) modified potato starch(BM2) in color, mouth-feel, chewiness, overall quality were significantly increased than those of other samples.