• Title/Summary/Keyword: Axle

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A Study on the Axle Load Limits of Asphalt Concrete Pavements (아스팔트 콘크리트 포장구조체의 제한교통하중에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Soo Il;Choi, Jun Sung
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.67-76
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    • 1992
  • A procedure to determine the axle load limits of asphalt concrete pavements are proposed in this study. Axle load limits are determined by calculating maximum tensile strains at the bottom of the asphalt stabilized base layer and maximum vertical strains at the top of the subgrade. In order to investigate the efficiency of axle configuration, calculated influence line of wheel load on domestic expressway pavement system is used. Limiting strains are selected through the analysis of conventional failure criteria. From the analysis of axle load limits about axle composition(single-axle, tandem-axle, tridem-axle), it is found that the axle load limits of tandem-axle and tridem-axle can be calculated by muitipling the axle load limits of single-axle by axle numbers and that axle load limits are closely related to the thickness of each layer of pavement structure. It is also found that the axle load limits by tensile strains are more critical than those by vertical strains on asphalt concrete pavement models of YOUNG-DONG, KYONG-IN and KYONG-BU expressways.

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Endurance Evaluation and Fatigue Property fo Axle Housing (Axle Housing의 내구성 판단과 피로특성)

  • Byeon, Hui-Mun;Lee, Sun-Bok
    • 한국기계연구소 소보
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    • s.13
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    • pp.3-13
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    • 1984
  • Fatigue failure of axle housing could cause many injuries and much financial loss. This challenges the engineer to improve design decisions involving fatigue. Endurance evaluation of axle housing is great interest to auto-mobile manufacturers for the sake of safety and reliability. Axle housing is subjected to gross vehicle weight(G.V.W)as mean load and alternating load. Theoretical design diagram involving mean and alternating stresses is used for the evaluation of axle housing fatigue endurance with the equivalent stress of fatigue critical area on the axle housing. Four point bending fatigue tests on axle housing with constant amplitude loading at approximately R=0 were performed with 50 ton servohydraulic strucural fatigue testing machine developed at KIMM. Specimens were made with the same material STKM 13B as the axle housing and tested to obtain S_N data. Five specimens of STKM 13B were tested at 253.61 MPa and weibull distribution was obtained at the same stress level. Material data and structural data were compares and fatigue stress property factor and fatigue life property factor were obtained.

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A Review of Rear Axle Steering System Technology for Commercial Vehicles

  • Khan, Haroon Ahmad;Yun, So-Nam;Jeong, Eun-A;Park, Jeong-Woo;Yoo, Chung-Mok;Han, Sung-Min
    • Journal of Drive and Control
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.152-159
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    • 2020
  • This study reviews the rear or tag axle steering system's concepts and technology applied to commercial vehicles. Most commercial vehicles are large in size with more than two axles. Maneuvering them around tight corners, narrow roads, and spaces is a difficult job if only the front axle is steerable. Furthermore, wear and tear in tires will increase as turn angle and number of axles are increased. This problem can be solved using rear axle steering technology that is being used in commercial vehicles nowadays. Rear axle steering system technology uses a cylinder mounted on one of rear axles called a steering cylinder. Cylinder control is the primary objective of the real axle steering system. There are two types of such steering mechanisms. One uses master and slave cylinder concept while the other concept is relatively new. It goes by the name of smart axle, self-steered axle, or smart steering axle driven independently from the front wheel steering. All these different types of steering mechanisms are discussed in this study with detailed description, advantages, disadvantages, and safety considerations.

Study on Design of Railway Hollow Axle (철도차량용 중공차축 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Son, Seungwan;Jung, Hyunsung;Choi, Sungkyou
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.46-54
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    • 2014
  • The hollow design of a railway axle is one of the most effective methods to reduce the weight of an axle. However, the conventional hollow axle has the limitation of a lightweight design because it has the same bore diameter along the axial position. The new type of railway axle, the tapered inner surface railway axle, has a different inner diameter between the journal bearing seat and wheel seat. This design method is one way to increase the weight reduction possibility. The purpose of the present study is to establish and evaluate the design of the tapered inner surface railway axle. The case study and Finite Element Method(FEM) are applied to evaluate the strength of the lightweight railway axle according to the European Norm(EN 13103). Finally, the best design case for reducing the weight of the axle is drawn from the results of the case study.

Structural Design of the Light Weight Axle Beam for Medium Duty Commercial Vehicle Using Hot Press (중형 상용차용 프레스 성형 차축빔의 경량화 설계)

  • Sim, Kijoong;Shin, Hangwoo;Cho, Wonyoung;Choi, Gyoojae;Lee, Youngchoon;Son, Youngho;Jeon, Namjin
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.371-379
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    • 2015
  • This paper represents the structural design of the light weight axle beam for medium duty commercial vehicle using hot press. To reduce the weight of the axle, axle beam of solid type was replaced by hollow type which was made by hot press. According to the change of axle beam structure and manufacturing method, we have to investigate the structural strength and fatigue performance. To verify the axle beam performance, the structural analysis was carried out by simplified axle beam model and various design parameters that are axle beam height, thickness and width. From the analysis results, the light weight axle beam structure was founded and applied the full model analysis. This study will be used as a guidance in development of the light weight axle for medium duty commercial vehicle.

Wavelet-based automatic identification method of axle distribution information

  • Wang, Ning-Bo;Ren, Wei-Xin;Chen, Zhi-Wei
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.63 no.6
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    • pp.761-769
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    • 2017
  • Accurately extracting the axle distribution information of a passing vehicle from bridge dynamic responses experiences a key and challenging step in non-pavement bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM). In this article, the wavelet transformation is adopted and the wavelet coefficient curve is used as a substitute for dynamic response. The driving frequency is introduced and expanded to multi-axle vehicle, and the wavelet coefficient curve on specific scale corresponding to the driving frequency is confirmed to contain obvious axle information. On this basis, an automatic method for axle distribution information identification is proposed. The specific wavelet scale can be obtained through iterative computing, and the false peaks due to bridge vibration can be eliminated through cross-correlation analysis of the wavelet coefficients of two measure points. The integrand function that corresponds to the maximum value of the cross-correlation function is used to identify the peaks caused by axles. A numerical application of the proposed axle information identification method is carried out. Numerical results demonstrate that this method acquires precise axle information from the responses of an axle-insensitive structure (e.g., girder) and decreases the requirement of sensitivity structure of BWIM. Finally, an experimental study on a full-scale simply supported bridge is also conducted to verify the effectiveness of this method.

Identification of the Interior Noise Generated by SUV Axle and Modification of the Structural on Axle System for Noise Reduction (SUV용 액슬의 소음원 규명 및 소음 저감을 위한 액슬의 구조변경에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Ju-Young;Jo, Yoon-Kyeong;Kim, Jong-Youn;Lee, Sang-Kwon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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    • v.16 no.6 s.111
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    • pp.582-592
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    • 2006
  • This paper presents experimental and analytic methods to reduce interior noise generated by car axle. The test vehicle has a whine noise problem at passenger seats. In order to identify transfer path of interior axle noise, the vibration path analysis, the modal analysis and running modal analysis are systematically employed. By using these various methods, it has been founded that the interior noise generated by car axle was air borne noise. To reduce and predict axle noise, various structural modifications are performed by using FEM and BEM techniques, respectively. Through the modification of the axle structure, the air borne noise of the axle was reduced 3$\sim$4 dBA level.

Identification of the Interior noise Generated by Car Axle and Modification of the Structural on Axle System for Noise Reduction (SUV 용 액슬의 소음원 규명 및 소음 저감을 위한 액슬의 구조변경에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Ju-Young;Lee, Sang-Kwon;Jo, Yoon-Kyeong;Kim, Jong-Youn
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2005.11b
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    • pp.180-185
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    • 2005
  • Gear whine noise of the axle and transmission is getting more important for reduction of vehicle noise, because major noise of vehicle was reduced. Therefore, in this paper, axle noise and vibration is measured, then the modal analysis and running modal analysis is applied for identification of axle gear whine noise. And To reduce axle noise, Various structural modifications are performed by using FEM and BEM techniques.

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NOISE REFINEMENT OF A VEHICLE BY REDUCTION OF THE AXLE GEAR WHINE NOISE BASED ON STRUCTURAL MODIFICATION USING FEM AND BEM

  • Kim, S.J.;Lee, J.Y.;Lee, S.K.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.605-614
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    • 2007
  • This paper presents the research results for the reduction of a gear whine noise based on experimental and analytic methods. The test vehicle has a whine noise problem at the passenger seats in a sport utility vehicle. To identify the transfer path of the interior noise due to the axle system, a vibration path analysis, modal analysis and operational deflection shape analysis are systematically employed. By using these various methods, it has been found that the interior noise generated by the axle system was airborne noise. To reduce and predict the whine generated by the axle system, structural modifications for the axle system are performed by using FEM and BEM techniques. The structural modification of the axle cover is suggested for the reduction of whine noise.

Study on Warm Precision Forging of Half Axle Gears

  • Jie Zhou;Yong Zhang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2003.10b
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    • pp.152-157
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    • 2003
  • A typical die-set for enclosed-die forging of half axle gears in double action hydraulic press is presented, the important factors those influence on precision forming of half axle gears are analyzed, warm forming process of half axle gears is simulated by FEM software $DEFORM\_3D$. The results show, that proper die structure and dimension, suitable web thickness and position can improve material filling, ensure full filling of tooth cavity.

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