• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2021

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine is expected to play an important role in stopping the pandemic. Studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are effective at keeping you from getting COVID-19. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine will also help keep you from getting seriously ill even if you do get COVID-19. Efforts to find an effective vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have progressed unprecedentedly through active support from public research grants and private-public partnership programs. Clinical studies have been actively conducted, and some vaccines are being vaccinated with approval for urgent use. The WHO has approved and supplied the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. In Korea, the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was approved for urgent use, and vaccination began on February 26, 2021. In this paper, the efficacy and side effects of each vaccines and the effect on pilots and air traffic controllers related to COVID-19 vaccination were investigated in terms of aviation medicine.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-2
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• 2020

In commemoration of Vol. 30, Issue 1, our journal prepares four review articles and two original papers. The first review article provides guidelines for medical treatment for emergencies in an aircraft furing flight. This guideline addresses the resources and medical equipment available to physicians on board, common medical conditions, how to deal with them, including legal issues. The second review article covers historically meaningful animals that have contributed to aerospace research and the role of a veterinarian. The third one describes cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and vestibular physiological effects of microgravity on the human body. As we are about to enter an aging society, the fourth review article introduces guidelines for safe overseas travel for senior passengers. The role of the aviation medical examiner is to maintain aircrew's health and to help them work long and healthy. In this regard, Choi et al. analyzed the physical examination data and sick leave data of an airline. Han et al. investigated the aerospace medical examination data of the Republic of Korea and suggested a solution to some common health problems of the crew.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2024

Purpose: This study examines the persistent occurrence of railway accidents despite numerous safety devices, highlighting the multifaceted nature of these incidents. Research design, data and methodology: Utilizing the 4M analysis method, the research investigates a decade's worth of accident reported from the Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board to identify risk factors and suggest mitigation measures. Results: The analysis reveals that 57% of railway accidents are attributed to human factors, followed by mechanical (28%), environmental (7%), and management (8%) factors. Conclusions: The study underscores the necessity of prioritizing safety and establishing a unified organizational approach to prevent human error accidents. It calls for an alignment of risk perception between headquarters and field operations, advocating for educational and perceptual changes, as well as systematic improvements to achieve safety goals.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.64-67
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• 2021

When the COVID-19 crisis hit air transport, the whole aviation industry was affected. The change in the behavior of passengers following the COVID-19 crisis, travel restrictions and the ensuing economic crisis have resulted in a dramatic drop in demand for airline services. The COVID-19 pandemic, with all its associated consequences, has had a significant impact on the mental health and well-being of pilots, which could impact operational safety. As the number of international flights has decreased, pilots are exposed to high levels of psychological stress such as job instability, reduced income and increased risk of infection during flight work. Psychological stress lowers work performance and threatens aviation safety. The pilot needs mental health management during the COVID-19 pandemic, but psychological support is weak. For pilot mental health management, it is important to raise awareness about mental health and to continuously respond. To this end, it is necessary to foster a safe and trustworthy culture in which mental health issues are discussed freely and solved together without hiding them. They should also support the establishment of a peer support program that is easily accessible and that allows pilots to discuss their issues with confidence.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.687-697
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• 1999

A finite element analysis has been utilized to analyze stress and strain fields and design a new configuration in orthopedics and implant dentistry. Load transfer and stress analysis at implant bone interface are important factors from treatment planning to long term success. Bone configuration and quality are different according te anatomy of expecting implantation site. The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution in maxilla and mandible accord-ing to implant length and bone engagement types. A three dimensional axi-symmetric implant model(Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) with surrounding cortical and cancellous bone were designed to analyze the effects of bone engagement and implant length on stress distribution. ANSYS 5.5 finite element program was utilized as an interpreting toot. Three cases of unicortical anchorage model with 7, 10, 13 mm length and four cases of bicortical anchorage model with 5, 7, 10 and 13 mm length were compared both maxillary and mandibular single implant situation. Within the limits of study, following conclusions were drawn. 1. There is a difference in stress distribution according to cortical and cancellous bone thickness and shape. 2. Maximum stress was shown at the top of cortical bone area regardless of bone engagement types. 3. Bicortical engagement showed less stress accumulation when compared to unicortical case overall. 4. Longer the implant future length, less the stress on cortical bone area, however there is no difference in mandibular bicortical engagement case.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.254-257
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• 1996

An aorto-coronary bypass graft is frequently adopted for the interventional therapy of the diseased atherosclerotic coronary artery grafting. The bypass artery is often occluded due to restenosis and/or anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia after bypass graft. The optimal aorto-coronary bypass procedure must be studied in order to improve patency rate for the arterial bypass techniques. The objective of this study is to investigate the influences of geometric dimensions of bypass on the hemodynamics around the anastomosis in the stenosed coronary artery with aorto-coronary bypass.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2020

This study aimed to quantify the causes of Korean airline pilots' medical disqualification during 2015~2019. The airline pilot disqualification data is important for grasping what health problems are common to pilots and establishing preventive health care programs. We were able to obtain data from official sources at the Korean Civil Aviation Authority during 2015~2019. The total number of pilots was 29,095, and the number of disqualified professional pilots in Korea was 36. Looking at airline pilots' status by age group, the 40s were the highest with 38%. However, the disqualification rate per 1,000 pilots was the highest in the 60s, at 4.6. When the different diagnostic categories classified the disqualification results, cardiovascular disease was the highest with 12 cases (33.3%), followed by eye disease, malignancy, neurology, psychiatry, otorhinolaryngology, and respiratory disease. The total number of pilots during 2015~2019 was 29,095, and the overall disqualification rate of 1.6/1,000 pilots.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.68-72
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• 2021

As the number of passengers using aircraft increases around the world, there may be more medical measures needed within the aircraft. These medical measures may also include measures against serious situations such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, since the environment is different from the hospital in the aircraft, it may be difficult to cope with such a situation. Moreover, such in-flight CPR may become more difficult at a time when the proportion of out-ofhospital CPR is decreasing due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, I would like to summarize how in-flight CPR is performed and review the main discussions on CPR in the COVID-19 pandemic, and finally suggest how to perform a safe CPR in the COVID-19 situation.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2023

Purpose: This study evaluated maxillary sinus volume changes in military jet aircraft pilot candidates before and after the training program, in comparison with a control group, considering the effects of pressurization, altitude, and total flight hours, through multislice computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Fifteen fighter pilots were evaluated before initiating the training program and after the final approval. The control group consisted of 41 young adults who had not flown during their military career. The volumes of each maxillary sinus were measured individually before and at the end of the training program. Results: When comparing the initial and final volumes in the pilots, a statistically significant increase was observed both in the left and right maxillary sinuses. When evaluating the average total volume of the maxillary sinuses(i.e., the average volume of the right and left maxillary sinuses together), a significant increase in the volume of the maxillary sinuses was observed in the pilot group when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The maxillary sinus volumes in aircraft pilot candidates increased after the 8-month training program. This may be explained by changes in the gravitational force, the expansion of gas, and positive pressure from oxygen masks. This unprecedented investigation among pilots might lead to other investigations considering paranasal sinus alterations in this singular population.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.111-115
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• 1997

The objective of present study is to obtain information about stenosis effects on the blood flow in the coronary artery bifurcation. The three dimensional steady of blood in the coronary artery bifurcation with stenosis and without stenosis are simulated using the finite volume method. Apparent viscosity of blood is represented as a function of shear rate by the Carreau models. Velocities vectors and wall shear stresses along the branch tubes with stenosis are compared with those of without stenosis for steady flows. Flow phenomena in the stenosed branch tubes are discussed extensively.