• IE interfaces
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1998

This paper presents a model for assessing the efficiency of logistics activities in distribution centers. The DEA approach is adopted to compare the relative efficiency of distribution centers, where considered as input and output factors are warehouse floor area, field storage area, average inventory level, overhead costs, number of workers, number of orders, and total value of goods handled. The artificial neural network approach is also adopted to overcome the limitation of DEA. The 12 distribution centers of Korea Telecom are studied for the validation of the model, which results in 84.9% of learning accuracy. This model can be used to identify the inefficient factors in a distribution center and to reveal changes in the degree of efficiency over time.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.6 s.99
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• pp.718-723
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to present a fundamental data for evaluating aircraft noise of building site development. By the field experiments and the predicted equal noise level contours using the INM program, actual condition in the building site development arranged district was investigated. In order to get the results, Analysis of factors effected on noise level, sound level on the rate of increase to aircraft demand and difference on the aircraft noise levels according to floor level in apartment house was carried out. As a result the influence of the take-off and landing direction were appeared greatly. The influences of the height at receiving point, movement number of aircraft and increase to aircraft demand were appeared small And the influence of 1 day average WECPNL must be considered.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1985

This paper aims to present the basic data to establish resonable building maintenance standards by investigating and analyzing the actual conditions of maintenance for service facilities and the problems due to the situation. The subject buildings of investigation are 10 stories and above off ice buildings in Seoul. The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1. The equipment service life related to air-conditioning system is known as around 9years in case of breakdown maintenance and around 13 years in case of preventive maintenance. 2. The total mechanical room area against the total floor area is $4.40\%$, and the ratio of air-conditioning room area is $1.78\%$ on an average.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.261-266
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to compare those 4 most commonly used incisions for exposure of fractures of the infraorbital rim and the orbital floor. The patient's age ranged from 19 to 67 years, the majority being in the 2nd decade. There were 17males and 1 female. Three orbital rim, 5 lower eyelid, 7 subciliary and 3 combined conjunctival-lateral canthotomy incisions were reviewed. Following points were the summury of author's experience. 1. The average scar following any of four incisions is barely noticeable. 2. Adequate fracture exposure was achieved with lower eyelid, orbital rim, subciliary and combined conjunctival-lateral canthotomy incisions. 3. One transient ectropion following subciliary incision occurred in 29-years old man with prolonged postoperative eyelid edema.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1990.04a
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• pp.299-311
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• 1990

A computer simulation model is proposed for selecting effective agrees paths and estimating the evacuation time in case of evacuating all the residents of a building to the safe area. The physical structure of a building is formulated into a network. The followings are considered in the model : the congestion effect to the velocity, the behavioral pattern of the evacuees, and the probabilistic nature of the evacuation process. Coded in SLAM II/PC, the simulation model can generate the output such as evacuation time(max, average), utilization of exits, utilization of passages, floor clearance times, and bottleneck information. The "rigorous" validation of the proposed model is not completed yet but remains to be a future research topic.rch topic.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for forecasting early design construction cost of building projects using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Eighty questionnaires distributed among construction organizations were utilized to identify significant parameters for the building project costs. 169 case studies of building projects were collected from the construction industry in Gaza Strip. The case studies were used to develop ANN model. Eleven significant parameters were considered as independent input variables affected on "project cost". The neural network model reasonably succeeded in estimating building projects cost without the need for more detailed drawings. The average percentage error of tested dataset for the adapted model was largely acceptable (less than 6%). Sensitivity analysis showed that the area of typical floor and number of floors are the most influential parameters in building cost.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.23
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• pp.68-73
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to develop interior construction cost-estimating system at the early stage of the project. Though general construction estimates are typically in quantitative, interior construction should be in rather qualitative. Therefore, design-concerned cost-estimating methods should be developed to manage interior projects from the early statge. 30 estimates of VIP-Zone interior projects, were examined to develop the general type of composition and material classification. The cost has been classified by construction parts such as wall, ceiling, floor, and doors & windows and their treatments. The composition and material related estimating system (CMRES) was consisted of the unit average costs of classification and the variation coefficients. The CMRESS was verified by the case study, and the results sowed that the difference between the actual estimate and the CMRES was competitively confident.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

Indoor radon concentrations were measured using Track-Etch detectors in four (Seoul., Songtan, Dogo, Kunsan) different geological areas in Korea during December 1988 - April 1989. Measurements involving 75 hdmes were made in different rooms of each home. The mean concentrations of indoor radon in the homes by area varied from 2.70 - 3.22 pCi/l. Indoor radon concentrations in rural areas were higher than the corresponding levels in urban areas. The mean radon concentrations in the basements were about 1.3 times higher than those levels measured in the first floor. The mean radon concentrations in the kitchen and bedroom were and 2.86 pCi/l 2.43 pCi/l, respectively, while the living room radon concentrations were 2.61 pCi/l. Energy-efficient homes have a living room level that is on the average 1.4 times higher than normally insulated conventional homes. Approximately 13% of the study homes exceeded 4 pCi/l of radon levels of the U.S. EPA's recommended limit. From these results, radon levels in the homes seemed to correlate strongly with house location relative to geologic formation.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2011

This study proposes a human body orientation tracking system by inertial and earth magnetic sensors. These sensors were fused by indirect Kalman filter. The proposed tracking system was configured and the filter was implemented. The tracking performance was evaluated with static and dynamic tests. In static test, the sensor was fixed on the floor while its static characteristics was analyzed. In dynamic test, the sensor was held and moved manually for 30 seconds. The dynamic test included x, y, z axis rotations, and elbow flection/extension motions that mimic drinking. For these dynamic motions, the tracking angle error was under $4.1^{\circ}$ on average. The proposed tracking method is expected to be useful for various human body motion analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.475-479
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• 2008

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the arterial arcade of maxillary sinus by determining the distance between the alveolar crest and the inferior border of the vessels in Korean population. Materials and methods: 76 patients and 87 available sinuses were determined by CT scan (Implagraphy, Vatech, Seoul, Korea). The distance between alveolar crest and inferior border of the vessel was determined considering the tooth area of posterior maxilla. Results: The lowest distance was observed on first molar area and the average distance is 16.9 mm. Discussions: it is important in sinus lift surgery that the vessels not to be damaged and that the anastomosis is situated in the lateral wall of maxillary sinus, which has to be exposed to gain access to the maxillary sinus. The knowledge of arterial arcade of maxillary sinus is important to perform the sinus floor elevation procedure effectively.