• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1344-1354
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of brown rice (Japonica) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters of weanling pigs. A total of 60 weanling pigs (28-day-old, 30 barrows and 30 gilts, 6.73 ± 0.77 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (6 pigs per pen; 5 replicates per treatment) in a randomized complete block design with the initial BW and sex as blocks. The dietary treatments were a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and the CON replaced 50% of corn with brown rice (BR). Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments for 5 weeks. For the last week of experiment period, pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 1 pig in each pen daily for the last 3 d after the 4-d adjustment period. Blood was collected from randomly selected 1 pig in each pen on d 0, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning. Compared with pig fed CON diet, pigs fed the BR diet were found to have higher (p < 0.05) final BW, overall average daily gain, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter and energy. However, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to average daily feed intake, gain to feed ratio, frequency of diarrhea, and the AID and ATTD of crude protein during overall experimental period. Similarly, there were no significant differences on blood parameters between the groups. Thus, the findings of this study indicate that brown rice (Japonica) can be used to replace 50% of corn in the diet of pigs during the nursery period without negatively affecting growth performance, nutrient digestibility, or blood parameters.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.965-973
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• 2021

The intention of this research is to analyze the effects of lactulose (LAC) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microbial shedding, and fecal noxious gas emissions on weaning pigs in a 42-day trial. Based on the initial body weight and sex, a total of 255 piglets (21 day old) were randomly allocated into one of three dietary treatments with 15 replications and five pigs (two female and three male) per pen. The dietary treatments were as follows: a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (CON) supplemented with 0, 1, and 2 g·kg^-1 of LAC. During phase 1, significant (p < 0.05) increases in the average daily feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) were observed, whereas during phase 2 and overall experimental period, significant improvements (p < 0.05) in the body weight, ADG, and gain to feed ratio were observed in pigs fed a graded level of LAC compared to those fed the CON diet. Additionally, dietary LAC supplementation significantly improved (p < 0.05) the nutrient digestibility dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy in both phase 1 and phase 2. Moreover, the inclusion of LAC supplementation significantly increased (p < 0.05) the fecal Lactobacillus counts and reduced (p > 0.05) the E. coli counts in pigs. Furthermore, LAC supplementation reduced (p > 0.05) fecal ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas emissions during phase 2. The results here indicate that the addition of lactulose at 1 g·kg^-1 and/or 2 g·kg^-1 would be optimal to improve the performance outcomes of weaning piglets.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.371-390
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• 2024

Investigating the impact of openings on the structural behavior of ferrocement I-beams with two distinct types of reinforcing metallic and non-metallic meshes is the primary goal of the current study. Up until failure, eight 250x200x2200 mm reinforced concrete I-beams were tested under flexural loadings. Depending on the kind of meshes used for reinforcement, the beams are split into two series. A control I-beam with no openings and three beams with one, two, and three openings, respectively, are found in each series. The two series are reinforced with three layers of welded steel meshes and two layers of tensar meshes, respectively, in order to maintain a constant reinforcement ratio. Structural parameters of investigated beams, including first crack, ultimate load, deflection, ductility index, energy absorption, strain characteristics, crack pattern, and failure mode were reported. The number of mesh layers, the volume fraction of reinforcement, and the kind of reinforcing materials are the primary factors that vary. This article presents the outcomes of a study that examined the experimental and numerical performance of ferrocement reinforced concrete I-beams with and without openings reinforced with welded steel mesh and tensar mesh separately. Utilizing ANSYS-16.0 software, nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) was applied to illustrate how composite RC I-beams with openings behaved. In addition, a parametric study is conducted to explore the variables that can most significantly impact the mechanical behavior of the proposed model, such as the number of openings. The FE simulations produced an acceptable degree of experimental value estimation, as demonstrated by the obtained experimental and numerical results. It is also noteworthy to demonstrate that the strength gained by specimens without openings reinforced with tensar meshes was, on average, 22% less than that of specimens reinforced with welded steel meshes. For specimens with openings, this value is become on average 10%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in body fat distribution between normal and obese subjects and the relationship between risk factors(fasting blood sugar, blood pressure. fasting serum lipids) and obesity. Measurements of height. weight, skinfold thickness. body circumference. percent body fat. blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and serum lipids were made and a dietary survey was performed on 120(Males 61. Females 59) adult subjects. 1) Among the female subjects, the obese group appeared to have significantly higher centrality of body fat than the normal group. Obese groups of both sexes appeared with higher blood pressure than normal groups. No differences in daily average nutrient intake, fasting blood sugar and fasting serum lipids concentrations were observed between obese and normal groups. 2) In males. the serum triglyceride concentration was observed to have a significantly positive correlation to body weight, body mass index and body circumference, additionally concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed to have significantly positive correlations to the skinfold thickness. but the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol was observed to be significantly negatively correlated to the skinfold thickness. 3) In females. the obese group consumed about 47% of total energy intake at lunch. whereas the normal group consumed about 29% . The food habit score of males appeared to be negatively related to body weight, percent ideal body weight. But the food habit score of females appeared to be negatively related to percent body fat(r=-0.32, p<0.05) .

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5B
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• pp.871-878
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• 2000

A divided matched filter-reference filter(MF-RF) technique for LEO satellite packet transmission is proposed to increase the packet throughput in the presence of severe Doppler shift and fading. To overcome the severe Doppler shift, the divided matched filter is adopted where the integration region of matched filter is divided and ouputs of divided matched filer are added to decide the correct pseudo-noise (PN) phase. To maintain the constant false alarm rate in time varying interference and fading channel, the adaptive threshold for acquisition is obtained from the reference filter. As a performance measure, average acquisition time and packet throughput are used, and the effets of the parameters, i.e., Doppler shift, chip energy to noise ratio, user velocity, standard deviation of shadowing, and preamble length are shown.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1659-1663
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• 2012

New semiconducting polymer, poly[1,4-bis(($E$)-2-(5-bromo-3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)vinyl)benzene], was designed, synthesized and characterized. The structure of polymer was confirmed by $^1H$-NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The polymer was soluble in specific organic solvent. The weight-average molecular weights (MW) of polymer was found to be 11,000 with polydispersity of 1.82. UV-Visible absorption spectrum showed the maximum absorption at 428 nm (in solution) and 438 nm (in film). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of the polymer is -5.36 eV by measuring cyclic voltammetry (CV). A solutionprocessed polymer thin film transistor device shows a mobility of $8.59{\pm}10^{-4}\;cm^2\;V^{-1}\;s^{-1}$, an on/off current ratio of $2.0{\times}10^4$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.206-209
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• 2008

The modified supercritical water treatment method is adopted for hydrolysis of wood powder, Populus alba$\times$glandulosa. This modified method is containing 0.05% HCl or $HNO_3$ as acid catalyst. The supercritical water treatment(SCW) was performed for 1 min. with $350^{\circ}C$, $380^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$ and $425^{\circ}C$, respectively, under 230 $\pm$ 10 atm using continuous flow system. When acid was added to powder prepared for SCW treatment, the yields of monomeric sugars were significantly increased. The lignin remained after supercritical treatment was applied to gel permeation chromatography(GPC) for molecular weight distribution analysis. Compared to the lignin produced from SCW treatment without acid catalyst, the average molecular weight of lignin compounds treated with acid was clearly decreased. Particularly, Mn/Mw ratio is decreased. This result shows supercritical water treatment of wood powder can change the molecular weight of lignin to small size. However, it is necessary to be further studied for exactly characterizing the lignin produced from supercritical water treatment.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.797-803
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• 2013

In this paper, we fabricated insulator thin films by plasma polymerization method for organic thin film transistor's insulator layer. For improving the electrical characteristics of organic transistor, we treated the semiconductor thin film with $O_2$ plasma. As results, the surface energy of organic transistor was increased from $38mJ/m^2$ to $72mJ/m^2$ and the mobility of organic transistor was increased $0.057cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$, that is increased 29% average ratio. Therefore, we have known that oragnic transistor's mobility can improve with plasma treatment of semiconductor thin film's surface.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 1979

When the ${\gamma}-ray$ of average energy 375KeV emitted by Ir-192 is exposed to each film through lead foil with various thickness, the film sensitivity will be different according to the thickness of lead foil and film type. The results on the study, different density and sensitive ratio appeared depending on exposed time and film type, but was made on the following common points. 1. The effect of film sensitivity by the front lead foil showed rapid increase up to the thickness of more or less 0.03mm, and the thicker lead foil was decreased more in the thickness of about $0.05{\sim}0.09mm$. 2. The effect of film sensitivity by the back lead foil was increased up to around of $0.03{\sim}0.08mm$ thickness, the maximum sensitivity was obtained in the thickness of more than $0.03{\sim}0.08mm$ without any change in the above effect. 3. The sensitivity of front lead foil was higher than that of back lead foil in thin lead foil with about 0.127mm thickness, but the sensitivity of back lead foil was higher than that of front lead foil when thickness became thicker.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1429-1432
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• 2000

Three groups of 7, 8 and 8 barrows (22 weeks age; 35 kg body weight), reared on grower diets were fed ad libitum on three isonitrogenous finisher diets containing 50, 71 and 92% wheat bran by replacing maize grain till the attainment of about 74 kg slaughter weight. Growth pattern, average daily gain, feed intake, feed/gain ratio and carcass traits were similar in all the groups. The digestibility of DM, OM, CF, NFE total carbohydrate and energy (DE) decreased (p<0.01) with the increased level of wheat bran in the diet. However, CP digestibility was comparable among all the diet and the digestibility of EE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in grainless diet ($FD_3$). It appears that maize grain may be completely replaced with wheat bran in the diet of crossbred pigs without any adverse effect on their performance with respect to feed intake, body weight gain and carcass characteristics.