• Title/Summary/Keyword: Average data rate

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Provider's Behavior Change after the Public Release of the Information on the Cesarean Section Rate (제왕절개 분만율 공표 후 요양기관의 분만행태 변화)

  • 고수경;신순애;김기영;김창엽
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.121-150
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to investigate provider's behavior change after releasing the information on the Cesarean section rate. Claims data filed at the National Health Insurance Corporation was used for this analysis and the focus of this study was the change of cesarean rate after the public disclosure of information. Average rates of the year 1999 and 2000 were compared, on the institutional basis, and range and coefficient of variation were estimated. For the last decade, Cesarean section rate has been increased dramatically. Clinical or demographic factors could not adequately explain the increase. Instead, nonclinical factors, such as financial incentive, physician's convenience, practice characteristics, etc., were more significant in explaining the increasing rate. Providers' behavior was significantly affected by the public release of information: after the release, average rate was decreased by 10.2%, and variations were also decreased. In particular, the extent of decrease was explained mainly by nonclinical factor rather than clinical ones. The results suggest that disseminating practice information to providers and consumers could contribute to reducing unnecessary medical service.

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Performance Comparison of CDMA and TDMA protocols in radio access system for Integrated Voice/Data Services (음성 및 데이터서비스를 위한 무선접속시스템에서 CDMA와 TDMA방식의 성능비교)

  • 고종하;양영님;이정규
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.24 no.6A
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    • pp.820-831
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, we have compared the performance of a D-TDMA protocol with that of a CDMA protocol, in radio access system for integrated voice/data services.The D-TDMA protocol is based on a generic dynamic channel assignment approach to be followed a combination of “circuit mode” reservation for voice calls, along with dynamic first-come-first served assignment of remaining capacity for data messages. In the CDMA protocol, we have used the voice activity detection to reduce the interface power of other mobiles in internal and external cells, and analyzed the interference power ratio. Also we have computed BER(Bit Error Rate) by using this interference power ratio and evaluated voice blocking probability(voice packet loss probability) and data transmission delay, according to average data length and average data arrival rate.We have found the CDMA protocol achieves comparatively higher performance for short data length, regardless of data arrival rate. Otherwise, the data transmission delay of D-TDMA protocol is shorter than that of the CDMA protocol for long data message.

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Analysis of the wastewater characteristics variation in sewerage by rehabilitation (관거 정비에 따른 하수발생특성 분석)

  • Jung, SiMon;Park, InHyeok;Park, JungHa;Ha, SungRyoung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 2009
  • The study involved the measurement of flowrate and BOD in the Yeoju area and analyzed annual sewerage data by the I/I analysis technique which is common in Korea. The results of this study are as follows. The I/I for the Y-1 site before maintenance and after the completion of the whole process was reduced from 62% to 16.1% respectively with respect to maximum sewage flow per day. The average quality of water increased. The study measured the Y-2 site from a point of time corresponding to an 80% process rate and its I/I rate went up a little from 8.5% to 11.5%. At the Y-3 site, the I/I rate went up a little from 11% to 13.8%, while little change was noted in the average water quality. At the Y-4 site, the I/I rate was reduced from 43% to 16.9% and its average water quality went up. At the Y-5 site, the I/I quantity went up a little however its average water quality also went up largely. Therefore, it was concluded that the Y-5 site showed great improvement due to the sewer pipe maintenance.

The Management Factors of Medical Expenditure Reduction and Recovery of Hospital Health Insurance Department (의료기관 진료비 삭감율 및 이의신청 회수율과 관련되는 관리요인)

  • Park, Hyun-Suk
    • Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.46-75
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    • 2008
  • Main objective of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the reduction and recovery rate of hospital health insurance review departments of Korean tertiary hospitals, general hospitals and hospitals. A nationwide mail survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for chiefs and members of health insurance review departments of 178 hospitals, and data from 1,064 respondents were utilized in the final analysis. Major findings are as follows: 1) Monthly average reduction rate of surveyed hospitals was 1.18% for inpatients and 0.56% for outpatients. Also, average recovery rates from protests were 45.7% and 53.6%, respectively. 2) Average ages of health insurance review department employees were 41.5 for chiefs and 34.9 for members, and their average working period was 6.64 years. 69.1% of the respondents felt stress in their jobs, and they suggested 'communication problems with doctors' along with 'heavy workloads' as major reasons for the stress. 3) Reduction rates decreased and recovery rates increased when separate member in charge was assigned to each medical department, when health insurance review departments periodically provided medical parts with related education, and when the members participated in various committees.

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Application of peak load for industrial water treatment plant design (공업용수 정수장 설계시 첨두부하 적용방안)

  • Kim, Jinkeun;Lee, Heenam;Kim, Dooil;Koo, Jayong;Hyun, Inhwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.225-231
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    • 2016
  • Peak load rate(i.e., maximum daily flow/average daily flow) has not been considered for industrial water demand planning in Korea to date, while area unit method based on average daily flow has been applied to decide capacity of industrial water treatment plants(WTPs). Designers of industrial WTPs has assumed that peak load would not exist if operation rate of factories in industrial sites were close to 100%. However, peak load rates were calculated as 1.10~2.53 based on daily water flow from 2009 to 2014 for 9 industrial WTPs which have been operated more than 9 years(9-38 years). Furthermore, average operation rates of 9 industrial WTPs was less than 70% which means current area unit method has tendency to overestimate water demand. Therefore, it is not reasonable to consider peak load for the calculation of water demand under current area unit method application to prevent overestimation. However, for the precise future industrial water demand calculation more precise data gathering for average daily flow and consideration of peak load rate are recommended.

Investigation of the Proper Density for Rearing Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae (흰점박이꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis)의 유충사육 시 적정밀도 규명)

  • Choi, Sung-Up;Choi, In-Hag;Son, Jin-Sung;Chung, Tae-Ho
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.191-194
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to provide information and data for the management of insect breeding farms by identifying the appropriate density when rearing Protaetia brevitarsis larvae. The breeding box of the insects was filled with 2 L of fermented sawdust on a 50 × 35 × 15 cm sheet of plastic, and the density of the treatments was 200, 300 and 400 P. brevitarsis in the first, second, and third larval stages. Each treatment was repeated five times, and the sawdust medium was replaced three times (10 intervals). The experiments were conducted for a total of 30 days from March 1, 2020. Overall, 200 P.brevitarsis in the first, second, and third larval stages reared in the breeding box had a higher average survival rate and lower average mortality rate, thereby contributing to efficient production. In conclusion, this result suggests a way to increase production efficiency through the environmental management of insect breeding farms.

The Analysis of the Transportation Process of Mokpo Port (목포항 운송과정의 분석)

  • Nam, M.U.;Lee, C.Y.;Park, G.K.;Yun, M.O.
    • Journal of Korean Port Research
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.33-43
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    • 1995
  • Korean economic and industrial structure has been seperated into some areas with the trend of the change to the bloc system of international economy: the Gyeongin including the capital area, the Middle-West, the South-West, the South-East, and the Eastern sea areas. Mokpo port has played a major role as the central one of the South-West area and the entrance of Yeong-san river of Jeonnam province gate. Some studies has been done on the Mokpo port, but there is no research of the analytical approach about it. In this paper, we analyze the data of 1994's on the domestic and oceangoing piers in the Mokpo port and simulate the transportation process of it through a queueing model. The results of the simulation are summarized as follows: The average arrival interval of the domestic vessel is 6.034 hours. The average service time and the berth utility rate are 24.056 hours and over 100%, respectively. The average arrival interval of the oceangoing vessel is 34.48 hours. The average service time and the berth utility rate are 120.04 hours and the 34.91%, respectively. The proposal to improving of the Mokpo port as follows: It is desirable to extend the capacity of domestic pier to about 50% for the optimal utility rate of 70% and in the case of oceangoing pier to be increase 65% of the vessel capacity for the optimal utility rate of 70%.

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A STUDY ON THE ORAL HEALTH STATUS AND THE DETECTABLE DENTAL NEEDS OF THE TOTALLY BLIND PERSONS (맹인의 구강보건관리실태 및 구강보건진료수요에 관한 조사연구)

  • Chang, Kee-Wan
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
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    • v.22 no.11 s.186
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    • pp.979-989
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    • 1984
  • The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for oral health program planning of the totally blind persons. The author had surveyed oral health status and dental needs of 268 totally blind persons aged from 7 years old to 29 in Seoul, Korea, Thereafter, the toothbrushing frequency, df rate, dft index, DMF rate, DMFT index, restorative treatment requirement, bridge status, periodontal status, and periodontal requirement were calculated and discussed. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The average toothbrushing frequency was 2.53 times a day, and the average toothbrushing frquency after eating was 2.12 times a day. 2. DMF rate was 53.73%, and DMFT index was 2.12. 3. the average number of teeth required restorative treatment due to dental caries was 1.95. 4. Oral hygiene instruction was required in 15.30%, oral porphylaxis and oral hygiene instruction in 58.58%, periodontal therapy in 10.14%. %. Incremental dental care system was recommended to improve dental health status of the totally blind persons.

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Average Rate Performance of Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Relaying in Asymmetric Fading Channels

  • Park, Jae-Cheol;Song, Iick-Ho;Lee, Sung-Ro;Kim, Yun-Hee
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.250-256
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    • 2011
  • A two-way relaying (TWR) system is analyzed, where two source terminals with unequal numbers of antennas exchange data via an amplify-and-forward relay terminal with a single antenna. In the system considered herein, the link quality between the sources and relay can generally be asymmetric due to the nonidentical antenna configuration, power allocation, and relay location. In such a general setup, accurate bounds on the average sum rate (ASR) are derived when beamforming or orthogonal space time block coding is employed at the sources. We show that the proposed bounds are almost indistinguishable from the exact ASR under various system configurations. It is also observed that the ASR performance of the TWR system with unequal numbers of source antennas is more sensitive to the relay location than to the power allocation.

Impact of climate variability and change on crop Productivity (기후변화에 따른 작물 생산성반응과 기술적 대응)

  • Shin Jin Chul;Lee Chung Geun;Yoon Young Hwan;Kang Yang Soon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.12-27
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    • 2000
  • During the recent decades, he problem of climate variability and change has been in the forefront of scientific problems. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of climate variability on crop growth and yield. The growth duration was the main impact of climate variability on crop yield. Phyllochronterval was shortened in the global worming situations. A simple model to describe developmental traits was provided from heading data of directly seeded rice cultivars and temperature data. Daily mean development rate could be explained by the average temperature during the growth stage. Simple regression equation between daily mean development rate(x) and the average temperature(y) during the growth period as y = ax + b. It can be simply modified as x = 1/a $\ast$ (y-b). The parameters of the model could depict the thermo sensitivity of the cultivars. On the base of this model, the three doubled CO2 GCM scenarios were assessed. The average of these would suggest a decline in rice production of about 11% if we maintained the current cultivars. Future cultivar's developmental traits could be suggested by the two model parameters.

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