• Title/Summary/Keyword: Average data rate

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서울지역 아파트 평당 연평균 가격상승률 결정요인 분석 (Analysis of the Determinants on the Annual Average Price Rising Rate for Pyeong of Apartment Housing in Seoul)

  • 길기석;이주형
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.63-72
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the building, site, and region characteristic factors on the annual average price rising rate of apartment housing in Seoul. The data were consisted of 272 apartment units in Seoul. A survey included checking the drawing documents and interview with apartment maintenance staffs and real estate agencies from October 2006 to February 2007. Data were analyzed with descriptives, frequency, crosstabs, and linear regression by SPSS/PC for Window. The linear regression model was employed to evaluate the price rising rate in apartment housing. Following results were obtained. The price rising rate for pyeong ($3.3m^2$) of apartment housing was determinated by the district zone, the construction company's brand name, the building age, the building stories, the floor space index, the building-to-land ratio, the green space rate, and the distance from the downtown. Especially, the district zone was the most important factor that affected the price rising of apartment housing in Seoul. Therefore, the policy has to focus to solve the imbalance between autonomous districts with the collaborated tax.

窓口Queuing System의 Simulation에 관한 事例 硏究 (A studying example on simulation of the Queuing system of the window Box)

  • 양해술
    • 정보과학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.49-60
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    • 1987
  • 待期 理論(Queuing, waiting-Line Theory)은 例을 지어 待期하고 있는 現 象, 즉 各種 窓口에서 特定의 서어비스를 提供받기 위하여 個體가 기다리는 現象 에 관한 理論이며, 이와같은 理論的인 現象을 待期行列現象(Queuing phenomena, Waiting-Line phenomena)이라고 한다.

A Novel WBAN MAC protocol with Improved Energy Consumption and Data Rate

  • Rezvani, Sanaz;Ghorashi, S. Ali
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제6권9호
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    • pp.2302-2322
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    • 2012
  • Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are introduced as an enabling technology in tele-health for patient monitoring. Designing an efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the main challenge in WBANs because of their various applications and strict requirements such as low level of energy consumption, low transmission delay, the wide range of data rates and prioritizing emergency data. In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol to provide different requirements of WBANs targeted for medical applications. The proposed MAC provides an efficient emergency response mechanism by considering the correlation between medical signals. It also reduces the power consumption of nodes by minimizing contention access, reducing the probability of the collision and using an efficient synchronization algorithm. In addition, the proposed MAC protocol increases the data rate of the nodes by allocating the resources according to the condition of the network. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed MAC protocol outperforms IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol in terms of power consumption level as well as the average response delay. Also, the comparison results of the proposed MAC with IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocol show a tradeoff between average response delay and medical data rate.

PAR기법을 이용하여 유지보수 영향을 고려한 고장 데이터의 보정기법에 관한 연구 (A Study on Revision Method of Historical Fault Data Considering Maintenance Effect to Use Proportional Aging Reduction(PAR))

  • 추철민;김재철;문종필;이희태;박창호
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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    • pp.9-11
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    • 2006
  • This paper suggests a revision method for historical fault data using Proportional Aging Reduction(PAR) to consider maintenance effect in time-varying failure rate. In order to product time-varying failure rate, the historical fault data are necessary. However, the maintenance record could be left out in historical data by spot operator's mistake. In this case, the failure rate is produced less than the average failure rate for increasing equipments' life-time by maintenance effect. Hence, it is necessary for new time-varying failure rate to extract maintenance effect from the existing fault data. In this paper, the revision method to reduce equipments' life-time, adversely using PAR among three techniques to consider maintenance effect.

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2012-2016년 모니터링 자료를 이용한 낙동강 지류·지천 수질 특성 분석 (Water Quality Analysis in Nakdong River Tributaries Using 2012-2016 Monitoring Data)

  • 손영규;나승민;임태효;김상훈
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.680-688
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    • 2017
  • Water quality monitoring for flow rates and BOD/COD/T-N/T-P/SS/TOC concentrations has been conducted in Nakdong river tributaries since 2011. In this study concentrations and loading rates of BOD, T-P, and TOC were analyzed to evaluate water quality monitoring stations using accumulated data at 206 tributary monitoring stations in Nakdong river 2012 ~ 2016. Average concentration ranges for 206 monitoring stations were 0.3 ~ 6.4 mg/L, 0.025 ~ 1.562 mg/L, and 0.6 ~ 10.7 mg/L for BOD, T-P, and TOC, respectively. Additionally, average loading rate ranges were 0.96 ~ 46,040 kg/d, 0.087 ~ 1,834 kg/d, and 1.51 ~ 80,425 kg/d for BOD, T-P, and TOC, respectively. Average concentration for BOD, T-P, and TOC at each monitoring station was evaluated using ambient water quality standards of rivers and water quality regulation level for medium-sized management areas. Average loading rate and specific loading rate (loading rate/drainage basin area) for BOD, T-P, and TOC at each monitoring station was considered to evaluate monitoring stations using suggested classification (BOD, TOC: -1, 1 ~ 10, 10 ~ 100, 100 ~ 1,000, and 1,000 ~ kg/d; T-P: -0.1. 0.1 ~ 1, 1 ~ 10, 10 ~ 100, and 100 ~ kg/d) Using results of this study, various water quality status maps were provided, and three evaluation methods were suggested to determine priority monitoring stations in Nakdong river for rational water quality control and tributaries basin management.

Precoded OFDMA with Superimposed Pilots

  • Kim, Sung-Hwan;Jung, Sung-Yoon
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제34권11C호
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    • pp.1059-1066
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we propose the precoder with superimposed pilots for orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems in order to enhance the transmission efficiency of the system and reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) which is the problem in OFDMA uplink. In wireless communication systems, the way to improve transmission efficiency is 1) to reduce bit error rate (BER) or 2) to increase data rate. In the proposed scheme, we design the precoder and superimposed pilots in the transmitter and use them in the receiver for increasing data rate, caused by the saved transmission bandwidth thanks to the superimposed pilots. In addition, we improve BER performance with the help of the frequency diversity gain caused by precoding. Also using superimposed pilots, we enhance the PAPR performance by increasing the average output power of the signal.

이동형 위성단말을 위한 20 GHz 대역 채널 특성 분석 (Analysis of Channel Characteristics at Around 20 GHz for Satellite On-The-Move Terminal)

  • 권건섭;허종완;황기민;임철민;유흥균
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.223-234
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    • 2014
  • 본 논문은 위성통신 시스템에서 OTM(On-The-Move: 이동형) 위성단말이 운용되는 지역의 채널 특성을 분석한 결과를 다룬다. 무궁화 5호 위성의 20 GHz 대역 수신 신호를 이용하여 대전~대천까지 실 주행시험을 수행하였고, 측정 결과를 고속도로 환경과 국도 환경 두 부분으로 구분하여 통계적 분석을 수행하였다. 통계적 분석에는 확률밀도 함수와 Markov 모델을 이용하여 위성 채널의 특성을 분석하였고, 더불어 국도 환경과 고속도로 환경에서 수신 전력의 임계값 설정에 따른 ACD(Average Connection Duration), AFD(Average Fade Duration), LCR(Level Crossing Rate)을 각각 제시하고, 서로 비교하였다.

다중 반송파 부호분할 다중접속 통신에서의 주파수 효율 향상을 위한 효율적인 전력 및 전송률 적응화 기법 (Efficient Power and Rate Adaptation Strategy for Improved Spectral Efficiency in Multi-Carrier DS-CDMA Communications)

  • 이예훈;김동호
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제38A권8호
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    • pp.697-703
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    • 2013
  • 다중 반송파를 사용하는 직접 대역확산 부호분할 다중접속 통신시스템에서 주파수 효율 향상을 위한 전송 전력 및 전송률 적응화 시스템을 제안하고 그 성능을 분석하였다. 본 논문에서는 수신단에서 이상적인 채널상태 정보를 알고 있다는 가정 하에, 주파수 영역에서는 각 사용자의 부채널 중에서 가장 채널상태가 좋은 한 대역을 선택하여 전력을 할당하고 시간 영역에서는 목표 수신 품질을 만족하도록 전송률을 결합 조정하는 것을 제안하였다. 수학적 분석을 통하여 평균 전송 전력이 고정되어 있을 때 제안한 방식의 평균 데이터 전송률을 구하고 전력 혹은 전송률 적응화가 적용된 단일 반송파 부호분할 다중접속 통신시스템과 그 성능을 비교하였다.

Food Ingestion Factors of the Korean Exposure Factors Handbook

  • Jang, Jae-Yeon;Jo, Soo-Nam;Kim, Sun-Ja;Myung, Hyung-Nam;Kim, Cho-Il
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.18-26
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to establish food ingestion factors needed to assess exposure to contaminants through food ingestion. The study reclassified the raw data of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2001 into 12 subcategories including grain products, meat products, fish and shellfish, and vegetables for international comparability of exposure evaluation. The criteria for food intake calculation were unified according to the characteristics of food groups, and recommended values for food ingestion factors were calculated through moisture correction and recategorization of cooked, processed, and mixed foods for each group. The average intake rate for grain and grain products was 6.25 g/kg-d per capita and the men's intake rate was approximately 8% higher than that of the women. The average intake rate of meat and meat products was 1.62 g/kg-d per capita and the men's intake rate was 30% higher than that of the women, on average. The average intake rate of fish and shellfish was 1.53 g/kg-d per capita, and the age groups of 1 to 2 and 3 to 6 recorded higher capita intake rates than other age groups, 2.62 g/kg-d and 2.25 g/kg-d, respectively. The average intake rate of vegetables was 6.47 g/kg-d per capita, with the age group of 1 to 2 recording the highest per capita intake rate of 9.79 g/kg-d and that of 13 to 19 recording the lowest mean. The study also offers recommended values for food ingestion factors of other food groups by gender, age, and region. The food ingestion exposure factors will need future updates in consideration of ongoing changes in food consumption behavior.

공공투자사업의 입·낙찰 분석 (Analysis on Procurement Auction System in Public Procurement Service)

  • 김정욱
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.144-170
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    • 2010
  • 공공투자사업에서는 최저가낙찰제, 턴키 제도, 대안입찰제 등 다양한 방식이 사용되고 있다. 최근 가격경쟁을 통한 효율성 제고를 주목적으로 하는 최저가낙찰제가 확대되어 시행되고 있다. 본 논문은 우리나라 입 낙찰 제도의 현황과 특징을 파악하고, 대형 공공투자사업에 주로 적용되는 최저가 낙찰제, 턴키 대안 입찰제도하에서의 가격 경쟁효과가 직접적으로 드러나는 낙찰률을 비교 분석하는 것에 의미가 있다. 각 입찰제도의 성과는 경쟁의 행태에 달려 있음을 고려하여 경쟁률과 낙찰률을 중심으로 여러 입찰제도의 입 낙찰 현황을 분석하였다. 1,000억원 이상 사업의 경우 최저가낙찰제하에서 평균 입찰참여자 수는 33.75명, 평균 낙찰률은 61.18%로 나타나, 턴키 대안 입찰제의 평균 입찰참여자 수 2.94명, 평균 낙찰률 90.20%와 큰 차이를 보였다. 최저가낙찰제의 경우 규모의 차이를 고려한다 하더라도 낙찰률이 현저히 낮으며, 경쟁의 정도가 심한 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 낙찰률의 차이는 근본적으로 제도의 차이로 해석할 수 있으며, 경쟁의 차이로도 일부 해석할 수 있다. 민간투자사업의 경우, 평균 입찰참여자 수는 1.88명이며, 평균 낙찰률은 90%에 이르고 있어 경쟁 활성화를 통해 효율성을 제고할 여지가 있음을 제시하였다.

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