• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.343-346
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• 2017

Background: Long working hours adversely affect worker safety and health. In 2004, Korea passed legislation that limited the work week to 40 hours, in an effort to improve quality-of-life and increase business competitiveness. This regulation was implemented in stages, first for large businesses and then for small businesses, from 2004 to 2011. We previously reported that average weekly working hours decreased from 2006 to 2010, based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey. Methods: In the present study, we examine whether average weekly working hours continued to decrease in 2014 based on the 2014 Korean Working Conditions Survey. Results: The results show that average weekly working hours among all groups of workers decreased in 2014 relative to previous years; however, self-employed individuals and employers (who are not covered by the new legislation) in the specific service sectors worked > 60 h/wk in 2014. Conclusion: The Korean government should prohibit employees from working excessive hours and should also attempt to achieve social and public consensus regarding work time reduction to improve the safety, health, and quality-of-life of all citizens, including those who are employers and self-employed.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine nursing students' attitude toward death and perception on hospice care. Methods: The survey was performed with 277 nursing students in three universities in Daegu and Busan. The data was collected by questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Regarding the attitude on death, 93.9% of the subjects had ever thought about death. They worried about separation and sadness with family (39.7%). About half (48.7%) of the subjects considered death as a final process of the life. With regard to the perception of hospice, 93% of the subjects heard about hospice through books or nursing courses (83.8%). The best hospice management institution was considered the one run by religious groups or non-profit organizations with government support (33.9%). Ideal model of hospice setting in Korea was hospital or institution specialized with hospice care (47.7%). The barriers the subjects thought to effective hospice care in Korea was the lack of the public consensus on the need for hospice program (37.9%). The average perceptions about the purpose of hospice care was 4.38, whereas, the average of the need of hospice care was 4.06. Conclusion: The findings of the study provides the basis for expanding nursing practice and education related to hospice care.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine nursing students' attitude toward death and perception on hospice care. Methods: The survey was performed on 103 nursing students in one university in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do. The data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Regarding the attitude toward death, 90.3% of the students had thought about death. They worried about sense of loss and sadness due to parting with family (31.1%). About half (51.5%) of the students considered death as a final process of the life. With regard to the perception of hospice, 92.2% of the students heard about hospice through books or nursing classes (65.0%). Public institutions running by government was considered to the students as the best hospice management institution (44.7%). The students thought a ideal model of hospice setting in Korea was hospital or institution specialized with hospice care (51.5%). They considered the barriers to effective hospice care in Korea was the lack of the public consensus on the need for hospice program (35.9%). The average perceptions about the purpose of hospice care was 4.33 whereas the average of the need of hospice care was 3.85. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide the basis for expanding nursing practice and education related to hospice care.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.45-47
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• 2006

Cleft palate is a congenital deformity condition with separation of the two sides of the lip resulting in nose deformity. Evaluation of surgical corrections and outcome assessments for nose deformity due to the cleft lip depends mainly on doctor's subjective judgment. An objective method for evaluation of the condition and surgical outcome of nose deformity due to the cleft palate is needed. This study aimed at objective assessment of a cleft palate nose deformity condition by analyzing the following parameters obtained from photographic images of a cleft palate patients: (1) angle difference between two nostril axes. (2) center of the nostril and distance between two centers. (3) overlapped area of two nostrils, and (4) the overlapped area ratio of the two nostrils. A regression equation of doctor's grades was obtained using the eight parameters. Three plastic surgeons gave us the grades for the each photographic image by 10 increments with maximum grade of 100. The average reproducibility of the grades given by the three plastic surgeons and the three laymen using the developed program was $10.8{\pm}4.6%$ and $7.4{\pm}1.8%$, respectively. Kappa values representing the degree of consensus of the plastic surgeons and the three laymen were 0.43 and 0.83. respectively. Correlation coefficient of the grades evaluated by the surgeons and obtained by the neural network was 0.798. In conclusion. the developed neural network model provided us better reproducibility and much better consensus than doctor's subjective evaluation in addition to objectiveness and easy application.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose an automatic method which combines two or more images acquired by camera on the air-vehicle into a larger image mosaics. The shift, scaling, rotation factors between two images can be calculated by using the correspondences between the points of the images. In order to estimate these factors, we find the relative positions of two images with respect to each other by using the SIFT descriptor and the RANSAC algorithm. After estimating the factors, the images can be merged into a single image mosaic by warping the target image. To avoid seams when mosaics are constructed from overlapped images, we apply the average gray level value of points within a overlapped zone. We have tested our proposed method on various image sets and have confirmed that our method produced good result subjectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 2007

The subtle but significant differences and thereby the lack of consensus in active site structures among the crystal structures of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) has hampered structure-based drug design. In this study, we devised a simple but effective ‘mutation, pharmacophore-guided docking, followed by mutation' strategy to generate an “average” CDK2 structure, which was used for ligand docking study to successfully reproduce 30 out of 32 X-ray ligand positions within 2.0 A of heavy atom RMSD. This novel docking method was applied for structure-based 3D QSAR with CoMSIA study of a series of structurally related ligands, which showed a good discrimination between CDK2 binders and nonbinders.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2013

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is increasingly used to treat spinal metastases. To achieve the highest steep dose gradients and conformal dose distributions of target tumors, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques are essential to spine radiosurgery. The purpose of the study was to qualitatively compare IMRT and VMAT techniques with International Spine Radiosurgery Consortium (ISRC) contoured consensus guidelines for target volume definition. Planning target volume (PTV) was categorized as TB, $T_{BPT}$ and $T_{ST}$ depending on sectors involved; $T_B$ (vertebral body only), $T_{BPT}$ (vertebral body+pedicle+transverse process), and $T_{ST}$ (spinous process+transverse process). Three patients treated for spinal tumor in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar region were selected. Eacg tumor was contoured by the definition from the ISRC guideline. Maximum spinal cord dose were 12.46 Gy, 12.17 Gy and 11.36 Gy for $T_B$, $T_{BPT}$ and $T_{ST}$ sites, and 11.81 Gy, 12.19 Gy and 11.99 Gy for the IMRT, RA1 and RA2 techniques, respectively. Average fall-off dose distance from 90% to 50% isodose line for $T_B$, $T_{BPT}$, and $T_{ST}$ sites were 3.5 mm, 3.3 mm and 3.9 mm and 3.7 mm, 3.7 mm and 3.3 mm for the IMRT, RA1 and RA2 techniques, respectively. For the most complicated target $T_{BPT}$ sites in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions, the conformity index of the IMRT, RA1 and RA2 is 0.621, 0.761 and 0.817 and 0.755, 0.796 and 0.824 for rDHI. Both IMRT and VMAT techniques delivered high conformal dose distributions in spine stereotactic radiosurgery. However, if the target volume includes the vertebral body, pedicle, and transverse process, IMRT planning resulted in insufficient conformity index, compared to VMAT planning. Nevertheless, IMRT technique was more effective in reducing the maximum spinal cord dose compared to RA1 and RA2 techniques at most sites.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.157-164
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to report the current trends in the management of the hallux valgus (HV) deformity over the last few decades through a survey of the Korean Foot and Ankle Society (KFAS) members. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire containing 34 questions was sent to all KFAS members in September 2021. The questions were mainly related to the preferred techniques and clinical experience in correction in patients with an HV deformity. Answers with a prevalence of ≥50% of respondents were considered a tendency. Results: One hundred and nine (19.8%) of the 550 members responded to the survey. The most common symptom for determining surgical treatment was bunion pain (68.8%), and different surgical techniques were selected according to the following radiological parameters: HV angle 30 to 40 degrees and intermetatarsal angle 15 to 20 degrees. The two procedures most preferred by the respondents were distal chevron osteotomy (55.0%), and proximal chevron osteotomy (21.1%). In an average of 71.6% of respondents, Arkin osteotomy was performed simultaneously during HV surgery. HV accompanied by an overriding deformity of the second toe was most often addressed with a combination of second metatarsal osteotomy and soft tissue rebalancing procedure (35.8%). After HV surgery, the recurrence rate of HV deformity was found to be 12.2% on average and the surgeons who had performed minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for HV comprised 34.9% of the total respondents. Conclusion: This study provides updated information on the current trends in the management of the HV deformity in Korea. Both consensus and variation in the approach to patients with HV were identified by this survey study. Although MIS for HV has increased, it appears the consensus for selecting this method has not yet been established.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1235-1246
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze and compare the environmental attitude level and characteristics of interest groups, including visitors, local residents, and local public servants (Cheongsong-gun), in Juwangsan National Park. A statistical analysis of 418 questionnaires concluded that there was no statistically significant gender difference in the level of environmental attitude between the visitors, local residents, and local public servants. In the case of visitors, no significant difference was found in the level of environmental attitude according to age and occupation, but the level of environmental attitude of local residents showed a significant difference according to age and occupation. In general visitors, local residents, and local public servants all scored above the mid point on average, but no statistically significant difference in environmental attitude was observed between these groups. Therefore, it is concluded that mutual consensus can be derived from these interest groups to strengthen the protection of Juwangsan National Park.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

India has accorded a high priority to road infrastructure development through Public-Private Partnership (PPP) and it has set a high target for investment inflows. Yet, it is widely held that road/highway infrastructure has not been developing at required pace and that the road infrastructure projects under PPP have been suffering from several hurdles and delays, thereby affecting project success/failure. This paper is an attempt to analyze the critical success/failure factors of road infrastructure projects under PPP in India. A questionnaire survey was conducted among a sample of the stakeholders of road infrastructure projects to identify the critical success/failure factors during all four major project stages using different approaches. Initially, the critical factors were identified through ranking based on the average/mean score. Later, the conventional RII score was used to identify the critical success/failure factors. Finally, the critical success/failure factors were also identified based on the stakeholder-wise ranking of the factors and their convergence. The assessment revealed that there was a greater convergence across the different methods and also that there was greater consensus among project stakeholder on the critical success/failure factors of road PPP projects.