• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2009

An Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is a low-cost, high-speed solution to the bottleneck problem of a broadband access network. This paper analyzes the delay and the jitter performance of dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) schemes for differentiated services in EPONs. Especially, the average packet delay and the delay jitter of the expedited forwarding (EF) traffic class are compared, with consideration as to whether a cyclic or an interleaved polling scheme is superior. This performance evaluation reveals that the cyclic polling based DBA scheme provides constant and predictable average packet delay and improved jitter performance for the EF traffic class without the influence of load variations.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.75-78
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose a new cell discarding and scheduling scheme which reduce cell loss rate by measuring, in real time, the number of discarded cells in the queuing system with a different loss priority for each class of service such that each class of service meets its cell loss rate requirements and reduce average delay rate for the traffic that is sensitive in cell delay in output buffer of the ATM switch. Throughout the computer simulation, the existing scheduling scheme and proposed scheme are compared with respect to cell loss rate and average delay time.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37A권10호
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• pp.876-884
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 무선 센서네트워크(wireless sensor network : WSN)에서 발생하는 두 가지 지연 요인인 큐잉 지연(queueing delay)과 랜덤 링크 스케줄링에 의한 지연(delay by random link scheduling)을 소개하고 이를 해결하기 위한 새로운 순차적 스케줄링 기법을 제안한다. 또한 모의 실험을 통하여 이용하여 제안한 다중 홉 전송기법의 성능 평가를 수행하고, 이를 기존의 랜덤 링크 스케줄링 기법의 성능과 종단간 패킷 전송 지연의 관점에서 비교한다. 모의실험 결과에 따르면, 소스 노드(source node)와 목적지 노드(destination node) 사이의 홉 수(hop distance)가 증가할수록 제안한 스케줄링 기법과 기존의 랜덤 링크 스케줄링 기법의 지연 성능 차이가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 소스 노드와 목적지 노드 사이의 평균 홉 수가 2.66, 4.1, 4.75 및 6.3 일 때, 제안한 스케줄링 기법은 기존의 랜덤 링크 스케줄링 기법에 비해 22%, 36%, 48% 및 55% 까지 지연 시간을 줄일 수 있었다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.119-121
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• 2005

This paper aims to estimate the delay time of multiple signals in a multi-path environment. It also seeks to carry out a comparative analysis with the existing delay time under the proposed algorithm to develop a new algorithm that applies the space average method in a MUSIC algorithm. Unlike the existing delay time estimation algorithm, the developed algorithm was able to estimate the delay time in 5ns low. Therefore, the algorithm proposed in this paper improved the existing delay time estimated algorithm.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study compared two measures of traffic flow effectiveness on roads with roundabouts and signalized intersections and determined the more appropriate measure. METHODS : In addition to average delay time, the conventionally used measure, average travel time was introduced to measure traffic flow effectiveness because it is able to be obtained through field survey and reflect different travel distances and speed limits of roundabouts and signalized intersections. Using the two measures, roundabouts and signalized intersections were compared through simulations in terms of traffic flow effectiveness. RESULTS : For one-way single-lane roads, the two measures indicated consistent results that roundabouts were more effective than were signalized intersections when the traffic volume was less than 300 vphpl but vice versa when it exceeded 450 vphpl; however, the measures yielded inconsistent results when the volume was 350~400 vphpl. For one-way double-lane roads, the two measures indicated consistent results that roundabouts were more effective than were signalized intersections when the volume was less than 200 vphpl but vice versa when it exceeded 400 vphpl; however, the measures yielded inconsistent results when the volume was 250~350 vphpl. The results obtained using the two measures differed substantially for double-lane roads because behaviors such as weaving and lane changing at roundabouts are more common in double-lane roads than in single-lane roads. CONCLUSIONS : The average delay time would be lower on roads with roundabouts, but average travel time would be lower on roads with signalized intersections. Thus, evaluating the relative effectiveness of roads with roundabouts and signalized intersections by using average delay time alone would be inappropriate, whereas using average travel time as the evaluation index would yield fairer results.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.19-36
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• 1993

In this study for relieving traffic congestion on the main arterial in Pusan using TSM Techniques, the travel system, roadway system and signal system analyses were dine. Through these above analyses, it was shown that the peak-time periods on the main arterial were shaped between 10 : 00 and 11 : 00 in the morning and between 15 : 00 and 16 : 00 in the afternoon for the business and shopping trips. Especially, there appeared to be about 23% reduction in the average delay when roadway system management including left-turn links increased were done, about 29% reduction in the average delay when signal system management including the signal phases and timings readjusted were conducted, and about 48% reduction in average delay when roadway system and signal system management were taken into consideration simultaneously. Based upon these results, it was concluded that there might be considerably better results in the average delay if the progressive signal system analyses on the arterial were applied with the land and road widths balanced, the difference on the turning vehicles and mid-block volumes readjusted, and roadside parking traffic prohibited.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2004

Flammable substances are frequently used chemical industry processes. An accurate knowledge of the ALTs(Autoignition Temperatures) is important in developing appropriate prevention and control measures in industrial fire protection. The AITs describe the minimum temperature to which a substance must be heated, without the application of a flame or spark, which will cause that substance to ignite. The AITs are dependent upon many factors, namely initial temperature, pressure, volume, fuel/air stoichiometry, catalyst material, concentration of vapor, ignition delay. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for methanol and ethanol. The A.A.P.E.(Average Absolute Percent Error) and the A.A.D.(Average Absolute Deviation) of the experimental and the calculated delay times by the AITs for methanol were 14.59 and 1.76 respectively. Also the A.A.P.E. and the A.A.D. of the experimental and the calculated delay times by the ATIs for ethanol were 8.33 and 0.88.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.4389-4410
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• 2014

Network coding is a promising technology that increases system throughput by reducing the number of packet transmissions from the source node to the destination node in a saturated traffic scenario. Nevertheless, some packets can suffer from end-to-end delay, because of a queuing delay in an intermediate node waiting for other packets to be encoded with exclusive or (XOR). In this paper, we analyze the delay according to packet arrival rate and propose two network coding schemes, iXOR (Intelligent XOR) and oXOR (Optimal XOR) with Markov Decision Process (MDP). They reduce the average delay, even under an unsaturated traffic load, through the Holding-${\chi}$ strategy. In particular, we are interested in the unsaturated network scenario. The unsaturated network is more practical because, in a real wireless network, nodes do not always have packets waiting to be sent. Through analysis and extensive simulations, we show that iXOR and oXOR are better than the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) without XOR (the general forwarding scheme) and XOR with DCF with respect to average delay as well as delivery ratio.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.350-354
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• 2005

This paper proposes a new method for delay time calculation in RLC interconnects. This method is simple, but precise. The proposed method can calculate delay time of RLC interconnects by simple numerical formula calculation without complex moment calculation using reduced model in RLC interconnects. The results using the proposed method for RLC circuits show that average relative error is within $10\%$ in comparison with HSPICE simulation results.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.14-21
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• 1997

In delay-optimized designs, timing failures due to manufacturing delay defects are more likely to occur because the average timing slacks of paths decrease and the system becomes more sensitive to smaller delay defect sizes. In this paper, the impact of delay optimized logic circuits on delay fault testing will be discussed and compared to the case for non-optimized designs. First, we provide a timing optimization procedure and show that the resultant density function of path delays is a delta function. Next we also discuss the impact of timing optimization on the yield of a manufacturing process and the defect level for delay faults. Finally, we will give some recommendations on the determination of the system clock time so that the delay-optimized design will have the same manufacturing yield as the non-optimized design and on the determination of delay fault coverage in the delay-optimized design in order to have the same defect-level for delay faults as the non-optimized design, while the system clock time is the same for both designs.