• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.279-288
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to develop a standardization model for available stock management process among the entire Enterprise Resource Planning System modules of Automobile Parts Manufacturing Industry. The standardization model system is constructed through the phased method based on the development methodology of information establishment suggested by the Small and Medium Business Administration and Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for Small & Medium Enterprises. The standardization model is to develop the process modules of ordering management, storing management, delivering management, and stock management for available stock management process. The study will help the manufacturing business and related IT business which want to construct available stock management process under the ERP system to establish the system more effectively by applying the standardization model and also will provide them with construction availability and reliability. By application of this study results, the businesses will not only prevent the excessive possession of raw materials and products and reserve adequate and steady stock but also will check real-time stock, observe customer due date, decrease over-production and reduce stock cost.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-59
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• 2022

Purpose - This study investigates the performance of investment strategies incorporating estimated stock market cycle based on a lead-lag relationship between business cycle and stock market cycle, thereby deriving empirical implications on risk management. Design/methodology/approach - The data period ranges from June 1953 to September 2022 and de-trended short rate, term spread, credit spread, stock market volatility are considered as major input variables to estimate business cycle and stock market cycle by applying probit model. Based on the estimated stock market cycle, two types of strategies are constructed and their performance relative to the benchmark is empirically examined. Findings Two types of strategies based on stock market cycle are considered: The first strategy is to long(short) on stocks when stock market stage is expected to be an expansion(a recession), and the second one is to long on stocks(bonds) when expecting an expansion(a recession). The empirical results show that the strategies based on stock market cycle outperforms a simple buy and hold strategy in both in-sample and out-of-sample investigation. Also the out-of-sample evidence suggests that the second strategy which is in line with asset allocation is more profitable than the first one. Research implications or Originality The strategies considered in this study are based on the estimated stock market cycle which only depends on a few easily available financial variables, thereby making easier to establish such a strategy. It implies that investors enhance investment performance by constructing a relatively simple trading strategies if they set their position on stocks or choose which asset class to buy conditioning on stock market cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-34
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• 1991

A production/inventory system is considered in which a production facility produces one type of product. The demand for the product is given by a compound Poison process and is supplied directly from inventory when inventory is available and is lost when inventory is out of stock. The processing time to produce one item is assumes to follow a general distribution. An (s, S) policy is considered in which production stops at the instant the stock on hand reachs S and the setup of the production facility begins at an inspection point when the stock on hand drops to or below s for the first time. The time interval between two successive inspection points during a non-production period is a random variable which follows a general distribution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.89-93
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• 2007

In this study, we consider an assembly line operated under a base-stock policy. A product consists of two parts, and a finished product transfers to a warehouse in which demands are satisfied. Assume that demands arrive according to a Poisson process and processing times at each production line are exponentially distributed. Whenever a demand arrives, it is satisfied immediately from an inventory in the warehouse if available; otherwise, it is backlogged and satisfied later by the next product exiting from production lines. In either case, an arriving demand automatically triggers the production of a part at both production lines. These two parts will be assembled into a product that eventually transfers to the warehouse. We obtain a closed form formula of approximation for delay time or lead time distribution of a demand when a base- stock level is s. Moreover, it can be applied to the optimal base-stock level which minimizes the total inventory cost. Numerical examples are presented to show our optimal base-stock level's quality.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2021

The importance of forests and trees in climate change mitigation and soil nutrient cycling cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the above-ground carbon stock of two exotic and two indigenous tree species - Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Khaya grandifoliola and Nauclea diderrichii and their litter impact on soil nutrient content of an arboretum within the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data were collected from equal sample plots from the four species' compartments. Tree growth variables including total height, diameter at breast height, crown height, crown diameter and merchantable height were measured for the estimation of above-ground carbon stock. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm from each compartment and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, Manganese, Iron, Copper and Zinc. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p<0.05) in the carbon contents of the four species and the soil nutrient contents of the different species' compartments. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationships between the carbon contents, growth parameters and soil parameters. The highest and lowest carbon stock per hectare was observed for G. arborea (151.52 t.ha^-1) and K. grandifoliola (45.45 t.ha^-1) respectively. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation were highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and K. grandifoliola respectively. The pH was highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and T. grandis respectively. Carbon stock correlated positively with dbh, crown diameter, merchantable height and Zn and negatively with base saturation. The study revealed that G. arborea and N. diderrichii can effectively be used for reforestation and afforestation programmes aimed at climate change mitigation across Nigeria. Therefore, policies to encourage and enhance their planting should be encouraged.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.506-514
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sample presenting types on the sensory characteristics of chilled buckwheat noodle soup (Naeng-myeon). Generic descriptive analysis was performed for evaluating only stock (system 1), only noodle (system 2) and stock with noodle (system 3). Eight kinds of commercially available Naeng-myeon were samples of interest. Ten female descriptive panelists participated. ANOVA and regression analysis were used for data analysis. In the training sessions, ten sensory properties were developed for system 1, four were additionally established for noodle. In each system, the 8 products showed significantly different intensities in almost all sensory attributes like darkness of stock, overall flavor, sweetness, saltiness, sourness. When integrating the two systems, sample presenting types showed significant difference for the seven sensory attributes, especially saltiness, sourness, beef flavor tended to be rated more strongly in system 1 than system 3.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.281-294
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• 2017

Tropical forests constitute almost half of the global forest cover, account for 35% of the global net primary productivity and thereby have potential to contribute substantially to sequester atmospheric $CO_2$ and offset climate change impact. However, deforestation and degradation lead by unsustainable management of tropical forests contribute to the unprecedented species losses and limit ecosystem services including carbon sequestration. Sustainable forest management (SFM) in the tropics may tackle and rectify such deleterious impacts of anthropogenic disturbances and climatic changes. However, the existing dilemma on the definition of SFM and lack of understanding of how tropical forest sustainability can be achieved lead to increasing debate on whether climate change mitigation initiatives would be successful. We reviewed the available literature with a view to clarify the concept of sustainability and provide with a framework towards the sustainability of tropical forests for enhanced carbon stock and climate change mitigation. We argue that along with securing forest tenure and thereby reducing deforestation, application of reduced impact logging (RIL) and appropriate silvicultural system can enhance tropical forest carbon stock and help mitigate climate change.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.361-372
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• 2021

This research aimed to analyze the momentum strategy of foreign investors with the smallest trading transactions in the Indonesian stock market. This study applied a quantitative method approach using intraday transaction data of companies listed on the LQ-45 Index for March, April, and May 2017, obtained from the Indonesia Capital Market Institute (TICMI) which is a subsidiary of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The number of companies with available data is 35 companies, consisting of 23 non-government stocks and 12 government stocks. The number of observations from the 35 companies was 8,686,030 observations where the government companies recorded 2,751, 545 and the non-government companies 1,387,016 observations. All data was then squeezed and grouped into small, medium, and large trade transaction orders. The data analysis method used was paired t-test with SPSS to analyze cumulative abnormal returns in the formulation and test periods. This study found that small foreign investors carried out momentum strategies on stocks listed on the LQ-45 Index. However, re-testing was done by separating government and non-government shares. It turned out that small foreign investors performed a momentum strategy on non-government and a contrarian strategy on government.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to estimate domestic potential wood supply according to geographical and forest management conditions. In order to separate available wood supply area, analysis was conducted by separating natural, theoretical, geographical and technical supply area. Natural supply area was separated by extract stocked land from forest using digital stock map. Theoretical, geographical and technical supply area was separated by considering protection area, slope, streamside and road. Growing stock was calculated by using species and age-class of digital stock map. Potential wood supply was estimated by calculating growing stock of technical supply area. The results of growing stock of each supply area was shown that growing stock was from 244,150 to 596,248 thousand $m^3$. According to the results of this study, it was found that potential wood supply are likely to be over- or underestimated depending on the considered level of geographical and forest management conditions. Provincial potential wood supply was highly ranked in order of Gyeongbuk, jeonnam, Gyeongnam and Gangwon province.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 2013

We herein consider a stochastic multi-item inventory management problem in which a warehouse sells multiple items with stochastic demand and periodic replenishment from a supplier. Inventory management requires the timing and amounts of orders to be determined. For inventory replenishment, trucks of finite capacity are available. Most inventory management models consider either a single item or assume that multiple items are ordered independently, and whether there is sufficient space in trucks. The order cost is commonly calculated based on the number of carriers and the usage fees of carriers. In this situation, we can reduce future shipments by supplementing items to an order, even if the item is not scheduled to be ordered. On the other hand, we can reduce the average number of items in storage by reducing the order volume and at the risk of running out of stock. The primary variables of interest in the present research are the average number of items in storage, the stock-out volume, and the number of carriers used. We formulate this problem as a multi-objective optimization problem. In a numerical experiment based on actual shipment data, we consider the item shipping characteristics and simulate the warehouse replenishing items coordinately. The results of the simulation indicate that applying a conventional ordering policy individually will not provide effective inventory management.