• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.773-788
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• 2003

Ostrich farming is a developing industry in most countries in the world, with farm profitability being largely dependent on the quality of the products, especially skins and meat. To produce quality products, it is essential to ensure that nutrient supply matches the nutrient requirements of ostriches during their growth. To achieve this, information on feed utilisation efficiency and nutrient requirements of ostriches at different maturity stages is required. In South Africa, a number of experiments were carried out to assess the nutritive value of feed and to define the nutrient requirement of ostriches. These data were derived from limited number of birds and the direct application of the results to ostrich farming in Australia and other countries is questionable due to the difference in environment and feed resources. Initially ostrich farmers used data from poultry as a guideline for feed formulation, but in recent years more data has become available for ostriches. Ostriches have a better feed utilisation efficiency and a larger capacity of using high fibre feeds such as pastures than poultry. This review revealed that there are a number of areas there further nutritional research and development is required to ensure the ostriches are provided suitable diets to maximise farm profitability. These include the assessment of the nutritive value of feed ingredients for ostrich chicks and adult birds, the determination of nutrient requirements of ostriches under different farming systems, the development of ostrich diet for producing specific product, and grazing management strategies of ostriches in a crop-pasture rotation system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.508-514
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) levels on growth performance and body composition in juvenile eel, Anguilla japonica. Six semi-purified experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and iso-caloric containing 55.0% crude protein and 15% crude lipid (18.3 kJ of available energy $g^{-1}$). Six different levels of AA were added to the basal diet, with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 or 1.2% on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively ($AA_{0.07},\;AA_{0.22},\;AA_{0.43},\;AA_{0.57},\;AA_{0.78}\;or\;AA_{1.23}$). After a conditioning period, fish initially averaging 27${\pm}$0.5 g (mean${\pm}$SD) were randomly distributed into each aquarium as triplicate groups of 20 fish each. One of six experimental diets was fed on a DM basis to fish in three randomly selected aquaria at a rate of 2-3% of total body weight twice a day. At the end of the 12-week feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed $AA_{0.78}$ and $AA_{1.23}$ diets were significantly higher than of fish fed $AA_{0.07},\;AA_{0.22},\;AA_{0.43}$ diets (p<0.05). Specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed the $AA_{0.78}$ diet was significantly higher than of fish fed $AA_{0.07},\;AA_{0.22},\;AA_{0.43}$ diets (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in WG, SGR and FE among fish fed $AA_{0.57},\;AA_{0.78}\;or\;AA_{1.23}$ diets (p>0.05). Whole body AA deposition of fish fed the $AA_{1.23}$ diet was significantly higher than for the other diets (p<0.05). Broken-line model analysis on the basis of WG and SGR indicated that the dietary AA requirement could be greater than 0.69% but less than 0.71% of the diet in juvenile eel. The growth-promoting activity of AA observed in the present study provides strong support for the contention that dietary AA is essential for juvenile eel.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.823-832
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of 1) the diameter(0.7,1.0,1.2mm) and number(1,2,3) of commonly available orthodontic metal wires embedded in self-curing orthodontic acrylic resin specimens($64{\times}10{\times}3mm$) and 2) the use of chemical adhesive system(Silicoater, Metalprimer) to prevent slipping at the interface between the resin and the metal wire on reinforcement by using three-point bending test. From this study, the following results were obtained. 1. No statistically significant difference was found among the transverse strengths for the control without reinforcement, one 0.7mm wire, two 0.7mm wires, three 0.7mm wires, and one 1.0mm wire groups(P>.05). 2. In the groups with 1.0 or 1.2mm wires, the transverse strength increased in proportion to the increase of number of wires(P<.05). 3. In the groups with 0.7 or 1.0mm wires, neither of Silicoater and Netalprimer increased the transverse strength significantly(P>.05). 4. No statistically significant difference was found in transverse strength between Silicoater groups and Metalprimer groups with same diameter of wires(P.>05). From these result, it is concluded that diameter of wires is a primary considering factor to reinforce the acrylic resin effectively and, when this requirement is satisfied, increased number of wires or chemical adhesive systems can be expected to produce the additional reinforcing effect.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.510-516
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• 2011

Salt-affected soils are present in Pakistan in significant quantity. This experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of compost for reclamation and compare its efficiency with gypsum. For this purpose, various combinations of compost and gypsum were used to evaluate their efficacy for reclamation. A saline-sodic field having $pH_s$ 8.90, $EC_e$ $5.94dS\;m^{-1}$ and SAR $34.5(mmol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, SP (saturation percentage) 42.29% and texture Sandy clay loam, gypsum requirement (GR) $8.75Mg\;ha^{-1}$ was selected for this study. The experiment comprised of seven treatments (control, gypsum alone, compost alone and different combinations of compost and gypsum based on soil gypsum requirements). Inorganic and organic amendments (gypsum and compost) were applied to a saline sodic soil. Rice and wheat crops were grown. Soil samples were collected from each treatment after the harvest of both crops and analyzed for chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) and fertility status (organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents) of soil. Results of this study revealed that compost and gypsum improved chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) of saline sodic soil to the desired levels. Similarly, all parameters of soil fertility like organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents were built up with the application of compost and gypsum.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.966-978
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• 1993

A power operated 90.5 hp electric motor) grain flour separator was designed and developed for separation of grain (wheat, corn, chickpea and soybean) flour into various fractions based on the size of the particles of the product. The separator agitating mechanism, feed control, cylindrical separator unit and an eccentric mechanism. The machine was tested for wheat ( variety ; Sujata) flour separation into four fractions, viz ; semolina, Gr-I and II, flour (coarse) and white (fine) flour. Wheat samples (6.8% m.c., db) were first pearled by CIAE pearler for 15.8% bran removal . The pearled wheat grains were then milled for semolina by a burre mill. The product and machine characteristics were determined at different capacities varying from 24 kg/h to 143 kg/h. It was found that 76 kg/h capacity gave reasonably best results in terms of purity and recovery of semolina vis-a-vis the market product. The energy requirement of the machine at no-load was found to be 230 W and at load c nditions, it varied between 36.3-6.4 KJ per kg of fead seperation. The macine could be used by small flour millers small/medium size traders and retailers and other processors for making available various flour products of different particle size in the market for ready use of the consumers.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.979-983
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• 1993

A power operated (0.5 hp electric motor) grain flour separator was designed and developed for separation of grain (wheat, corn, chickpea and soybean) flour it no various fractions based on the size of the particles of the product. The separator is made of mild steel and consists of a hopper, power driven agitating mechanism, feed control , cylindrical separator unit and an eccentric mechanism. The machine was tested for wheat (variety : Subjata) flour separation into four fraction, viz : semolina ; Gr-I and II, flour (coarse) and white (fine) flour. Wheat samples (6.8% m.c., db) were first pearled by CIAE pearler for 15.8% bran removal . The product and machine characteristics were determined at different capacities varying from 24 kg/h to 143 kg/h. It was found that 76 kg/h capacity gave reasonably best results in terms of purity and recovery of semolina vis-a-vis the market product. The energy requirement of the machine at no-load was found to be 230 w and at load conditio s, it varied between 36.3-6.4kj per kg of feed separation. The machine could be used by small flour millers, small/medium size traders and retailers and other processors for making available various flour products of different particle size in the market for ready use fo the consumers.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.61-63
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• 2004

The procurement of a mobile microwave scatterometer platform involved the consideration to ensure a mobile platform and equipment selected full-filled technical requirement and safety standard in Malaysia. Designing, and modification works involved engineering methodology in determining and selecting a suitable hydraulic telescopic boom that suit a selected mobile platform available locally. The mobile platform is a delivery system for microwave remote sensing microwave scatterometer and other accessories to any locations in Malaysia. Total loading to be carried by the mobile platform is 4500 kg and its overall weight must be 16,000 kg as recommended by hydraulic telescopic boom manufacturers. The telescopic boom will elevate microwave scatterometer system including the antenna to a maximum height of 27 m, and can also be rotated through $3600^{\circ}$. A mechanism is incorporated in the system to enable tracking or monitoring angular movement of the hydraulic telescopic boom when positioned towards predetermined target.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2000

One of the obstructing factors against managing large-scaled dairy farm in Korea has been heavy labor requirement for feeding dairy cows. A tractor attached TMR mixer was developed to reduce the cost and to provide economic benefit in this research. The TMR mixer was designed to have a feeding capacity of 35 heads at a batch with various functioning systems of paddle type mixer, cutter and grinder, delivery conveyor, weighing console, power transmission train, and mounting trailer. The maximum power required during the mixing operarion was 26.3 kw(P.T.O), readily available from 32kw-rated tractors, which had been widely used in Korea. Low coefficient of variation(14.0%) revealed an uniform mixing performance of the mixer. The mixer can also be used in compost mixing as well as concentrates and roughage.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1009-1011
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• 2003

The procurement of mobile microwave scatterometer involve the consideration to ensure vehicle and equipment selection full-filled technical requirement and safety standard in Malaysia. Designing, and modification works involve engineering methodology in determining and selecting a suitable hydraulic telescopic boom that suit a selected vehicle available from the market. The vehicle is also a delivery system for microwave remote sensing equipment and other accessories to any locations in Malaysia. Total loading to be carried by the vehicle is about 4500 kg and its overall weight must be 16,000 kg as recommended by hydraulic telescopic boom manufacturers. The telescopic boom will elevate microwave scatterometer system and antenna to a maximum height of 27 m, and can also be rotated through 360$^{\circ}$. A mechanism is incorporated in the system to enable tracking or monitoring angular movement of the hydraulic telescopic boom when positioned towards required target.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2006

본 연구는 넙치 치어에 있어서 수용성 비타민인 myo-inositol의 사료 내 적정 요구량을 평가하고, 결핍 시 어류에 미치게 되는 생리적 영향을 조사하고자 수행 되었다. 실험에 사용된 어류는 평균무게가 1.22 g인 넙치 초기치어를 사용하였으며, 총 15개의 35 L 원형수조에 각 수조당 48 마리씩(3반복구) 무작위 배치하였다. 반 정제 사료원을 기초로한 총 5개의 실험사료는 52%의 조단백질과 18.3 MJ/kg diet의 에너지함량을 갖도록 조성되었고 myo-inositol 함량을 각각 0, 0, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg diet으로 기초사료에 첨가하였다(M0, M0+, M400, M800, M1600). 실험사료 중 M0+ 사료는 항생제인 tetracycline hydrochloride 및 (SIGMA, USA)를 실험사료에 0.4%로 첨가함으로써, myo-inositol이 넙치의 장내 미생물들에 의하여 합성되는지를 알아보기 위해 설계되었다. 26주간의 사료공급 실험결과, 사료 내 myo-inositol 첨가에 의한 어류의 성장률 결과들에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났으며, myo-inositol 결핍사료를 섭취한 실험어류에서 성장지연과 같은 결핍증상을 보였다. Hematocrit과 Hemoglobin을 측정한 혈액분석과 간 지방함량 분석에서는 실험구 사이에서 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 전어체 지방분석 결과에서는 단지 M0와 M400 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 초기 넙치 치어의 myo-inositol 요구량은 성장률을 기초로 한 broken-line regression model (Robbins, 1986)에서 반 정제사료를 기초로 하였을 때 800 mg/kg로 결정되었다.