• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.343-348
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• 1984

제주도(濟州道)와 울릉도(鬱陵島)에 분포(分布)한 용암류(熔岩類) 대지토양(台地土壤)의 이화학성(理化學性)을 분류단위수준(分類單位水準)(목일대군일통(目一大群一統))에서 작도단위(作圖單位)에 대(對)한 토양단면내(土壤斷面內) 토양특성(土壤特性)의 변이성(變異性) 및 순수성(純粹性)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. (1) 일반적(一般的)으로 토양관리(土壤管理)에 의(依)해 영향(影響)을 많이 받는 화학성(化學性)은 물리성(物理性)보다 변이성(變異性)이 컸음. (2) 토양관리(土壤管理) 방법(方法)에 따른 변이성(變異性)은 분류단위(分類單位)가 낮아짐에 따라 감소(減少)하였음. (3) 토양통(土壤統) 설정시(設定時) 순수성(純粹性)은 목(目), 대군(大群) 및 통(統)에서 각각(各各) 66.5, 56.0 및 43.8%이었음. (4) 모래함량(含量)과 몇가지 화학성(化學性)은 대수정규(對數正規) 분포(分布)를 하므로 이들의 평균(平均)을 수정(修正)하였음.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.331-335
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• 1985

밤의 안전저장 방법을 개발하고자 충남 공주산 옥광밤을 공시품종으로 하여 호흡량 조사 및 P.E 필름 두께별 저장시험을 실시하였던 바 수확후 호흡량은 온도가 상승함에 따라 증가하여 $20^{\circ}C$에서 수확 3일후에 35$CO_2$mg/kg/hr이었으며, 호흡량의 온도계수 $Q_{10}$은 2.4$\sim$2.7이었다. 그러고 방을 상온에서는 0.03mm 저온에서는 0.05mm P.E 필름으로 밀봉저장하는 것이 포장내의 가스농도가 C.A 저장의 적정가스농도에 접근하는 탄산가스 $5{\sim}6%$, 산소 3% 정도로 유지되어 감모율을 $8{\sim}15%$로 억제한 상태에서 $7{\sim}9$개월간 저장 가능하였으며 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 수용성탄닌은 감소하고 환원당이 증가하여 식미가 향상되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.148-151
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• 2007

1. 맥문동 괴근크기별 전체 괴근수는 각 처리별로 약간 차이를 보이나 주당 50개에서 58개 사이로 형성 되었고, 그 중 2cm이상 가장 많이 형성된 처리는 3.5소 +두엄 +유박 +계분 +초목회 처리구였다. 2. 괴근 심도 조사를 보면 0${\sim}$20cm사이에 가장 많이 분포한 처리구는 3요소 +두엄이며, 21 ${\cdot}$ 30cm 이상에 가장 많이 분포한 구는 3요소 +두엄 +유박 +계분 +초목회 처리구 였다. 3. 건근수량은 3요소 +두엄 +유박 + 계분 +초목회 처리구에서 414kg/10a로 가장 많았고, 그 다음은 3요소 +두엄 +유박 + 계분 +초목회 처리구 이며, 3요소 +두엄의 관행 보다 34%, 25%의 수량을 높일 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.614-620
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• 1997

Pedigree data were used to predict the performance of 1,166 imported Americas Brahman breeder cattle, composed of 104 bulls and 1,062 heifers with an average age of 24.4 months (range of 17 to 40 months). A total of 13 full sib, 10 maternal half sib, and 228 paternal half sib groups were identified, each with average group size of 2.08, 2.00, and 4.49, respectively. Only 758 (64.9% of total) imported cattle were found to have at least one ancestor with expected progeny differences (EPDs) reported in the Spring 1995 Brahman Sire Summary. Moderate average accuracy values of .71, .69, .52, and .52 for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively, were noted for EPDs of the ancestors. Prediction equations were derived by multiple regression analysis of available EPDs of sire, paternal grand sire, and maternal grand sire. Based on pedigree indexes that involve various combinations of available ancestral information, the average predicted EPDs (lbs) for imported cattle were $1.76{\pm}0.54$, $14.93{\pm}4.86$, $25.10{\pm}9.50$, and $5.86{\pm}2.08$ for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively. Significant correlations (p < .05) were also found between sire and son EPDs (+.27) for yearling weight; and between sire and paternal grand sire EPDs for birth weight (+.34), weaning weight (+.51), yearling weight (+.49), and maternal milk (+.55).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2000

금강송림의 식생단위와 환경과의 상관관계, 종조성, 종다양도, 종간결합 등 생태학적 특성들에 대하여 정량적으로 연구하였던 바 다음과 같이 요약되었다. 1) CCA 방법으로 분석한 결과 주로 지형, 해발, 유효인산, 마그네슘 등의 환경요인들이 높은 상관관계를 보여주고 있었다. 꼬리진달래군락은 해발이 논고 사면상부나 능선부쪽 지형으로 갈수록 더 많이 분포하는 경향이었고, 마그네슘과 칼슘이온의 농도는 낮은 입지에 주로 분포하였다. 산앵도나무군락은 칼슘, 마그네슘의 이온농도가 높은 입지에 분포하는 경향이었고, 사면중상부와 능선부로 갈수록 많이 분포하는 경향이었다. 2) 중요치 분석결과 각 지역의 교목층과 아교목층에서 중요치가 높게 나타난 종은 금강송, 신갈나무, 굴참나무, 졸참나무, 물푸레나무 등이었으며, 관목층에서는 소광리 지역이 다른 지역에 비해 금강송의 중요치가 높게 나타났다. 즉, 소광리의 금강송 임분이 천연갱신이 가장 잘 되고 있음을 반영하였다. 3) 종다양도지수를 보면 울진이 0.6622로 가장 낮았고, 기타지역은 대부분 0.7내외로 나타났으며, 식생단위별 종다양도 지수는 당단풍군락이 높게 나타났다. 4) 소광리지역은 울진과는 군락유사도의 차이가 낮게 나타났으며, 기타지역간에는 군락유사도가 0.6이상으로 높게 나타났다. 5) 종간결합관계 분석 결과 크게 두 개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 한 그룹은 식물사회학적 분석에서의 표징종군과, 또 한 그룹은 식별종군과 거의 일치하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1519-1526
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• 2010

Serum lipid (SL) is a commercially available cholesterol-rich, proteinaceous compound extracted from bovine serum. Here we investigated the adipogenic transdifferentiation potential of SL on bovine myogenic satellite cells. Exposure of satellite cells to SL could generate lipid droplets on day 2, and further exposure to SL increased cytoplasmic lipid accumulation giving adipocyte morphology. The expression analysis of PPAR gamma and GPDH adipocyte markers along with Oil-red-O staining results confirmed the transdifferentiation potential of SL. When cells were treated at different concentrations (5, 10, 20, $40{\mu}l$/ml) of SL, the results indicated that even levels as low as $5{\mu}l$ SL /ml could induce transdifferentiation, and maximum induction was obtained at $20{\mu}l$ SL/ml. After treatment with SL at different concentrations the expression levels of PPAR gamma varied significantly (p<0.05), whereas the expression of other adipogenic transcription factors showed no difference, indicating that SL acts through PPAR gamma. The combined effect of SL and troglitazone proved to be the best combination for induction of transdifferentiation compared to the individual effect of SL or troglitazone. Thus, overall results clearly show that SL induces transdifferentiation of bovine myogenic satellite cells to adipocytes.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.92-101
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fly ash on the yield and quality and to determine the optimum application amount of fly ash for tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L). Two kinds of fly ash, anthracite and bituminous coal, were treated with different levels of 0, 20, 40, 60 MT/ha. Dry weights of tobacco at middle and topping growth stage were increased with application of fly ash, showing the highest dry weight at 40 MT/ha in both kinds of fly ash. It was showed that the bituminous coal had a little more effective for yield than that of anthracite. Comparing with the control, yields of tobacco applied with fly ash were significantly increased about 17.7% and 17.1% by the application of bituminous coal and anthracite, respectively. Quality of flue-cured leaves was better by application of fly ash than that of the control. The quality index was given the highest at 40 MT/ha for bituminous coal increasing by 24.6% and at 60 MT/ha fur anthracite increasing by 13.4% compared with the control. The economical efficiency considered of the yield and quality of tobacco was the highest at 40 MT/ha of bituminous. Soil pH, contents of available P2O5, organic matter, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ of soil during the growing season were increased by application of fly ash, showing more effectiveness in bituminous than that in anthracite. By the application of fly ash, the nutrients availability and the acidity of soil were reformed and they caused significantly the increase of growths yield, and quality of tobacco. By the application of lime reforming soil acidity, growth response, yields and quality of tobacco were not increased compared to the control, although the effect of reforming soil pH was remarkable.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2022

Purpose: In our study, in order to find lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics, we isolated 140 strains from 15 types of kimchi commercially available in Korea and 20 types of Kimchi made at home from January to December in 2016, and investigated their H₂O₂ generating ability and multi-drug resistance to antibiotics. Methods: In order to observe the H₂O₂ generation ability of LAB, we performed the experiment with methods such as Rabe, Hillier, and Kang. To test the antibacterial susceptibility of LAB, we used the disc agar diffusion method using MRS agar (Difco, USA) according to the CLSI and WHO test methods. There are 18 types of antibiotic discs used. Results: Out of the total numbers of 140 strains, 6 strains of Ent. Faecium, 25 strains of L. plantarum, 1 strain of L. rhamnosus, 3 strains of L. sakei, 1 strain of L. acidophilus, 1 strains St. thermophilus, and 7 of unidentified strains generated H₂O₂. The antibiotic susceptibility of Ent. Faecium indicated SXT, OX, NA, and E; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. plantarum indicated NA; and the antibiotic susceptibility of St. thermophilus indicated NA, CC, RA, CTT, CM, and P ; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. rhamnosus indicated SXT, VA, NA and CTT; and the antibiotic susceptibility of 6 strains of L. sakei indicated SXT, OX, NOR, NA, CTT and CIP, all indicating antibiotic resistance. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for 53 strains of L. antarum, 8-drug resistance was the most common with 25 strains, followed by 7-drug-resistant strains with 18 strains, 9-drug-resistant strains with 4 strains, 6-drug-resistant strains with 3 strains, 5-drug-resistant strains with 2 strains, and 17-drug-resistant strains with 1 strain. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for Ent. Faecium 27 strains, 9-drug resistance was most commonly identified as 9 strains, 8-drug resistance was identified as 6 strains, 7- and 11 drug resistances were identified as 4 strains each, and 4- and 6-drug resistances were identified as 1 strain each. Conclusion: Ent. Faecium, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. sakei, and St. thermophilus, shown to have anantibacterial activity in previous studies on LAB and shown to have and H₂O₂ generating ability, antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance in this study, are expected to be able to play an excellent role for long-term inpatients to use as an alternative to antibiotics and to cope with emerging antibiotic resistance.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제9권
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• pp.111-118
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• 1968

제주도(濟州道 ) 목야조성지(牧野造成地)의 흑색(黑色) 및 적색화산회토양(赤色火山灰土壤)에 대(對)한 7개목초(個牧草)의 토양인산(土壤燐酸) 이용력(利用力)을 $P^{32}$를 사용(使用)하여 조사(調査)하고 토양(土壤)의 각종(各種) 유효(有效) 인산(燐酸) 및 형태별(形態別) 분별정량(分別定量)을 하여 알맞은 유효인산(有效燐酸) 정량법(定量法)을 찾고자 하였던바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 목초별(牧草別) 토양인산(土壤燐酸) 이용력(利用力)은 Italian rye grass${\gg}$ Soybean> cassia> corn> weeping love grass${\gg}$ Korean Lespedeza> Red Clover의 순(順)이며 A-value$(kgP^{2}O^[5}/ha)$가 1000이상(以上) $200{\sim}500$과 40이하(以下)의 세 가지로 대별(大別)된다. 2) 흑색토양(黑色土壤)은 적색토양(赤色土壤)에 비(比)해 무기인산(無機燐酸)이 배(培)가 되지만 목초(牧草)가 흡수(吸收)하는 유효인산량(有效燐酸量)에는 차이(差異)가 없음으로 유효(有效) 인산추출액(燐酸抽出液)은 두 토양(土壤)에 동량(同量)으로 추출(抽出)되는 것이라야 한다. 3) 목초별(牧草別) 흡수이용력(吸收利用力)에 맞는 유효인산추출액(有效燐酸抽出液)은 원토건중당(原土乾重當) 최고(最高) 20 ppm을 침출할 수 있는것과 최소(最小) 100 ppm 이상(以上) 추출(抽出)할 수 있는 두 개의 추출제(抽出劑)가 추정(推定)되며 전자(前者)는 이용력(利用力)이 약(弱)한 목초(牧草)에 후자(後者)는 이용력(利用力)이 강(强)한것에 적용(適用)되고 전자(前者)는 Truog 법(法)이 사용(使用)될 수 있으나 후자(後者)는 해당(該當)한 추출법(抽出法)은 사용(使用)된것들 중(中)에는 없었다. 4) 두과목초(荳科牧草)는 T/R 치(値)와 pdF(비료(肥料)에서 유래(由來)한 식물체무백분비(植物體燐百分比)간(間)에 5% 수준(水準)에서 부상관(負相關)이 있고 T/R가 5이상(以上)에서 50% 이하(以下)의 %pdF를 T/R가 5 이하(以下)에서 80% 이상(以上)의 %pdF를 보였으나 화본과(禾本科)에서는 아무런 상관(相關)이 없었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.641-646
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• 2013

Chemical properties of agricultural soils in Korea have been investigated at four-year interval in order of paddy, polytunnel, upland, and orchard soils since 1999; polytunnel soils were investigated over the whole country in 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012. Polytunnel soils were taken from the surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) at 2,651, 1,274, 1,374 and 1,374 sites in all provinces of South Korea. One hundred sampling sites located in more than 400 m altitude were additionally investigated in 2008 and 2012. Average of soil chemical properties in 2012 except Jeju province were 6.6 for pH, 3.2 dS $m^{-1}$ for EC, 37 g $kg^{-1}$ for organic matter (OM), 1,049 mg $kg^{-1}$ for available (Avail.) phosphate, 1.58 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for exchangeable (Exch.) K, 10.6 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for Exch. Ca, and 3.3 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for Exch. Mg. Except pH, averages of all chemical properties exceeded the upper limit of optimal range. The median values except pH showed a lower value than the averages. The pH, OM and Exch. Ca had slightly increased from 6.3 to 6.6, from 34 to 37 g $kg^{-1}$, and from 7.7 in 2000 to 10.6 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in 2012, respectively. The order of sample ratios exceeding the optimal range were Avail. $P_2O_5$ (83%) > Exch. Ca (80%) > Exch. K (70%) > Exch. Mg (65%) > EC (55%) > OM (48%) > pH (29%) in 2012. The order of sample ratios below the optimal range was OM (25%) > Exch. K (25%) > pH (20%), Exch. Mg and Avail. $P_2O_5$ (9%) > Exch. Ca (6%) in 2012. The excessive proportion of pH, Exch. Ca, Exch. Mg and OM slightly increased, while the insufficient proportion of those decreased. Approximately 55% of polytunnel soils exceeding EC 2 dS $m^{-1}$ was evaluated with salt accumulated soils having the risk of growth disorder of crops. Nutrient contents in polytunnel soils in Korea showed high level especially Avail. $P_2O_5$ and Exch. cations. Therefore, recommended fertilization based on soil testing or plant testing is needed for soil nutrient management.