• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to select for the varieties with high environmental adaptability in mountainous pastures of Taekwalyong area, and the evaluation was based on the data of varietal differences of dry matter production and yield components in Tall fescue cutting at various developmental stages in growth period of autumn. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The varieties with high number of tillers per plant(NT) showed a high dry weight of plant(DW) in all autumn cuttings. These varieties(Barce1 and Fuego) may be more adaptable to mountainous pastures of Taekwalyon area than other varieties. 2. The number of tillers per plant(NT) was significantly positive correlated with dry weight of plant (DW), but dry weight of tiller(WT) was not significantly correlated with dry weight of plant(DW) in all autumn cuttings. 3. The multiple regression equations of autumn cutting stages with mean dry weight of plant(DW) and number of tillers per plant(NT) can be used to estimate the cutting time to obtain maximum mean dry weight of plant(DW) and the highest number of tillers per plant(NT). The maximum mean dry weight of plant(DW) and the highest number of tillers per plant(NT) was estimated at the time of 21 Oct. and 26 Oct, respectively. 4. Dead leaves tended to increase greatly after the 2nd cutting(l4 Oct.) in growth period of autumn. 5. The number of tillers per plant(NT) was an important yield component before tiller density achieved equilibrium, but dry weight of tiller(WT, including dead leaves) was of most significant as a yield determinant after maximum tiller density reached in growth period of autumn.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of extension of grazing duration in late autumn on grass growth in following spring, in order to improve the rate of self-sufficiency for roughage feed. Plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage were increased when the grazing was finished early in late autumn. The proportions of clover and litter, and amounts of animal intake were decreased, with extended grazing duration in late autumn. But when the grazing was finished late in autumn, the contents of crude protein (CP, %) of herbage were increased, contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF, %), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) and crude ash (%) were decreased in pasture after grazing, therefore the contents of total digestible nutrients (TDN, %) and relative feed value (RFV) of herbage were improved. The early end grazing showed that plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage in following spring were higher than those in late end grazing. However, increased yields were not significantly different among end grazing treatments (0.12-0.15 tonha), except for the final end grazing in late autumn (0.01 tonha). With extended grazing duration in late autumn, the contents of CP of herbage in following spring were increased, contents of ADF, were decreased, and RFV were improved. (Key words : Extension of grazing duration, Plant height, Biomass, Amount of intake, Increased yield, Crude protein, TDN) rll\ulcorner c# qiil x i 9 ~ 1 a% * (College of Natural Resources, Taegu Univ., Kyongsan, 71 2-714, Korea) * $4 4 qiil 34 qq(Co1lege of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Yonsei Univ., Wonju, 220-701, Korea) '* 8 * jL@%ft@ &@%(Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, 060 Japan)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 1990

The values of blood composition were analyzed by age, season, and sex from Chejuhorse in Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follow; 1. The values of white blood cell(WBC), packed cell volume(PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) were significantly different between age. The WBC value was decreased with the progress of age and the PCV value was lower in the early age of 1,2 to 3 years than in the higher age of 4 to 5, and over 6 years. 2. The mean value of MCV was increased with the progress of age but the adverse was true in MCHC. 3. In the case of seasons, the values of red blood cell(RBC), WBC, hemoglobin(Hb) PCV, MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), MCHC, globulin(Glo), albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio, inorganic phosphorus(Pi), cholesterol(Chol), and chlorine(Cl) showed significant differences. The number of RBC was not varied from winter to summer but decreased in autumn. The number of WBC was high in summer and autumn, but low in winter and spring. 4. The values of MCV were high in autumn and winter, but low in spring and summer. 5. The values of MCH and MCHC were similar in spring and summer, but strikingly increased in autumn. 6. The values of Glo and A/G ratio were negatively correlated with the season; The value of A/G ratio was lowest in summer but no differences were observed in spring, autumn and winter. On the other hand, the value of Glo was highest in summer but no differences were observed in spring, autumn, and winter. 7. The values of Pi, Chol, and CI were high in summer and winter, but low in spring and autumn. 8. The values of RBC, MCV, and MCH were significantly different between sex. The value of the RBC count in male was higer than the female, but the adverse is true in MCV, and MCH.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 1993

This experiments were carries out to estimate the optimum final cutting date in autumn and the selection of highly adaptable varieties in mountainous pastures of Taekwalyong area. The evaluations were based on the data of varietal differences of dry weight of lant(DW) and yield components of the 1st cutting as affected by various final cutting dates of last autumn. Nine varieties of fall fescue Barvetia, Fuego, Demeter, Safe Barcel Forager, Johnstone, Enforcer and Stef, were used and 4 final cutting date of autumn were $C_1$, cut on 30 Sept. $C_2$, on 14 Oct. $C_3$, on 28 Oct. and $C_4$ on 11 Nov.. respectively. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Between the dry weight of plant(DM) and yield components of 1st cutting were different by various final cutting dates of autumn. The dry weight of plant(DW) was significantly positive correlated with heading characteristics of the 1st cutting in earlier cuttings$(C_1-C_3)$ of autumn, but there was not significant correlated with heading characteristics of the 1st cutting in the latest cutting$(C_4)$ of autumn. 2. The variety of Forager with heavier weight of heading tiller(HTW) and dry weight of tiller(WT) showed the highest dry weight plant(DW) of the 1st cutting in earlier cuttings$(C_1-C_3)$ of autumn, whereas the variety of Barcel with high number of tillers per plant(NT) showed a high dry weight of plant(DW) of the 1st cutting in the latest cutting$(C_4)$ of autumn. 3. Optimum final cutting date and critical period of mountainous pastures in Taekwalyong area were estimated in late September$(C_1)$ and middle October$(C_2)$, sespectirety. 4. The dry weight of plant(DW) of the 1st cutting was significantly negative correlated with final cutting dates in growth period of autumn.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify distributional characteristics of autumn droughts in occurrence frequency and to analyze synoptic characteristics on the surface pressure fields and 500hPa levels for autumn droughts in Korea. The regional distributions of autumn droughts in occurrence frequency vary according to the monthly regional distributions of the precipitation variabilities in Korea. In september, the southwestern and the mid western parts of Korean Peninsula have high rate of drought frequency, while the eastern coast regions have low rate of it. It means that the regional distribution of the drought frequency in september indicates west-high and east-low pattern. In October, the regional distribution of the drought frequency shows low variations on regions, but in November the inland areas have low rate of drought frequency, whereas the coastal areas have high rate of it. Negative anomalies appear on the surface and 500hPa level, around Korean Peninsula during the drought period of early autumn. Positive height anomalies areas are extended from the Sea of Okhotsk to the central part of the North Pacific Ocean. It indicates that the occurrence frequencies of blocking high and ridge are high around the Sea of Okhotsk. When the pressure system, such as migratory anticyclone, stays around the Korean Peninsula, a drought occurs. In late autumn drought, the positive anomalies appear in the west and the negative anomalies in the east are generated, respectively and therefore, zonal wind is strong around Korean Peninsula. In consequence, occurrences of droughts in early autumn have a different mechanism from those of late autumn.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.32
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• pp.337-370
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• 2011

The academic circle of the Qing Dynasty has seen a new trend, mostly based on Han-Hak through the event of the publication of "Sagojeyo" and sought a new change in the sector of Spring Autumn-Hak as well. This study is focused on understanding and evaluation of the developmental process of especially the traditional Spring Autumn-Hak view, among some views of "Sagojeyo" by the book. "Sagojeyo" does a critical analysis of Gongyang-Hak and Gokryang-Hak and the interpretation of "Spring Autumn" made by Song-Hak scholars, and which seems a kind of preparatory step to build up a new research methodology for Spring Autumn-Hak. "Sagojeyo" emphasizes the importance of "Jwacijeon" and also points out its weaknesses and strongly demands the acceptance of strengths "Gongyangjeon" and "Gokryangjeon" have in order to compensate such demerits. Even further, it tries to evaluate Spring Autumn-Hak of the Song Dynasty objectively and reasonably as possible with no prejudice. Such analysis attitude made it possible for Spring Autumn-Hak to get a new turning point starting from the publication of "Sagojeyo". The new research methodology that comprehensively judges historical research and fidelity discourse could be one of important achievements discovered in the Han-Hak-centered academic circle in the early Qing Dynasty.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.500-503
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of season influencing semen characteristics, frozen-thawed sperm viability and testosterone concentration in Duroc boars. There were no significant differences in the semen volume and sperm concentration of Duroc boars among spring, summer, autumn and winter. However, the pH of sperm-rich and sperm-poor fractions in autumn and winter season was higher than in spring and summer season in Duroc boars. Sperm motility and normal acrosome of raw semen in Duroc boars did not differ significantly among spring, summer, autumn and winter. However, motility and normal acrosome of frozen-thawed sperm were higher in spring season than in summer, autumn and winter. Serum testosterone concentrations in Duroc were higher in spring than summer, autumn and winter. In conclusion, when serum testosterone concentrations were higher in seasons, frozen-thawed sperm viability in Duroc boars were higher.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.333-333
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• 2017

This study was conducted to establish of cropping system for year-round forage crops production in east-southern part of Korea and investigated their productivity and feed values. Cropping systems were tested in experiment using oat (cv. Highspeed and Darkhorse) in spring and autumn season, corn (cv. Kwangpyeongok) and sorghum (ss-450) in summer season and rye (cv. Gogu) and triticale (cv. Joseong) in winter season. Considering the forage productivity and feed value such as acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestive nutrients (TDN), this result suggest that three cropping system for year-round forage crops production. The combinations with triticale (winter), corn or sorghum (summer) and oat (autumn) were would be suitable ones. And also the combinations with rye (winter), corn or sorghum (summer) and oat (autumn) were would be suitable. If forage crops cultivation was started in spring season, the combinations with oat (spring), oat (autumn), triticale or rye (winter), corn or sorghum (summer) and oat (autumn) were would be appropriable. For the more suitable cropping system, we are proceeding on verification experiment of year-round forage crops.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.739-745
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• 1998

Sixteen periparturient Holstein cows calving during summer and autumn were fed to meet maintenance plus last 2 month of gestation level of TDN (MP) and 1.2 time of MP level (HMP). Dry matter intake of cows fed at HMP level during summer and autumn decreased by 1 and 2% of the offered feed in 1 week prepartum, respectively, and cows fed at MP level consumed all of the offered feed. Rectal temperatures at 08 : 30 h of cows fed at HMP level were higher than those of cows fed at MP level. Blood hematocrit and hemoglobin of cows increased during summer and were higher for cows fed at HMP level. Plasma total protein and glucose of cows during summer were higher than those during autumn, and the increased feed intake elevated plasma total protein and glucose. Plasma urea-N of cows fed at MP level was higher than that of cows fed at HMP level during autumn. The increased feed intake decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acid of cows during summer and autumn. These results suggest that blood components of periparturient cows are altered by calving season and feeding level.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.258-262
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• 2005

In autumn, to determine the optimal planting date and plant density of rapeseed in southern areas of Korea, Yudal variety for autumn sowing, the highest yielding variety was grown under three different planting dates and five different plant densities. Yield components such as plant height, ear length, number of seedling stand per $m^2$, number of branches and pod length were highest at the plots with Sep. 30 of planting date and 30/20 cm drilling of plant density. Yield of seed, oil and 1,000 grains weight were highest at the Sep.30 of planting date and 30/20 cm drilling of plant density. Judging from the results reported above, at optimum planting date and plant density of rapeseed seemed to be Sep.30 of planting date and 30/20cm plant density in autumn sowing.