• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1996.04a
• /
• pp.218-218
• /
• 1996

Brazilin은 포도당 수송을 증가시키는 물질로 autooxidation에 의하여 산화되면서 hydrogen peroxide를 생성할 것으로 추정되었으며, hydrogen peroxide는 phosphatase를 억제하여 포도당 수송을 증가시키는 것으로 보고되었다. 따라서 본 실험에서 brazilin의 산화에 의한 hydrogen peroxide의 생성여부를 확인하고 phosphatase 활성에 미치는 braziline의 작용을 살펴보았다. 먼저 UV absorption spectra를 이용하여 brazilin이 반응액중에서 구조적인 변화를 일으키는지 확인하였다. Hydrogen peroxide의 생성은 rhodamine 123를 이용한 형광측정법으로 측정하였으며, phosphatase의 활성은 pH에 따른 phosphatase의 활성을 p-NPP의 탈인산화의 UV 흡광도 변화로 측정하였다. PP2A의 활성은 phosphorylase a를 기질로 하여 측정하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.547-551
• /
• 2001

The comparative activities of acetone, ethanol, and aqueous fractions extracted from fruit powder of Cudrania tricuspidata by different temperature were tested by in vitro experimental models; peroxidation of linoleic acid and autooxidation of rat hepatic and renal microsomes by using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) for assay of free malondialdehyde production, and scavenging activities of free radicals by DPPH (α, α'-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl). In DPPH method, acetone fraction extracted at 30℃ showed the highest free radical scavenging activities and acetone fractions extracted at 30℃ and 60℃ and ethanol fraction extracted at 30℃ showed stronger than BHT (butylated hydroxitoluene) although used ten-fold lower concentrations. In thiocyanate method used linoleic acid an inhibitory effects of all fractions showed higher than control treatment. TBA method used linoleic acid showed the highest antioxidative activity in acetone fraction extracted at 30℃ and 60℃. an inhibition activity against lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomes of rats showed the highest at acetone faction extracted at acetone fraction among extracted fractions was shown to be the most potent antioxidative properties and this action was more potent in fractions extracted at 30℃ than those extracted at 60℃.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.1310-1315
• /
• 1999

Polyphenolic compounds widely occurring in the traditional medicine plants have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activity. The antioxidative substances of water soluble extract from leaves, stem bark, root bark and fruit powder of Cudrania tricuspidata were tested in three different in vitro experimental models. In oxidation models using DPPH( , ' diphenyl picrylhydrazyl) method, Fe2+ induced linoleic acid peroxidation, and autooxidation of hepatic microsomal membranes, the antioxidative activities of water soluble extract from stem bark were strong than that from leaves and root bark. Fruits of Cudrania tricuspidata contained the highest amounts of polyphenolic compounds among the parts of this plant. The changes in polyphenolic compound contents of fruit powder caused by heat treatment (20oC, 40oC, and 60oC) were also monitored. After water blanching, contents of phenolic compounds was increased slightly in the following order; 20oC(1454mg), 40oC(1487mg), and 60oC(1511mg). These results supports that water soluble extracts from Cudrania tricuspidata contain antioxidative compounds.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.16
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 1996

While the enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR), in anaerobic/aerobic condition, was known to remove phosphorus by means of metabolism of poly-P microorganisms, the phosphorus removed could be released in the form of ortho-P in the aerobic fixed biofilm reactor. This study was initiated to investigate the cause of ortho-P release in the aerobic fixed biofilm reactor. The resutls indicated that the phosphorus release was caused by autooxidation. The synthesis and release of phosphrous were related to the ORP and the boundary value for the phase change was about 170mV. In the synthesis phase, the phosphorus removal rate per COD removed was $0.023mgP_{syn}/mgCOD_{rem}$. The phosprous contents of the microorganism were 4.3 ~ 6.0% on a dry weight basis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
• /
• 2009.12a
• /
• pp.316-316
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environment-friendly materials on garlic cultivation, and the methods for processing garlic at proper ripening stage to increase its antioxidant properties and market value. The functional properties of garlic and processed black garlic were analyzed in vitro and ex vivo. The ethanol extracts of garlic and black garlic were used in the antioxidant, linoleic acid autooxidation, lipid oxidation and RAW264.7 indicator cell using NO induced activity analyses. Also, toxicity tests by RBL-2H3 and RAW264.7 indicator cell using MTT assay were compared. Obesity inhibition test of garlic and black garlic were also studied.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.1378-1385
• /
• 1999

The antioxidative activity of Fermented Anchovy on linoleic acid autooxidation was investigated in an aqueous system at pH 7.0. All solvent fractions from Fermented Anchovy were exhibited the strong antioxidative activity. Especially, BuOH and aqueous fractions were gained large amounts with strong antioxidative activity. Ultrafiltration, dialysis, heat treatment of aqueous fraction indicated that water-soluble antioxidants of Fermented Anchovy were heat-resistant, amino acid related compounds with smaller molecular weights than 1,000. Unbound fractions from DE-52 anion exchange chromatography were exhibited antioxidative activity with or without $15\;{\mu}M\;Fe^{+++}\;ion$. We were able to purify one methionine derivative from lots of antioxidative substances in Fermented Anchovy aqueous fraction by gel filtration, anion-exchange chromatography, TLC and HPLC, successfully. These data suggest that Fermented Anchovy aqueous fraction is a mixture of fermented small molecules with strong antioxidative activities.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.34
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1984

Effect of ascorbic acid on various hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzymes including alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), the microsomal . ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS), and catalase was quantitatively evaluated in liver microsomal and cytosolic preparation from Sprague-Dowley rats. In present study, ADH activities were no changed significantly by ascorbic acid. The MEOS activity, dependent on NADPH and $O_2$, was affected by azide (inhibitor of catalase) or exogenous catalase. In the presence of ascorbic acid, ethanol oxidation by rat liver microsomal preparation reacted with NADPH-generating system was increased by up to 22.5%, but decreased when liver microsome was reacted with $H_2O_2$ generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Increase in the activity of the MEOS in the presence of ascorbic acid was greater in liver microsomal preparation pretreated with azide. Also ascorbic acid oxidized ethanol nonenzymatically. This ethanol oxidation induced by ascorbic acid was inhibited by OH radical scavengers (thiourea, sodium benzoate), but was not much affected by superoxide dismutase. From these results it was suggested that ascorbic acidcould interact directly with the MEOS, then promote the oxidation of ethanol. And, to some extent, ${\cdot}OH$-radicals or other radicals generated during the spontaneous autooxidation of ascorbic acid may be responsible for the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.904-909
• /
• 2009

The beneficial effects derived from consuming natural antioxidants may not depend on the action of an individual antioxidant, but rather on the concerted action of several antioxidants naturally present. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations and combinations of antioxidants that can produce synergistic effects (SyEs). Quantification of the lipoperoxyl radical scavenging capacity of antioxidants was carried out in a homogeneous model system where the free radicals were produced by the oxidation of methyl linoleate, initiated by the 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile). The greatest SyE (2.21, p<0.05) was seen in mixtures of all 4 antioxidants when used with concentrations of 15 ${\mu}M$ lycopene, 2.5 ${\mu}M$ vitamin E, 0.16 ${\mu}M$ vitamin C, and 10 ${\mu}M$ ${\beta}-carotene$. Doubling the vitamin E concentration from 2.5 to 5.0 ${\mu}M$ in the mixture with all 4 antioxidant reduced the SyE to 1.69 (p<0.05). Other combinations produced synergistic effects that ranged from 1.28 to 1.41.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.44-56
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the reaction characteristics of piggery wastewater for biological nutrient removal. The reaction characteristics were discussed the fraction of organics, the behavior of nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification, and the behavior of phosphorus. The fraction of readily biodegradable soluble COD was 11-12 percent. The ammonia nitrogen was removed via stripping, nitrification, autotrophic cell synthesis, and heterotrophic cell synthesis. The removal percents by each step were 12.1%, 68.9%, 15.0%, and 4.0%, respectively. Nitrification inhibition of piggery wastewater was found to occur at an influent volumetric loading rate over 0.2 NH$_{3}$-N kg/m$^{3}$/d. Denitrification rates were the highest in the raw wastewater and the lowest in the anaerobic effluent. The denitritation of piggery wastewater came out to be possible, and the rate of organic carbon consumption decreased about 10 percent. The phosphorus removed was released in the form of ortho-p in the aerobic fixed biofilm reactor, it was caused by autooxidation. The synthesis and release of phosphorus were related to the ORP and the boundary value for the phase change was about 170mV. In the synthesis phase, the phosphorus removal rate per COD removed was 0.023mgP$_{syn}$/mgCOD$_{rem}$. The phosphorus contents of the microorganism were 4.3-6.0% on a dry weight basis.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1997

This research aims to develop biofilm process for the nutrient removal of piggery wastewater. The developed process is the four stage anoxic-oxic biofilm process with recirculation of the final effluent. In summery, the results are as follows: 1. Nitrification in the piggery wastewater built up nitrite because of the high strength ammonia nitrogen. The nitrification of nitrobacter by free ammonia was inhibited in the total ammonia nitrogen loading rate with more than 0.2 kgNH$_{3}$-N/m$^{3}$·d. 2. The maximal total ammonia nitrogen removal rate was obtained at 22$\circ $C and without being affected by the loading rate. But total oxidized nitrogen production rate was largely affected by loading rate. 3. Autooxidation by the organic limit was a cause of the phosphorus release in the aerobic biofilm process. But the phosphorus removal rate was 90 percent less than the influent phosphorus volumetric loading rate of above 0.1 kgP/m$^{3}$·d. Therefore, the phosphorus removal necessarily accompanied the influent loading rate. 4. On the anoxic-oxic BF process, the total average COD mass balance was approximately 67.6 percent. Under this condition, the COD mass removal showed that the cell synthesis and metabolism in aerobic reactor was 42.8 percent and that the denitrification in anoxic reactor was 10.7 percent, respectively.