• 제목/요약/키워드: Autonomous driving system

검색결과 482건 처리시간 0.028초

Visual SLAM의 건설현장 실내 측위 활용성 분석 (Analysis of Applicability of Visual SLAM for Indoor Positioning in the Building Construction Site)

  • 김태진;박지원;이병민;배강민;윤세빈;김태훈
    • 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
    • /
    • pp.47-48
    • /
    • 2022
  • The positioning technology that measures the position of a person or object is a key technology to deal with the location of the real coordinate system or converge the real and virtual worlds, such as digital twins, augmented reality, virtual reality, and autonomous driving. In estimating the location of a person or object at an indoor construction site, there are restrictions that it is impossible to receive location information from the outside, the communication infrastructure is insufficient, and it is difficult to install additional devices. Therefore, this study tested the direct sparse odometry algorithm, one of the visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) that estimate the current location and surrounding map using only image information, at an indoor construction site and analyzed its applicability as an indoor positioning technology. As a result, it was found that it is possible to properly estimate the surrounding map and the current location even in the indoor construction site, which has relatively few feature points. The results of this study can be used as reference data for researchers related to indoor positioning technology for construction sites in the future.

  • PDF

V2X 통신 기술 동향 (V2X Communication Technology Trends)

  • Han-gyun Jung;Seong-keun Jin;Jae-min Kwak
    • 한국항행학회논문지
    • /
    • 제27권6호
    • /
    • pp.861-864
    • /
    • 2023
  • Recently, V2X (vehicle-to-everyting) communication has established itself as an essential technology for cooperative autonomous driving. V2X communication currently includes DSRC (dedicated short range communication) communication technology, which is a WLAN (wireless local area network) based communication technology, and C-V2X (cellular-V2X) communication technology, which is a Cellular-based communication technology. Since these two communication methods are not compatible with each other, various studies and experiments are being conducted to select one of the two communication methods. In the case of C-V2X communication, there are LTE-V2X (long term evolutionV2X) communication technology, which is an initial version, and 5G-V2X communication technology, which is a next-generation version. 5G-V2X communication technology has been completed only until standardization, so LTE-V2X communication technology is mainly used. In this paper, we introduce trends related to various issues in V2X communication, including communication method decisions.

국방 데이터를 활용한 인셉션 네트워크 파생 이미지 분류 AI의 설명 가능성 연구 (A Study on the Explainability of Inception Network-Derived Image Classification AI Using National Defense Data)

  • 조강운
    • 한국군사과학기술학회지
    • /
    • 제27권2호
    • /
    • pp.256-264
    • /
    • 2024
  • In the last 10 years, AI has made rapid progress, and image classification, in particular, are showing excellent performance based on deep learning. Nevertheless, due to the nature of deep learning represented by a black box, it is difficult to actually use it in critical decision-making situations such as national defense, autonomous driving, medical care, and finance due to the lack of explainability of judgement results. In order to overcome these limitations, in this study, a model description algorithm capable of local interpretation was applied to the inception network-derived AI to analyze what grounds they made when classifying national defense data. Specifically, we conduct a comparative analysis of explainability based on confidence values by performing LIME analysis from the Inception v2_resnet model and verify the similarity between human interpretations and LIME explanations. Furthermore, by comparing the LIME explanation results through the Top1 output results for Inception v3, Inception v2_resnet, and Xception models, we confirm the feasibility of comparing the efficiency and availability of deep learning networks using XAI.

영기선 테스트를 이용한 GNSS 수신기 조합별 코드의사거리 이중차분 잡음 특성 분석 (Analysis of Double-Differenced Code-Pseudorange Noise Characteristics of GNSS Receiver Combinations using Zero-Baseline Test)

  • 박봉규;박관동
    • Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
    • /
    • 제13권3호
    • /
    • pp.245-256
    • /
    • 2024
  • Following the introduction of civilian navigation, the commercial Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers' market has been expanding in various fields such as autonomous driving and smart cities. With improved receiver performance and widespread use of GNSS, the configurations of base and rover receivers are becoming more complex. As a result, user must consider combinations of base stations with different qualities, costs, and performances. To address these issues, we conducted zero-baseline tests to analyze the double-differenced code-pseudorange noise of various receiver combinations, ranging from low- to high-cost. The results showed that the noise varied depending on the receiver combination. Notably, receivers from the same manufacturer exhibited similar noise and positioning errors despite significant price differences. We also found that the double-differenced noise of all receiver combinations was correlated with the Carrier-to-Noise Density Ratio (C/N0), the satellite elevation angle, and the Doppler shift, and it did not perfectly follow a normal distribution. Further analysis based on Modified Allan Deviation (MDEV) showed that different types of noise were observed for each receiver combination and the double-differenced noise and positioning errors have similar statistical characteristics. From this study, the importance of receiver combinations and their various characteristics can be better understood.

딥러닝 기반의 객체 탐지 모델을 활용한 과수 생육 단계 판별 시스템 (A System for Determining the Growth Stage of Fruit Tree Using a Deep Learning-Based Object Detection Model)

  • 방지현;박준;박성욱;김준영;정세훈;심춘보
    • 스마트미디어저널
    • /
    • 제11권4호
    • /
    • pp.9-18
    • /
    • 2022
  • 인공지능 기술의 발전으로 다양한 분야에서 AI가 접목된 시스템에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있다. 농업에서도 정보통신 기술을 적용한 스마트팜이 활용되고 있으며, 자율주행, 인공위성, 빅데이터 등의 다양한 첨단 기술을 접목하여 데이터 기반의 정밀 농업이 상용화되고 있다. 국내의 경우 시설농업 분야 스마트농업의 상용화 사례가 증가하고 있으나 시설원예 분야에 투자 편증이 심하여, 시설농업과 노지 농업의 투자 격차가 지속해서 벌어지고 있다. 특히, 과수, 식물공장 분야는 투자 규모가 작다. 또한, 빅데이터 수집, 활용 체계가 미흡하다는 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 농업의 빅데이터를 활용하는 방안으로 딥러닝 기반의 객체 탐지 모델을 활용한 과수 생육 단계 판별 시스템을 제안한다. 해당 시스템은 농업 현장에서 사용할 수 있도록 하이브리드 앱을 설계 및 구현하며 과수 생육단계 판별을 위한 객체 탐지 기능을 제공한다.

차량용 인포테인먼트 시스템의 주요 속성에 대한 이용자 선호 분석 (Analyzing consumer preferences by major attributes of in-vehicle infotainment systems)

  • 김정환;김민성
    • 디지털융복합연구
    • /
    • 제20권5호
    • /
    • pp.617-626
    • /
    • 2022
  • 자율주행 환경이 도래함에 따라 자동차는 미디어를 향유할 수 있는 공간으로 진화하고 있다. 차량 내 인포테인먼트(IVI) 시스템의 성장은 운전자와 동승자에게 다양한 혜택과 가치를 제공할 수 있다. 이를 위한 사업자들의 기술 개발 및 관련 연구가 이루어지고 있지만, 이용자가 실제로 원하는 IVI 시스템이 어떤 모습인지에 대한 연구는 부족했다. 이에 본 연구는 IVI의 주요 속성별 이용자 선호를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 인포테인먼트 서비스를 이용한 경험이 있는 운전자를 대상으로 컨조인트 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 응답자들은 IVI의 여러 속성 중 제공사업자, 시스템 구동 형태, 중심 서비스, 중점 콘텐츠의 순서로 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 나타났으며, 통신사 주도형, 탈부착이 가능한 형태, 정보 중심의 서비스와 기존에 소비하던 콘텐츠 위주로 제공되는 인포테인먼트 시스템을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 IVI 개발에 있어 사업자들이 참고할 수 있는 실무적 시사점, 특히 융합 관점에서의 시사점을 제공하며, 향후 전문가 조사에 기반한 연구가 이루어지면 의미 있으리라 기대한다.

시내버스 승하차 의도분석 기반 사고방지 AI 시스템 연구 (A study on accident prevention AI system based on estimation of bus passengers' intentions)

  • 박성환;변선오;박정훈
    • 스마트미디어저널
    • /
    • 제12권11호
    • /
    • pp.57-66
    • /
    • 2023
  • 본 논문에서는 시내버스 내 CCTV 시스템을 활용, 비전AI 기반의 승하차 승객 의도를 예측하여 사고방지가 가능한 시스템에 대해 연구한 내용을 기술한다. 본 시스템은 YOLOv7 Pose 모델과 Object Tracking 기술을 활용하여 버스 내부의 승객을 감지하고 추적하며, LSTM 모델을 활용하여 승객의 승하차 여부를 예측한다. 시스템은 버스 내 CCTV 단말기 상에 설치 가능하여 운전 중 어느 때에나 승하차 여부 예측 결과를 시각적으로 확인할 수 있으며, 운전자에게 자동 알람을 주어 승하차 시 일어날 수 있는 사고를 예방할 수 있다. 테스트 결과, 승객의 승차 의도를 분석하는 채널 A와 하차 의도를 예측하는 채널 C에서 각각 0.81과 0.79의 정확도를 달성하였으며, 실시간성을 보장하기 위해 GPU 환경에서 초당 최소 5 프레임 이상의 분석이 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 알고리즘을 통해 시내버스 운행 중의 승객 승하차 과정을 모니터링하고, 그 안전과 편의성에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다. 추후 하드웨어가 발전하고, DB를 통해 데이터가 많이 수집된다면, 이 또한 다양한 안전 관련 지표로의 확장이 가능할 것이다. 더불어 본 알고리즘은 추후 자율주행 버스 상용화 시, 인간을 대신하여 승객 안전에 더욱 핵심적인 역할을 수행할 것이라 생각되며, 기타 지하철 및 승객이 내리고 탈 수 있는 모든 대중교통 환경에의 확장 또한 가능하여 대중교통의 안전화에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각한다.

3-D Hetero-Integration Technologies for Multifunctional Convergence Systems

  • 이강욱
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
    • /
    • 제22권2호
    • /
    • pp.11-19
    • /
    • 2015
  • Since CMOS device scaling has stalled, three-dimensional (3-D) integration allows extending Moore's law to ever high density, higher functionality, higher performance, and more diversed materials and devices to be integrated with lower cost. 3-D integration has many benefits such as increased multi-functionality, increased performance, increased data bandwidth, reduced power, small form factor, reduced packaging volume, because it vertically stacks multiple materials, technologies, and functional components such as processor, memory, sensors, logic, analog, and power ICs into one stacked chip. Anticipated applications start with memory, handheld devices, and high-performance computers and especially extend to multifunctional convengence systems such as cloud networking for internet of things, exascale computing for big data server, electrical vehicle system for future automotive, radioactivity safety system, energy harvesting system and, wireless implantable medical system by flexible heterogeneous integrations involving CMOS, MEMS, sensors and photonic circuits. However, heterogeneous integration of different functional devices has many technical challenges owing to various types of size, thickness, and substrate of different functional devices, because they were fabricated by different technologies. This paper describes new 3-D heterogeneous integration technologies of chip self-assembling stacking and 3-D heterogeneous opto-electronics integration, backside TSV fabrication developed by Tohoku University for multifunctional convergence systems. The paper introduce a high speed sensing, highly parallel processing image sensor system comprising a 3-D stacked image sensor with extremely fast signal sensing and processing speed and a 3-D stacked microprocessor with a self-test and self-repair function for autonomous driving assist fabricated by 3-D heterogeneous integration technologies.

Fail-safe를 적용한 다수 AVP 차량 및 아키텍처 설계 (Design for System Architecture of Multiple AVPs with Fail-safe based on Dynamic Network)

  • 우훈제;김재환;성경복;김정하
    • 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
    • /
    • 제18권6호
    • /
    • pp.584-593
    • /
    • 2012
  • This paper introduces an AVP (Automated Valet Parking) system which applies an autonomous driving concept into the current PAS (Parking Assistant System). The present commercial PAS technology is limited into vehicle. It means vehicle only senses and controls by and for itself to assist the parking. Therefore, the present PAS is restricted to simple parking events. But AVP includes wider parking events and planning because it uses infra-sensor network as well as vehicle sensor. For the realization of AVP, the commercial steering system of a compact vehicle was modified into steer-by-wire structure and various sensors like LRF (Long Range Finder) and camera were installed in a parking area. And local & global server decides where and when the vehicle can go and park in the testing area after recognized the status of environment and vehicle from those sensors. GPS solution was used to validate the AVP performance. More various parking situations, vehicles and obstacles will be considered in the next research stages based on these results. And we expect this AVP solution with more intelligent vehicles can be applied in a big parking lot like a market, an amusement park, etc.

Ultra-low-latency services in 5G systems: A perspective from 3GPP standards

  • Jun, Sunmi;Kang, Yoohwa;Kim, Jaeho;Kim, Changki
    • ETRI Journal
    • /
    • 제42권5호
    • /
    • pp.721-733
    • /
    • 2020
  • Recently, there is an increasing demand for ultra-low-latency (ULL) services such as factory automation, autonomous driving, and telesurgery that must meet an end-to-end latency of less than 10 ms. Fifth-generation (5G) New Radio guarantees 0.5 ms one-way latency, so the feasibility of ULL services is higher than in previous mobile communications. However, this feasibility ensures performance at the radio access network level and requires an innovative 5G network architecture for end-to-end ULL across the entire 5G system. Hence, we survey in detailed two the 3rd Generation Partnership Party (3GPP) standardization activities to ensure low latency at network level. 3GPP standardizes mobile edge computing (MEC), a low-latency solution at the edge network, in Release 15/16 and is standardizing time-sensitive communication in Release 16/17 for interworking 5G systems and IEEE 802.1 time-sensitive networking (TSN), a next-generation industry technology for ensuring low/deterministic latency. We developed a 5G system based on 3GPP Release 15 to support MEC with a potential sub-10 ms end-to-end latency in the edge network. In the near future, to provide ULL services in the external network of a 5G system, we suggest a 5G-IEEE TSN interworking system based on 3GPP Release 16/17 that meets an end-to-end latency of 2 ms.