• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.406-409
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• 1997

In this paper, the power spectral analysis and fractral dimension analysis of heart rate variability(HRV) were performed to evaluate effects of orthostatic stress with head-up tilt on autonomic nervous system(ANS) for 24 young and healthy subjects(age: $24{\pm}5yr$.). The ECG and respiration signals were recorded at the tilt angle of $0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;70^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ successively for 5 minutes per each stage under the condition of frequency controlled respiration (0.25Hz). Heart rate(HR) gradually increased as the angle increased. Similarly, according to the increment of angle, normalized low frequency(LF) component(0.05-0.15Hz) gradually increased, whereas normalized high frequency(HF) component (0.20-0.30Hz) was reduced. From these results it is speculated that orthostatic stress, head-up tilt, results in the prevalence of sympathetic tone in autonomic balance with the increment of sympathetic tone and the decrement of parasympathetic tone, which seems to mean that autonomic nervous system plays a major role in compensating for disturbances of cardiovascular system due to it.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.211-224
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a way to alleviate motion sickness(MS) by stimulating acupoint through PEMFs, and to assess the effectiveness of PEMFs against stimulation previously used to stimulate acupoint using biosignal evaluations and surveys. Materials and Methods: Thirteen healthy men participated in the experiment. MS was induced in the participants, and MS relief stimulation was applied for 30 minutes. There were 4 types of MS relief stimulation, and Sham, Reliefband, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS), and Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation(PEMFs) were used. The biosignals were measured during 30 minutes of applying MS relief stimulation, and the symptoms of MS were evaluated through a questionnaire survey. The measured biosignals are Electrocardiogram(ECG), Electrodermal activity(EDA), Respiration, Skin temperature(SKT), and Electrogastrogram(EGG). A one-way ANOVA test was performed for the rate of change by stimulation for MS relief over time. Results: Participants who were stimulated had a sharp decrease in MS symptoms. Biosignals were analyzed to evaluate autonomic nervous system activity, and the parasympathetic nervous system could be activated through stimulation. Conclusion: TENS and PEMFs were more effective in relieving MS symptoms than Reliefband. It is believed that PEMFs will be effective in consideration of the comfort of participants to be applied to actual vehicles, and studies to further verify the effects of PEMFs on MS should be conducted.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to provide mechanism information of a link between arousal and sensory modulation to increase understanding of neurophysiological study. Subject : Optimal arousal state of a child is an important issue in sensory integration therapy. Limbic system and reticular formation are related to sensory modulation by sensory input. Sensory inputs processes from reticular formation to cortex via ascending reticular activation system for moderate arousal. A lot of neurotransmitters such as cholinergic neurons and monoamin neurons help this processes. Mechanism of arousal was measured by functions of central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) using objective tools such as an electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrodermal responses. Functions of CNS and ANS showed differences between normal children and children with disabilities. Optimal sensory input using sensory integration therapy for children with disabilities helps to act reticular formation, limbic system, and cortex and to maintain appropriate arousal. Conclusion : Such quantitative studies by using neurophysiological methods provide evidence for sensory integration therapy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 2008

We investigated whether 1) the combined capsaicin (75 mg), sesamin (30 mg), and L-carnitine (900 mg) (CCSC) ingestion enhances autonomic nervous system (ANS) activities including thermogenic sympathetic activity as energy metabolic modulator, 2) ${\beta}_3-AR$ polymorphism of each subject influences with ANS activity. Seven healthy males $(22.0{\pm}0.5\;yr)$ volunteered for this study. The cardiac autonomic nervous activities evaluated by means of heart rate variability of power spectral analysis were continuously measured during 5 min every 30 min for total 120 min resting condition with CCSC or placebo oral administration chosen at random. The results indicated that, there are not $Arp/Arg^{64}$ variants of the ${\beta}_3-AR$ genotypes in our subjects. There were not also significant differences in heart rate during rest between both trials. The difference of ANS activity did not reach the statistical significance between both trials. However, the significant improvement showed TOTAL power, HF component, and the indices of SNS and PNS activities before and at 30 min after CCSC ingestion (p<0.05, respectively). In conclusions, although each component of combined CCSC is associated with lipolysis and/or fat oxidation, the combined CCSC consumption is not influenced in stimulation of thermogenic sympathetic activity as modulator of energy metabolism. In rather, our results suggested that CCSC ingestion improves the balance of both SNS and PNS activities. Therefore, it will be considered many combined nutrient components for ergogenic and/or lipolysis effects as well as genetic variants affecting ANS activity in further studies.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2007

Objective: The first aim of this study is to determine the effects of acupuncture on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) via Heart Rate (HR) and Pupil Size (PS), and to compare the effects of acupuncture on the subjects' ANS when they are in a sitting position with the effects when they are in a supine position. Methods: Ten healthy male subjects were randomized to receive either verum acupuncture stimulation in a sitting position (SitV), verum acupuncture stimulation in a supine position (SupV), sham acupuncture stimulation in a sitting position (SitS), and sham acupuncture stimulation in a supine position (SupS). Acupuncture stimulation was applied to Neguan point (PC6) on the forearm. The subject's electrocardiogram (ECG) and pupil size were recorded continuously from 5 min before stimulation to 12 min after stimulation. Results: Verum and sham acupuncture stimulation were found to have reduced heart rate (p<0.01) and to have increased pupil size (p<0.01) in all the subjects. But when the reduction in HR and the increment in PS after verum acupuncture stimulation (both sitting and supine position) were compared with those after sham acupuncture stimulation, it was found that the reduction in HR (74.48 and 73.47 bpm, p<0.063) and the increment of PS (7.32 and, 6.10 mm, p<0.001) after verum acupuncture stimulation were greater than those after sham acupuncture stimulation, and that the corresponding values were statistically significant. In addition, at the baseline, it was found that the subjects had a larger PS and a faster HR in a sitting position than when they did so in a supine position. And then the reduction and increment ratio in the subject's HR and PS when they underwent acupuncture stimulation in a sitting position was significantly different from the reduction and increment in their HR and PS when they underwent the procedure in a supine position-i.e., the reduction ratio in HR was greater when they underwent the procedure in a sitting position, and such reduction ratio was statistically significant (p<0.05). As for the increment in PS, it was greater when the subjects underwent the procedure in a supine position, and such increment was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Manual acupuncture stimulation on Neguan point (PC6) has more significant influence on the autonomic nervous system rather than sham acupuncture (tactile stimulation). And the position-induced different states of ANS have different influence on the acupuncture effect.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2006

Objectives : A variety of symptoms are typically reported during anxiety period, several of which are clearly linked to the autonomic nervous system(ANS), such as palpitations, chest pain and shortness of breath. Using spectral analysis of heart rate, several studies have shown that patients with anxiety disorder are characterized by a reduced heart rate variability(HRV), indicative of abnormalities in ANS fuction. To further evaluate the effect of anxiety and medication on autonomic function, 30 patients and 30 matched control subjects were assessed. Methods : Using spectral analysis of heart rate, which consisted of standardised measurements of HRV, we compared ANS between 30 patients with DSM-IV diagnosed anxiety disorder and 30 healthy controls, and investigated the autonomic effects of SSRI treatment. Five-minute HRV recordings were obtained before and after SSRI treatment and were analysed. Results : Five-minute HRV recordings in anxiety disorder patients revealed that a significant reduction in HRV was shown compared to controls. There was no significant changes in HRV between before and after SSRI treatment. Conclusion: Anxiety disorder patients showed a significant reduction in HRV compared to controls. SSRIs do not affect HRV influenced by ANS function. Further study is needed to confirm these things. Patients with anxiety disorder may suffer from functional disturbances in the interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic tree.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.22 no.52
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• pp.203-210
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• 1999

We report on some of the preliminary results of the physiological responses resulting from vehicular speed changes. Healthy human subjects (n=5) were studied for the experiments. We measured the physiological responses of the subjects such as Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), and skin temperature for day and night vehicular speed change experiments, respectively. Before and after the tasks, we carried out a self-report for acquiring correlation with experiment results. Mean heart rate variability (HRV) and amplitude of GSR and skin temperature were calculated for 3 minutes duration in each state. The analysis of the physiological measures of ANS activity revealed that vehicle speed change-based affective state evoked arousal response pattern featured by HR acceleration, decrease of skin temperature, and increase of GSR amplitude. The obtained results show that despite some differences observed between each state, overall physiological responses show that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases as a result of the increase of speed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2012

Background: Primary hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive sweating, which shares several features with anxiety disorders and has a negative impact on a patient's quality of life. Oral glycopyrrolate is one of the treatments available. There are a few published studies on the use of glycopyrrolate given orally in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Methods: Thies is study was a review of case notes in a series of 36 patients with primary hyperhidrosis. We made a comparison between the Keller's scale score of a pre-glycopyrrolate medication group and the Keller's scale score f a post-glycopyrrolate medication group. The Milanez de Campos score, Short Form_36 (SF-36) score, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) score, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) scale score were also compared between the two groups. Results: In the post-glycopyrrolate medication group, there were declines in Keller's scale, and Milanez de Campos scale score and BAI score (P < 0.001). In addition, there were increases in SF_36 score in the post-glycopyrrolate medication group (P = 0.03) However, no changes were seen in, BDI score and ANS score in the post-glycopyrrolate medication group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Glycopyrrolate is an effective initial method of treating primary hyperhidrosis that, reduces anxiety and improve patients' quality of life.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2013

Compensatory hyperhidrosis or reflex hyperhidrosis is the increase in sweating in the postoperative stage of thoracic sympathectomy or lumbar sympathectomy. It shares several features with anxiety disorders and has a negative impact on a patient's quality of life. Oralglycopyrrolate is one of the treatment options available. This study reviewed case notes in a series of 19 patients with compensatory hyperhidrosis. We made a comparison between the Milanez de Campos score of a pre-glycopyrrolate medication group and the Milanez de Campos score of a post-glycopyrrolate medication group. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) score, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) scale score were also compared between the pre-medication and post-medication groups. In the post-glycopyrrolate medication group, there was decrease in the Milanez de Campos score, BAI score, and BDI score (P < 0.05). But no meaningful change was seen in the ANS score in the post-glycopyrrolate medication group (P > 0.05). Glycopyrrolate is an effective medication in the treatment of compensatory hyperhidrosis that, can alleviate anxiety and improve patients' quality of life.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2006

Objective : This research was designed to study the characteristics of heart rate variability in postpartum women compared with normal women. Method : HRV data of postpartum women were gathered from 255 women who was hospitalized for oriental postpartum treatments(Age : 25-35). HRV data of comparison group were gathered from 327 women who visited hospital to check up their health(Age : 25-35). The SPSS 12.0 for windows was used to analyze the date and the independent samples t-test was used to verify the result. Result : 1. Mean-RR and SDNN of postpartum women group significantly decreased compared with that of normal women group. But, Heart Rate of postpartum women group significantly increased compared with that of normal women group. 2. HRV-Index, RMSSD and SDSD of postpartum women group significantly decreased compared with that of normal women group. pNN50 of postpartum women group significantly increased compared with that of normal women group. 3. Ln(TP), Ln(VLF), Ln(LF) and Ln(HF) of postpartum women group significantly increased compared with that of normal women group. 4. There were no significant differences in Normal LF, Normal HF and LF/DF Ratio between postpartum women group and normal women group. Conclusion : The result suggest that the function of heart of postpartum women group significantly decreased compared with that of normal women group. Futhermore although the ANS maintained the balance in the range of normality, the sympathetic nervous system frequently revitalized which caused increasing the heart of pulsation.