• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2941-2946
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• 2007

A model of the cardiovascular system coupling cell, hemodynamics and autonomic nervecontrol function is proposed for analyzing heart mechanics. We developed a comprehensive cardiovascular model with multi-physics and multi-scale characteristics that simulates the physiological events from membrane excitation of a cardiac cell to contraction of the human heart and systemic blood circulation and ultimately to autonomic nerve control. Using this model, we delineatedthe cellular mechanism of heart contractility mediated by nerve control function. To verify the integrated method, we simulated a 10% hemorrhage, which involves cardiac cell mechanics, circulatory hemodynamics, and nerve control function. The computed and experimental results were compared. Using this methodology, the state of cardiac contractility, influenced by diverse properties such as the afterload and nerve control systems, is easily assessed in an integrated manner.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.5-32
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• 2004

We have studied the effect and application of CST which is the function and disease of the autonomic nerve system based on recovery of flexibleness of the autonomic nerve. CST purpose to keep sustenance of human body by recovering joints have limitation of mobility and controlling autonomic nerve system by diminution tense of the sympathetic nerve. CST makes well flowing of CSF by pressure the fourth ventricle of the brain or relaxation of soft tissues of the base of a cranial bone. There is no result of studies about CST in Korea yet. It will bring a benefit if it prove the effect of CST in countries depend on drugs way high such as Korea. It needs positive approach and definite research for the improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1999

The vocal fold has three major function-phonation, respiration and protection, and is richly innervated. The vocal 1314 its autonomic innervation-adrenergic and cholinergic from superior cervical ganglion and the vagus nerve, respectively. The action of both system account for vasoregulation and glandular activity. In e vocal fold several kin of neuropeptides, including SP, CGRP, VIP, TH, NPY, ENK have been reported at the animal including cat or dog. But information regarding the distribution of autonomic nerve fibers containing neuropeptides in the human vocal fold is lacking. Two neuropeptides are of special interest : 1) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP)that is known to be contained in the parasympathetic(cholinergic) neuron. 2) tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)is located in the cytoplasm of noradrenergic neuron and is the rate-limiting enzyme in noradrenaline synthesis. To understand specific autonomic function of vocal fold we did immunohistochemical examination of VIP and TH in the human vocal fold.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.101-110
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• 2007

Purpose: Oligomenorrhea is clinically important because it can be progressed to amenorrhea. The purpose of this study is to analyse Autonomic Nerve Function of some oligomenorrheic patients by using HRV(Heart Rate Variability). Methods: We studied 35 patients visiting OO Oriental Hospital from 1st November 2006 to 31th May 2007. One woman who takes antidepressant is excluded. 17 oligomenorrheic group and 17 normal menstrual cycle group were compared with HRV. The SPSS 12.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and Mann Whitney U-test were used to verify the results. Results: Mean PR, LF norm, LF/HF ratio of oligimenorrheic group are higher than normal menstrual cycle group. But there is no statistically significance. SDNN, RMS-SD, ln TP, ln VLF, ln LF, ln HF, HF norm of oligimenorrheic group are lower than normal menstrual cycle group. But there is no statistically significance. Conclusion: It can be suggested that oligomenorrhea can be related to increased activities of sympathetic nerve and decreased activities of general autonomic nerve function. But, we need study with more subjects for settling this.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.99-113
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• 2019

Objectives: This study is designed to identify the responses of autonomic nervous system and gastrointestinal function which are induced by acupuncture at abdominal anterior cutaneous nerve. Methods: This study is one group before and after pilot study. Subjects were treated once, after having been fasting six hours. They had before tests, labeling points for acupuncture, acupuncture, and after tests in order. The points of acupuncture were motor points of rectus abdominis where the abdominal anterior cutaneous nerve came to the skin from abdominal wall. Before and after tests were consisted of three things: Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(D.I.T.I.), Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and Recording of bowel sounds. Results: There were significant differences on the skin temperature of upper body and the frequency of bowel sounds(p<0.001, p<0.001). The HRV parameters and volume of bowel sounds had no significant differences(p>0.05, p>0.05). Conclusion: Even though no significant differences in HRV parameters, the significant differences of skin temperature of upper body and frequency of bowel sounds could mean acupuncture at abdominal anterior cutaneous nerve could affect the autonomic nervous system and gastrointestinal function. However, this study had no group to compare with. Future randomized project should address this issue.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.71-76
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine changes in autonomic nerve responses after low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Methods: Research subjects were 24 students who attend University. Subjects were divided into two groups: 1 = a low intensity group; 2 = a high intensity group. Electrodes were attached to the forearm of the dominant arm and electrical stimuli were administered for 15 minutes. Outcome measures were skin conduction velocity, skin temperature, blood flow, and pulse frequency, each of which was measured a total of 4 times. The data were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. Results: In changes in conduction velocity, the main effect of time variation (in black) was statistically significant. The interaction between time and group main effects was not statistically significant; nor was the difference between the groups. Results showed that skin conduction velocity changed without any relation to group. Conclusions: Low frequency TENS selectively increases skin conduction velocity, which may be helpful for activating sudomotor function regardless of intensity.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.50-61
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to analyse autonomic nerve function of some examinees with dysmenorrhea by comparing the characteristics of dysmenorrhea patients' Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in examinees group with non-examinees group. Methods: We studied 110 patients visiting OO Korean hospital to take medical treatment for dysmenorrhea from September, 2006 to August, 2010. The subjects were categorized in two groups, 36 examinees and 57 non-examinees controls. We investigated the difference of HRV between two groups by student's T-test using SPSS for Windows(version 12.0). Results: 1. SDNN in examinees group is statistical significantly lower than non-examinees group. RMS-SD in examinees group is lower than non-examinees group non-statistical significantly. Mean PR in examinees group is higher than non-examinees group non-statistical significantly. 2. VLF, ln TP, ln VLF and ln HF are statistically significantly lower than non-examinees group. TP, HF and ln LF are lower than non-examinees group non-statistical significantly. LF is higher than non-examinees group non-statistical significantly. Conclusions: The results suggest that stress is related to especially examinees in dysmenorrhea patients by effecting autonomic nerve function. HRV can be useful to diagnose examinees' dysmenorrhea. The further studies would be needed to study about relation between stress, dysmenorrhea and HRV for settling this.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.62-69
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report a case series of advanced cancer patients whose cancer pain was relieved by using autonomic nerve pharmacopuncture (ANP) treatment. ANP is a subcutaneous injection therapy of mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture (MGP) along the acupoints on the spine (Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue; 0.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous processes of vertebrae) to enhance the immune system and to balance autonomic nerve function. Methods: Patients with three different types of cancer (gastric cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer with distant metastases) with cancer pain were treated with ANP. 1 mL of MGP was injected into the bilateral Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue on the T1-L5 sites (total 12-20 mL injection) of each patient's dorsum by using the principle of symptom differentiation. During ANP treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain was used to assess their levels of cancer pain; also, the dosage and the frequency of analgesic use were measured. Results: The cancer pain levels of all three patients improved with treatment using ANP. The VAS scores of the three patients decreased as the treatment progressed. The dosage and the frequency of analgesics also gradually decreased during the treatment period. Significantly, no related adverse events were found. Conclusion: ANP has shown benefit in controlling cancer pain for the three different types of cancer investigated in this study and in reducing the dosage and the frequency of analgesics. ANP is expected to be beneficial for reducing cancer pain and, thus, to be a promising new treatment for cancer pain.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2004

In this article, the effects of stress on central nerve system and heart function and the concept of heart rate variability were reviewed. HRV(Heart Rate Variability), the periodical change of the heart rate, is indicated larger in the healthier because they respond flexibly to various sorts of facts influencing on HR. HRV analysis is largely composed of the time domain analysis and the frequency analysis. In the former the flexibility of heart function is analysed, while in the latter autonomic nerve function is examined, which is the degree of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity and the state of balance. Furthermore, existence or nonexistence of disease and/or level of stress can be estimated by measuring the variability and normality of heart rate, and balance of autonomic nerve system, and through HRV biofeedback the symptoms of anxiety disorder or asthma can be reduced.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.81-97
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• 2021

Objectives This study was designed to identify the changes of autonomic nervous system (ANS) which was induced by acupuncture at the field of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Methods 30 healthy adults were selected and classified into two groups; experimental group, control group. After providing mental stress, acupuncture was applied at external ear in experimental group and no treatment executed in control group. The evaluation of ANS function was measured by heart rate variability (HRV). We statically analyzed the difference of HRV parameters which include mean heart rate (MHRT), standard deviation of all N-N intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent N-N intervals (RMSSD), total power (TP), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), LF/HF ratio. Results All subjects showed significant increase in SDNN, LF after stress stimulation (p<0.05). Immediately after intervention, MHRT was significantly decreased (p<0.001) and RMSSD, HF were significantly increased in experimental group (p<0.05). After the end of intervention, SDNN, HF, RMSSD, TP, LF were significantly increased in experimental group (p<0.01, p<0.05). And when comparing baseline HRV, SDNN, LF were significantly increased in control group (p<0.01) and SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF were significantly increased in experimental group (p<0.05). In the subgroup analysis, normal balance of ANS group showed significant increase in TP, LF, SDNN, HF (p<0.01, p<0.05). Conclusions We suggested that acupuncture at external ear, region of the vagus nerve distribution could increase parasympathetic activity and cause changes and reregulation of the ANS.