• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.685-692
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• 1992

In spite of multiple technical advances, large amount of homologous blood transfusions usually required for open heart surgery. Because the complications associated with transfusion are increased as the number of homologous transfusion increase, especially as transfusion related acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has appeared in recent years, such risks have stimulated recent interest in the use of autologous blood. This is a report concerning 23 consecutive adult autologous donors[autologous group] who had elective cardiac surgery at the Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from march, 1990 to august, 1991. A similar group of 23 patients operated during the same periods without autologous blood donation was used for comparison [control group] to investigate the effect of predonated autologous blood in decreasing the need of homologous transfusion and to investigate predonation related adverse effect. Autologous group consisted of 15 men and 8 women. Control group consisted of 7 men and 16 women. There were no significant differences in mean age, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, platelet count and prothrombin time on admission between the two groups. The mean autologous blood donation in autologous group was 2.2 units. In 10[43.5%] of the 23 atuologous group patients, no homologous RBC products transfusion was required. However, all patients required homologous transfusion in control group. In autologous group, patients required less homologous RBC products than control patients[2.1 units versus 5.3 units; p<0.001]. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count and platelet count between the two groups before discharge. There were no serious complications related to preoperative blood donation, although 3 patients complained of mild dizziness during donation We conclude that preoperative autologous predonation of blood is a safe and effective method for reducing homologous transfusion and is recomended in all patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery except limited contraindications such as severe aortic valve stenosis or unstable angina pectoris.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1312-1317
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• 1992

Autologous blood transfusion is a common method of reducing the need for homologous blood transfusion during cardiac operations. Between June 1991 and May 1992, 12 cases [Group I] were experienced autologous blood transfusion using Cell Saver undergoing double valve replacement or redo-valve replacement. Control group [N=12, Group II] was selected to above similar operation during same period. The Cell Saver system [Haemonetics Corp.] was employed for autologous blood transfusion. The blood shed in the operative field before and after cardiopulmonary bypass and remained cardiotomy reservior was aspirated by means of a locally heparinized collecting system. After centrifused salvaged blood, the resulting red cell concentrate reinfused subsequently. The patient receiving autologous blood transfusion required significantly less homologous blood transfusion than their control group. [Group I; 3519 $\pm$ 869, Group II; 4622 $\pm$ 856, Respectively; P=0.005] There were no clinical infections in the autotransfusion group. And there was no apparent intergroup difference of the clinical findings, hematologio datas and coagulation parameters. We conclude the autotransfusion using Cell Saver is effective for reducing of the hom-ologlous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.524-529
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• 2007

Objective: Autologous transfusion is frequently used with orthognathic surgery. The necessity of autologous transfusion has begun to question alone in bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of autologous transfusion. Methods: The chart reviews of sixty patients who had undergone bilateral sagittal ramus osteotomy were done. The subjects were divided into two groups: In experimental group, 30 patients who autodonated 320ml in the preoperative 3 weeks actually received a transfusion in the postoperative 6 hours were included. In control group, 30 patients who underwent the same operation without preoperative donation and any other transfusion were included. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and changes of these values in both groups were evaluated. Results: 1. From postoperative 3 hours to postoperative 1 day, the increases of hemoglobin(0.8g/dL in experimental group, 0.2g/dL in control group) and hematocrit(0.3% in experimental group, 0.6% in control group) were not statistically significant between both groups. 2. From postoperative 1 day to postoperative 1 week, the increase of hemoglobin(0.6g/dL in experimental group, 0.3g/dL in control group) was not statistically significant between both groups. But the increase of hematocrit(2.5% in experimental group, 1.0% in control group) was statistically significant between both groups over the same period(hematocrit p=0.043). 3. On postoperative 1 week, the values of hemoglobin(12.3% in both groups) and hematocrit(35.6% in experimental group, 36.8% in control group) were not statistically significant between both groups. Conclusion: The autologous transfusion in surgery of just a little blood loss was not effective. The most results show that there is little availability of autologous transfusion according to changes of hemoglobin and hematocrit in bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.300-304
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• 1998

Moderns have desire likely to be further good-looking concomitant with a qualitative advancement of the life. With one of this phenomenon, an orthognathic surgery performing at the dept. of oral and maxillofacial surgery have been becoming a more extensively. It's possible to occur many complications during the operations and especially, an excessive bleeding of those may be fatal and so a transfusion is performing for the prevention &management of that. But, because of the rate of increase of an blood-born infection like AIDS via transfusion, nowadays an autologous blood transfusion is interesting to us. We made a comparative study of an amount of blood loss &transfusion using hemoglobin value after classifying the orthognathic surgeries from Feb. '97 to Mar. '98 in single-jaw and doublejaw surgery. And we intended to set a standard against of a routine preoperative cross-matching deciding the amount of predictive homologous blood transfusion according to operative method. Simultaneously, we studied the realization &effectiveness of autologous blood transfusion with some cases, so would like to present. Results: 1. Single-jaw operation can be performed without blood transfusion or with homologous blood transfusion through only blood typing & screening. 2. We commonly transfuse two units of blood with double-jaw operation and an autologous blood transfusion has much more advantage than an homologous blood transfusion. 3. We can reduce charge associated with blood transfusion through precisely preoperative evaluation of patients and proper type of blood transfusion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.535-541
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• 2014

Background Patients having unilateral breast reconstruction often require a second stage procedure on the contralateral breast to improve symmetry. In order to provide immediate symmetry and minimize the frequency and extent of secondary procedures, we began performing simultaneous contralateral balancing operations at the time of initial reconstruction. This study examines the indications, safety, and efficacy of this approach. Methods One-hundred and two consecutive breast reconstructions with simultaneous contralateral balancing procedures were identified. Data included patient age, body mass index (BMI), type of reconstruction and balancing procedure, specimen weight, transfusion requirement, complications and additional surgery under anesthesia. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare BMI, specimen weight and need for non-autologous transfusion. Results Average patient age was 48 years. The majority had autologous tissue-only reconstructions (94%) and the rest prosthesis-based reconstructions (6%). Balancing procedures included reduction mammoplasty (50%), mastopexy (49%), and augmentation mammoplasty (1%). Average BMI was 27 and average reduction specimen was 340 grams. Non-autologous blood transfusion rate was 9%. There was no relationship between BMI or reduction specimen weight and need for transfusion. We performed secondary surgery in 24% of the autologous group and 100% of the prosthesis group. Revision rate for symmetry was 13% in the autologous group and 17% in the prosthesis group. Conclusions Performing balancing at the time of breast reconstruction is safe and most effective in autologous reconstructions, where 87% did not require a second operation for symmetry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7831-7834
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the influence of different ways of blood transfusion on the expression levels of interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) inperi-operative patients with esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent radical operations were selected as study patients and randomly divided into an observation group (treated with autologous blood transfusion) and control group (with homologous blood transfusion). Changes of intra-operative indexes and peri-operative blood indexes, from hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit value (Hct), to levels of inflammatory factors like interleukins-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) were compared. Results: Operations for patients in both groups were successfully conducted, and no significant differences in mean surgical duration and intra-operative hemorrhage volume, fluid infusion volume and blood transfusion volume were detected (p>0.05). Compared with values before surgery, Hb and Hct levels decreased significantly while white blood cell count (WBC) increased 1, 5 and 7 d after operation (p<0.05, p<0.01). In addition, WBC was apparently higher in observation group than in control group 5 and 7 d after operation (p<0.01). Compared with before surgery, in the observation group, levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 had no significant differences after operation (P>0.05), but TNF-${\alpha}$ level increased y (p<0.01), whereas in control group, IL-6 level had no significant difference (p>0.05), IL-8 level decreased obviously (p<0.05), IL-10 level increased markedly first and then decreased gradually as time passed but its level remained elevated (p<0.01), and TNF-${\alpha}$ level increased first and then decreased, and there was no significant difference 7 d after operation (p>0.05). Conclusions: Decreased IL-8 and increased IL-10 levels are two important reasons for immunosuppression after homologous blood transfusion, whereas autologous blood transfusion can alleviate this while increasing the TNF-${\alpha}$ level, which also has potential to improve anti-tumor immunity in the human body.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1990

1989년 8월 1일부터 1990년 4월 30일까지 영남대학교 의과대학 산부인과에서 대량출혈이 예상되는 18명의 환자에서 21례의 자가수혈을 시행하여 관찰한 결과 자가수혈의 가장 많은 적응증으로는 전치태반이었으며(10/21) 수술후 자가수혈 및 homologous transfusion의 빈도도 제일 많았다. 출혈위험이 있는 산모 20례중 6례에서 자가수혈로 인해 homologous transfusion을 피할 수 있었다. 혈액 채취전후의 혈압 및 맥박, 호흡 및 reticulocyte등은 통계학적으로 별차이점이 없었고, 채혈전후에 시행하였던 태아감시장치상 약 8례에서 약간의 이상이 나타났으나 대부분 자세변화 및 산소공급으로 20분 이내에 정상으로 돌아왔다. 태어난 신생아중 거대아 1명, 저체중아 3명이었으며 14명이 정상체중아였고, 분만전의 채혈로 인한 이상소견을 발견할 수가 없었다. 채취전후의 혈액학적 변화로소 채취전 Hct는 $34.1{\pm}2.9%$였고, 채취 후는 $31.8{\pm}2.4%$로 유의성이 있었다(P<0.01). 대부분의 혈액 채취시간은 4-8분 정도였으며 채혈시 산모에서 특별한 합병증을 발견하지 못하였다. 3명을 제외하고 15명이 채혈후 3주 이내에 분만하였다. 상기한 여러가지 결과 대량출혈이 예상되는 산모에 있어서 수술전에 혈액을 채취하여 필요할 때 사용할 수 있는 자가수혈은 산모 및 태아에 있어 특별한 이상을 발견할 수 없었다. 그러므로, 산모에 있어서 자가수혈은 homologous transfusion을 피할 수 있는 매우 유용한 한 방법일 수 있다는 결론을 얻었고, 채혈시 나타났던 태아감시상의 여러가지 이상소견에 대해서는 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2009

배경: 수혈의 부작용은 널리 알려져 있으나, 대부분의 개심술에서 수혈이 시행되고 있다. 동종 수혈 없이 심장수술이 가능한 지에 대하여 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 1월부터 8월까지 다양한 혈액보존법을 적용하여 연속적으로 개심술을 시행한 환자 44명을 대상으로 심페기군(Group I, 17명)과 무심폐기군(Group II, 27명) 두 군으로 나누어 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 혈액보존법은 수술 중 자가 혈액 채취(intraoperative autologous donation), 자가수혈기(cell saver), 역행적 자가 혈액 충전법(retrograde autologous priming), 기존 초여과법(conventional ultrafiltration), 변형 초여과법(modified ultrafiltration) 등을 사용하였고 술 후 항빈혈약을 복용시켰다. 무혈 수술 가능여부, 동종 수혈 원인, 적혈구 용적률의 변화, 술 후 출혈량 등 수술 결과를 분석하여 비교하였다. 두 군간 비교가 적당치 않은 항목은 혈액보존법 적용 전 2006년 수술한 환자를 대조군(49명) I, II로 하여 각각 비교하였다. 결과: 대상환자 44명 중 40명(90.9%)에서 무혈수술이 가능하였으며 각 군의 무혈 수술 성공률은 심폐기군 88.2% (15/17), 무심폐기군 92.6% (25/27)로 두 군간 차이는 없었다(p=NS). 수혈 원인은 술 후 출혈 2명, 술 중 출혈 1명, 원칙 적용 실수 1명이었다. 수술 결과 및 술 후 총 흉관 배액량(심폐기군 $417{\pm}359mL$, 무심폐기군 $451{\pm}237mL$)은 두 군간 차이가 없었으나(p=NS), 각각의 대조군 I, II에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 배액량이 적었다(p<0.05). 심폐기군에서 최저 적혈구 용적률은 심정지액 주입된 직후로 $16.4{\pm}2%$였고 두 군 모두 술 후 2개월째 수술 전 수준으로 회복되었다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 수술 중 자가 혈액 채취, 수술 중 자가수혈기, 역행적 자가 혈액 충전법, 기존 초여과법, 변형 초여과법 등을 사용하여 90.9%의 환자에서 무혈 수술이 가능하였다. 다양한 혈액보존법의 복합 적용이 가장 중요하며, 수술 시의 세심한 지혈 과정 그리고 수혈 기준의 완화 등을 통해 무혈 수술이 가능하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2014

Objective: To observe the effects of allogeneic and autologous transfusion on cellular immunity, humoral immunity and secretion of serum inflammatory factors and perforin during the perioperative period in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: A total of 80 patients (age: 38-69 years; body weight: 40-78 kg; ASA I - II) receiving radical operation for gastro-intestinal cancer under general anesthesia were selected. All the patients were divided into four groups based on the methods of infusion and blood transfusion: blank control group (Group C), allogeneic transfusion group (group A), hemodiluted autotransfusion Group (Group H) and hemodiluted autotransfusion + allogenic transfusion Group (A+H group). Venous blood was collected when entering into the surgery room ($T_0$), immediately after surgery ($T_1$) and 24h ($T_2$), 3d ($T_3$) and 7d ($T_4$) after surgery, respectively. Moreover, flow cytometry was applied to assess changes of peripheral blood T cell subpopulations and NK cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine levels of IL-2, IL-10, TNF-${\alpha}$ and perforin. Immune turbidimetry was employed to determine the changes in serum immunoglobulin. Results: Both CD3+ and NK cells showed a decrease at $T_1$ and $T_2$ in each group, among which, in group A, CD3+ decreased significantly at $T_2$ (P<0.05) compared with other groups, and CD3+ and NK cell reduced obviously only in group A at $T_3$ and $T_4$ (P<0.05). CD4+ cells and the ratio of D4+/CD8+ were decreased in groups A, C and A+H at $T_1$ and $T_2$ (P<0.05). No significant intra- and inter-group differences were observed in CD8+ of the four groups (P<0.05). IL-2 declined in group C at $T_1$ and $T_2$ (P<0.05) and showed a decrease in group A at each time point (P<0.05). Moreover, IL-2 decreased in group A + H only at $T_1$. No significant difference was found in each group at $T_1$ (P<0.05). More significant decrease in group ?? at $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ compared with group A (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences among other groups (P>0.05). IL-10 increased at $T_1$ and $T_2$ in each group (P<0.05), in which it had an obvious increase in group A, and increase of IL-10 occurred only in group A at $T_3$ and $T_4$ (P<0.05). TNF-${\alpha}$ level rose at $T_1$ (P<0.05), no inter- and intra-group difference was found in perforin in all groups (P<0.05). Compared with the preoperation, both IgG and IgA level decreased at $T_1$ in each group (P<0.05), and they declined only in Group A at $T_2$ and $T_3$ (P<0.05), and these parameters were back to the preoperative levels in other groups. No significant differences were observed between preoperative and postoperative IgG and IgA levels in each group at $T_4$ (P>0.05). No obvious inter- and intra-group changes were found in IgM in the four groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Allogeneic transfusion during the perioperative period could obviously decrease the number of T cell subpopulations and NK cells and the secretion of stimulating cytokines and increase the secretion of inhibiting cytokines in patients with malignant tumors, thus causing a Th1/Th2 imbalance and transient decreasing in the content of plasma immune globulin. Autologous transfusion has little impact and may even bring about some improvement oo postoperative immune function in patients with tumors. Therefore, cancer patients should receive active autologous transfusion during the perioperative period in place of allogeneic transfusion.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

Moderns have desire likely to be further good-looking concomitant with a qulitative advancement of the life. Orthognathic surgery for the correction of dentofacial deformities is a common elective procedure. It's possible to occur many complication during the operations and especially, an excessive bleeding of those may be fatal and so a tranfusion is performing for the prevention and management of that. The most notable of these for reduction of blood loss is the utilization of induced hypotensive anesthetic technique to reduce the mean arterial pressure between 55 and 60 mmHb. Another method for dealing with blood loss following orthognathic surgery is the transfusion of blood obtained as an autologous tranfusion or from banked blood. Some of the disadvantage of banked blood are overcome with the use of predeposited autologous transfusion. But currently, surgeons try so that even autologous transfusion may not transfuse the patients. We made a comparative study of hematologic change and transfusion requirement based on a series of 200 patients who had an orthognathic surgical procedure at Chonbuk National University during the period 2001-2005. This study is to make a comparative analysis of an post-operative hematologic (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Red blood cell) change and duration of the procedure under induced hypotensive anesthesia in healthy orthognathic patients.