• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.179-198
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find some implications for improving diversities of the senior high school system in Korea, by examining those of Australian high school system. Based on the literature review, school diversification can be defined as providing students or their parents with some range of alternative programs from which they can choose a school or program they believe are best suitable for them. In this point, the concept is very similar to that of school choice. The finding of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the programs of within-school diversification at Australian senior secondary schools include subject selecting, extension programs and vocational education and training courses(VET). Second, selective schools, independent schools and specialist schools are the types of between-schools diversity programs in Australia. Third, the characteristic of Australian school diversification was traditionally between-schools diversification, of which the purpose is to provide excellent learning opportunities for some talented students. However, the policy trend has, recently, been extended to within-school diversity programs. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the policy of high school diversification 300 in Korea can be seen as a suitable one because one of its aims was to overcome some limitations of the school equalization policy. Second, well defined within-school diversity programs should be considered in order to avoid educational disadvantage issues in education that can be inevitably risen from between-school diversification policies. Lastly, the possibilities of implementing VET programs at general high schools should also be urgently considered.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.136-147
• /
• 2013

This study examined the effect of the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) in June on the June rainfall in Korea by using a correlational statistical analysis. Results showed that there is a highly positive correlation between the two variables. In other words, the June rainfall in Korea is influenced by the Mascarene High and Australian High that are strengthened in the Southern Hemisphere, which is a typical positive AAO pattern. When these two anomalous pressure systems strengthen, the cold cross-equatorial flows in the direction from the region around Australia to the equator are intensified, which in turn, force a western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) to develop northward. This pressure development eventually drives the rain belt to head north. As a result, the Changma begins early in the positive AAO phase and the June rainfall increases in Korea. In addition, a WNPSH that develops more northward increases the landfall (or affecting) frequency of tropical cyclones in Korea, which plays an important role in increasing the June rainfall.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2005

Under a typical Mediterranean environment in southern Australia, the evaporation rate increases significantly in hot summers, resulting in highly saline drinking water for grazing animals. Also in the cropping areas, dryland salinity is a problem. Grazing animals under these environments can ingest excessive amount of salt from feed, drinking water and soil, which can lead to a reduction in growth rate. To understand the impact of high salt intake on grazing deer, two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of salt levels in drinking water on feed intake and growth rate of red and fallow weaner deer. The results revealed that fallow deer did not show any abnormal behaviour or sickness when salt level in drinking water was increased from 0% to 2.5%. Feed intake was not affected until the salt content in water exceeded 1.5%. Body weight gain was not affected by 1.2% salt in drinking water, but was reduced as salt content in water increased. Compared with deer on fresh water, the feed intake of red deer on saline water was 11-13% lower when salt level in drinking water was 0.4-0.8%. An increase in salt level in water up to 1% resulted in about a 30% reduction in feed intake (p<0.01). Body weight gain was significantly (p=0.004) reduced when salt level reached 1.2%. The deer on 1% salt tended to have a higher (p=0.052) osmotic pressure in serum. The concentration of P, K, Mg and S in serum was affected when salt level in water was over 1.0%. The results suggested that the salt level in drinking water should be lower than 1.2% for fallow weaner deer and 0.8% for red weaner deer to avoid any reduction in feed intake. Deer farmers need to regularly test the salt levels in drinking water on their farms to ensure that the salt intake of grazing deer is not over the levels that deer can tolerate.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.8.1-8.8
• /
• 2015

Background: The demand for healthy, lean and consistent meat products containing low saturated fatty acid content and high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain (${\geq}C_{20}$) omega-3 PUFA, has increased in recent times. Fat deposition is altered by both the genetic background and dietary supplements, and this study aimed to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina supplementation levels on the mRNA expression patterns of genes controlling lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle of Australian crossbred sheep. Methods: Twenty-four weaned lambs belonging to four breeds under the same management conditions were maintained on ryegrass pasture and fed three levels of Spirulina supplement (control, low and high). In terms of nutrient composition, Spirulina is a nutrient-rich supplement that contains all essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. It also is a rich source of carotenoids and fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that infer health benefits. After slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ld samples were subjected to mRNA extraction and reverse transcription using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the mRNA expression levels of the Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), Adrenergic beta-3 receptor (ADRB3), B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes, which are associated with lipid metabolism. Results: Both low and high Spirulina supplementation levels strongly up-regulated the transcription of all the selected genes in both SAT and ld tissues (mostly in the subcutaneous adipose), but sheep breed and sex did not influence the gene expression patterns in these tissues. Conclusions: The evidence indicates that high Spirulina supplementation level resulted in a decrease in intramuscular fat content in Australian purebred and crossbred sheep due to the enhanced production of melatonin in sheep muscle tissues and strong up-regulation of mRNA expression of BTG2 in SAT which negatively affected fat deposition. In contrast, low Spirulina supplementation level strongly up-regulated the ADRB3 and FASN genes responsible for fat production. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotypic data suggesting that low Spirulina supplementation level can increase lamb production, with higher long-chain PUFA content.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2004

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the disability weights for the Korean Burden of Disease study, and to compare them with those adopted in the Australian study to examine the validity and describe the distinctive features. Methods : The standardized valuation protocol was developed from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and the Dutch Disability Weights study. Disability weights were measured for 123 diseases of the Korean version of Disease Classification by three panels of 10 medical doctors each. Then, overall distribution, correlation coefficients, difference by each disease, and mean of differences by disease group were analyzed for comparison of disability weights between the Korean and Australian studies. Results : Korean disability weights ranged from 0.037 to 0.927. While the rank correlation coefficient was moderate to high ($r_s$=0.68), Korean disability weights were higher than the corresponding Australian ones in 79.7% of the 118 diseases. Of these, war, leprosy, and most injuries showed the biggest differences. On the contrary, many infectious and parasitic diseases comprised the greater part of diseases of which Korean disability weights were lower. The mean of the differ ences was the highest in injuries of GBD disease groups, and in cardiovascular disease, injuries, and malignant neoplasm of the Korean disease category. Conclusions : Korean disability weights were found to be valid on the basis of overall distribution pattern and correlation, and are expected to be used as basic data for broadening the scope of burden of disease study. However, some distinctive features still remain to be explored in following studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.1253-1253
• /
• 2001

The ability to accurately assess wine quality is important during the wine making process, particularly when allocating batches of wines to styles determined by consumer requirements. Grape payments are often determined by the quality category of the wine that is produced from them. Wine quality, in terms of sensory characteristics, is normally a subjective measure, performed by experienced winemakers, wine competition judges or winetasting panellists. By nature, such assessments can be biased by individual preferences and may be subject to day-to-day variation. Taste and aroma compounds are often present in concentrations below the detection limit of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy but the more abundant organic compounds offer potential for objective quality grading by this technique. Samples were drawn from one of Australia's major wine shows and from BRL Hardy's post-vintage wine quality allocation tastings. The samples were scanned in transmission mode with a FOSS NIR Systems 6500, over the wavelength range 400-2500 ㎚. Data analysis was performed with the Vision chemometrics package. With samples from the allocation tastings, the best correlations between NIR spectra and tasting data were obtained with dry red wines. These calibrations used loadings in the wavelengths related to anthocyanins, ethanol and possibly tannins. Anthocyanins are a group of compounds responsible for colour in red wines - restricting the wavelengths to those relating to anthocyanins produced calibrations of similar accuracy to those using the full wavelength range. This was particularly marked with Merlot, a variety that tends to have relatively lower anthocyanin levels than Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz. For dry white wines, calibrations appeared to be more dependent on ethanol characteristics of the spectrum, implying that quality correlated with fruit maturity. The correlations between NIR spectra and sensory data obtained using the wine show samples were less significant in general. This may be related to the fact that within most classes in the show, the samples may span vintages, glowing areas and winemaking styles, even though they may be made from only one grape variety. For dry red wines, the best calibrations were obtained with a class of Pinot Noir - a variety that tends to be produced in limited areas in Australia and would represent the least matrix variation. Good correlations were obtained with a tawny port class - these wines are sweet, fortified wines, that are aged for long periods in wooden barrels. During the ageing process Maillard browning compounds are formed and the water is lost through the barrels in preference to ethanol, producing “concentrated” darkly coloured wines with high alcohol content. These calibrations indicated heaviest loadings in the water regions of the spectrum, suggesting that “concentration” of the wines was important, whilst the visible and alcohol regions of the spectrum also featured as important factors. NIR calibrations based on sensory scores will always be difficult to obtain due to variation between individual winetasters. Nevertheless, these results warrant further investigation and may provide valuable Insight into the main parameters affecting wine quality.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2006

Few investigations of bread dough compressibility have been reported in the literature, despite the fact that high compression stresses are often reached in processing. Here we report some experiments on the compressibility of an Australian wheat bread dough under compressive stresses up to 5 MPa, and show that the results are consistent with a mathematical model of bread dough containing entrained air. The implications for tensile testing are also considered.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
• /
• 2004.02a
• /
• pp.117-121
• /
• 2004

Paradigm Shift： Business of government - Transition to egovernment · Citizens have become accustomed to the private sector delivering high standards of customer service on the Internet and expect government to do likewise(Schoeniger, 2000). · The rise of e-business in the private sector reinforce the shift in the focus of government(Alfred Tat-Kei). · Explosive growth in Internet usage and rapid development e-Business in the private sector have put growing pressure on the public sector to serve citizens electronically, which is often known as the "e-government" initiative(omitted)

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2012

A high angular tolerance spectral filter was realized incorporating an etalon, which consists of a $TiO_2$ cavity sandwiched between a pair of Ag/Ge mirrors. The effective angle was substantially extended thanks to the cavity's high refractive index. The device was created by embedding a 313-nm thick $TiO_2$ film in 16-nm thick Ag/Ge films through sputtering, with the Ge layer alleviating the roughness and adhesion of the Ag layer. For normal incidence, the observed center wavelength and transmission were ~900 nm and ~60%, respectively; throughout the range of $50^{\circ}$, the relative wavelength shift and transmission variation amounted to only ~0.06 and ~4%, respectively.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.73.3-73.3
• /
• 2019

A Korean VLBI Network $1^{st}$ generation key science program, the Interferometric Monitoring of Gamma-ray Bright AGNs (iMOGABA) program has revealed various natures of gamma-ray flares in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Here in this presentation, we would like to introduce a new candidate of KVN $2^{nd}$ generation key science program, so called, the AiMOGABA (Astrometric iMOGABA), aiming at studying a wondering radio core effect of relativistic jets from AGNs with high resolution VLBI astrometric monitoring of high-energy bursting AGNs with KVN as well as a Australian millimeter radio telescope MOPRA. The introduction will include the current scientific highlights of the iMOGABA, and the overview of the AiMOGABA.