• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: In distracting listening conditions, individuals need to pay extra attention to selectively listen to the target sounds. To investigate the amount of listening effort required in reverberating and noisy backgrounds, a semantic mismatch was examined. Subjects and Methods: Electroencephalography was performed in 18 voluntary healthy participants using a 64-channel system to obtain N400 latencies. They were asked to listen to sounds and see letters in 2 reverberated×2 noisy paradigms (i.e., Q-0 ms, Q-2000 ms, 3 dB-0 ms, and 3 dB-2000 ms). With auditory-visual pairings, the participants were required to answer whether the auditory primes and letter targets did or did not match. Results: Q-0 ms revealed the shortest N400 latency, whereas the latency was significantly increased at 3 dB-2000 ms. Further, Q-2000 ms showed approximately a 47 ms delayed latency compared to 3 dB-0 ms. Interestingly, the presence of reverberation significantly increased N400 latencies. Under the distracting conditions, both noise and reverberation involved stronger frontal activation. Conclusions: The current distracting listening conditions could interrupt the semantic mismatch processing in the brain. The presence of reverberation, specifically a 2000 ms delay, necessitates additional mental effort, as evidenced in the delayed N400 latency and the involvement of the frontal sources in this study.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.123-132
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• 1997

오늘날 우리사회는 기술의 발달과 더불어 인간의 지식과 축적, 그리고 전달 등의 수단으로 정보의 확대, 다양화가 계속되고 있다. 그러나 많은 정보는 블랙박스 화되어 우리가 정보를 이용하고자 하는 시점에서 많은 어려움이 뒤따르고 있다. 특히 기기의 조작에 있어서 기존 대부분의 기기 들은 정보의 이용이란 측면을 소홀히 다루었다는 점과, 제품 등에 있어서 시각정보에 너무 의존하여 LCD나 모니터 화면이 한정되어 시각정보전달을 위한 탑재기능의 한계성과 제품의 소형화가 유져(User)로 하여금 부담을 갖게 하는 원인이 되고 있다. 이로 인하여 청각정보이용에 대하여 수요도 높아져 지원환경에도 새로운 제안이 기대되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 제품의 조작과정에서 청각정보가 유져 인터페이스를 지원하고 있는 범위를 고찰하고 또한 시각정보(그래픽 컬 유져 인터페이스)와 비교 검토하여 궁극적으로 청각정보의 리 액티브 인터페이스를 획득하고자 한다.

• 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.167-179
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• 1999

The hearing mechanism is a complicated system. Sound is generated by a source that sends out air pressure or power. The pressure or power makes the sound waves. These waves reach the eardrum, or tympanic membrane, which vibrates at a rate and magnitude proportional to the nature of the sound waves. The tympanic membrane transforms this vibration into the mechanical energy in the middle ear, which in turn converts it to the hydraulic energy in the fluid of the inner ear. The hydraulic energy stimulates the sensory cells of the inner ear which send neuroelectrical impulses to the central auditory nervous system. The passive perception of auditory information starts just here. The listener gives attention to the speech sound, differentiates the sound from background noise, and integrates his experience with similar sounds. The listener then puts all of these aspects of audition into the context of the moment to identify the nature of sound. This has a major role in human communication. This paper provides an overview of the nature and characteristics of sound, the structure and function of the auditory system, and the way in which sound is processed by the auditory system.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2013

This study investigated the elements of soundscape in and around the traditional Korean style housing complex and the standardized Korean style housing complex popularized as farm village by Traditional Korean style housing assistance policy located in the rural area of Jeollanam-do. The purpose of this study is to understand the phenomenon and characteristic differences of the sound environments in various observation points in order to utilize them as the important elements of sound scape to consider for standardized Korean style housing complex development in the future. As a result, the traditional housing in rural area led more positive evaluation of nature sounds than standardized, newly developed Korean style housing complex. In the list of noises in each residential development type, traffic sounds and construction noise were majorly ranked. However, nature sounds had high rate of response in the sounds of introduction request. Additionally, the sounds generated by human activities such as whispering and footsteps were also in the wish list. This may suggests that soundscape design needs to approach in cultural level of a society rather than simple investigation and treatment of individual sounds of natural and artificial.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2002년도 11월 학술대회지
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• pp.105-108
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• 2002

In the present study, the intelligibility of the synthesized speech sounds was evaluated by using the psycholinguistic and fMRI techniques, In order to see the difference in recognizing words between the natural and synthesized speech sounds, word regularity and word frequency were varied. The results of Experiment1 and Experiment2 showed that the intelligibility difference of the synthesized speech comes from word regularity. There were smaller activation of the auditory areas in brain and slower recognition time for the regular words.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제53호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2005

In the present study, the intelligibility of the synthesized speech sounds was evaluated by using the psycholinguistic and fMRI techniques. In order to see the difference in recognizing words between the natural and synthesized speech sounds, word regularity and word frequency were varied. The results of Experiment1 and Experiment2 showed that the intelligibility difference of the synthesized speech comes from word regularity. In the case of the synthesized speech, the regular words were recognized slower than the irregular words, and there was smaller activation of the auditory areas in brain for the regular words than for the irregular words.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2019

In modern society, people live in an environment with artificial or natural noise. Especially, the sound that corresponds to the artificial noise makes the noise itself and affects each other because many people live and work in the city. Sounds are generated by the activities and causes of various people, such as construction sites, aircraft, production machinery, or road traffic. These sounds are essential elements in human life and are recognized and judged by human auditory organs. Noise is a sound that you do not want to hear by subjective evaluation, and it is a loud sound that gives hearing damage or a sound that causes physical and mental harm. In this study, we introduce the method of stimulating the human hearing by finger vibration and explain the advantages of the proposed method in various kinds of a noise environment. And how to improve the sound quality to improve efficiency. In this paper, we propose a method to prevent the loss of hearing loss and the transmission of sound information based on proper signal to noise ratio when using portable IT equipment in various noise environments.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2022

It has been common since ancient times to use fashion accessories to make a positive impression on others and develop personal brands. For this manuscript, I've designed a range of personalized electronic sounds and perfume accessories that use personalized scents and sounds to create memorable experiences. These have built-in auditory and olfactory actuators that can generate unique sound and fragrance signatures from the wearer and the other party. Based on the design explorations, I also discussed the issues of design and implementation of personalized electronic sound and fragrance accessories, as well as issues and additional business opportunities for the use of these personalized electronic sound and odor accessories in everyday life.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 실험음성학적 분석을 통해 선호감각유형과 발화속도 및 기본주파수 (이하, $F_0$)와의 상관성을 연구하였다. 대학생 및 대학원생 36명 (남학생 17명, 여학생 19명)을 대상으로 선호감각유형검사를 실시하였고, 읽기와 그림보고 말하기 과제, 그리고 대화과제를 실시하여 말속도를 측정하였고, 일상대화시의 $F_0$와 말속도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, D (내부언어) 유형을 제외했을 때 V (시각) 유형의 경우 읽기과제에서 말속도와 상관성이 있었고, D (내부언어) 유형을 포함했을 때 A (청각) 유형과 F0에서 상관성이 있었다. 또한 VAK (시각, 청각, 촉각) 유형의 평균을 분석한 결과 말속도의 경우 인터뷰 과제를 제외한 나머지에서, VAKD (시각, 청각, 촉각, 내부언어) 유형의 평균에서는 전체 과제에서 V (시각) 유형이 A (청각) 유형보다 발화속도가 빠르고 $F_0$가 높았음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구결과에서 선호감각유형과 $F_0$와 말속도가 상관성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 인문치료 진단 및 평가에서 주관적 감각유형검사와 함께 말소리의 객관적 분석을 통하여 감각유형검사의 보완적 역할이 가능하고, 이를 통해 맞춤형 교육 및 상담에서 유용하게 활용이 될 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 선호감각유형과 발화속도 및 $F_0$의 상관성에 관한 연구의 기초토대를 마련하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.406-416
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• 2023

Alarm system performance is a critical aspect of safety. While existing research has extensively examined the influence of acoustic attributes on alarm performance, consonance's impact remains largely uncharted territory. This study bridges this research gap by investigating the effect of consonance on alarm systems. We extend our investigation to encompass not only the sound characteristics of the alarm but also the acoustic qualities of the surrounding environment, recognizing their potential impact on alarm efficacy. Prior studies consistently link consonance to annoyance levels, resulting in a negative user experience. Thus, we explore the relationship between consonance and alarm system performance, with a particular focus on modulating annoyance as an explanatory factor. Utilizing an oddball paradigm, we categorized standard and oddball sounds into consonant and dissonant types, creating four sound combinations. Participants were asked to respond to the irregularly presented oddball sounds while ignoring the constantly presented standard sounds. Our results reveal significant differences between groups, with the Standard Consonant/Oddball Dissonant (SC/OD) group displaying notably slower response times than the Standard Dissonant/Oddball Consonant (SD/OC) group. This reaction time variation aligns with differences in annoyance levels, as the SC/OD group reports higher annoyance, suggesting that reaction time discrepancies may be linked to increased arousal due to heightened annoyance.