• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.130-136
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• 2011

Since out of a lot of traffic problems traffic accidents cause damage to life and properties of people, it stands out as one of traffic problems which needs improvement, and the loss due to traffic accident negatively affects not only the parties to the accident but also the national economy. Thus, continual concern of the government toward traffic safety is getting bigger and lately each local government is preparing a basic plan for traffic safety and vitalizing traffic safety policies. As expanding the responsibility and role of local governments for traffic safety, traffic safety measures which are based on the characteristics of each local government should be studied. Most of analytical methods in the existing traffic accidents prediction models with macroscopic vision focus on socioeconomic variables such as local population and the number of registered vehicles, and present a great deal of prediction error when they are applied in practice. In this context, this study proposed a traffic accident prediction model in respect of macroscopic level for autonomous districts (administrative districts) of Seoul City. The model development was not based on the entire city but on the type of local land usage (development density) whose relationship with traffic accident frequency was analyzed.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2024

Objective : In order to understand the changes in domestic approval regulations applicable to traditional Korean medical device companies, this article will explain the major amendments 「Regulation on Medical Device Approval Report Review, etc.」 from 2005 to the present on a year-by-year basis, and provide a counter plan to the recent changes in approval regulations. Methods : We analysed the changes in approval regulatory amendments related to the traditional Korean medical devices from 2005 to the present. Results : The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety is continuously improving medical device approval regulations to ensure the global competitiveness of domestic medical devices and contribute to the improvement of public health. Recent major approval regulatory amendments include the establishment of a review system for software medical devices and digital therapeutics, the recognition of real world evidence materials, the introduction of a biological evaluation of medical devices within a risk management process and a medical device approval licence renewal system. Conclusions : It is expected that the range of medical devices available to Korean medicine doctors will continue to expand in the future through the provision of non-face-to-face medical services and the development of advanced and new medical devices, as well as wearable medical devices and digital therapeutics. In order to increase the market entry potential of traditional Korean medical devices that incorporate advanced technologies such as digital technology and AI-based diagnosis and prediction technology, it is urgent that the government provide significant support to traditional Korean medical device companies to improve approval regulatory compliance.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.260-268
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• 2019

Objectives: The Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS), which analyzes and uses electronic health records (EHR) for medical care, pursues patient-centered medical care. It is necessary to establish the CDSS in Korean medical services for objectification and standardization. For this purpose, analyses were performed on the points to be followed for CDSS implementation with a focus on herbal medicine prescription. Methods: To establish the CDSS in the prescription of Traditional Korean Medicine, the current prescription practices of Traditional Korean Medicine doctors were analyzed. We also analyzed whether the prescription support function of the electronic chart was implemented. A questionnaire survey was conducted querying Traditional Korean Medicine doctors working at Traditional Korean Medicine clinics and hospitals, to investigate their desired CDSS functions, and their perceived effects on herbal medicine prescription. The implementation of the CDSS among the audit software developers used by the Korean medical doctors was examined. Results: On average, 41.2% of Traditional Korean Medicine doctors working in Traditional Korean Medicine clinics manipulated 1 to 4 herbs, and 31.2% adjusted 4 to 7 herbs. On average, 52.5% of Traditional Korean Medicine doctors working in Traditional Korean Medicine hospitals adjusted 1 to 4 herbs, and 35.5% adjusted 4 to 7 herbs. Questioning the desired prescription support function in the electronic medical record system, the Traditional Korean Medicine doctors working at Korean medicine clinics desired information on 'medicine name, meridian entry, flavor of medicinals, nature of medicinals, efficacy,' 'herb combination information' and 'search engine by efficacy of prescription.' The doctors also desired compounding contraindications (eighteen antagonisms, nineteen incompatibilities) and other contraindicatory prescriptions, 'medicine information' and 'prescription analysis information through basic constitution analyses.' The implementation of prescription support function varied by clinics and hospitals. Conclusion: In order to implement and utilize the CDSS in a medical service, clinical information must be generated and managed in a standardized form. For this purpose, standardization of terminology, coding of prescriptions using a combination of herbal medicines, and unification such as the preparation method and the weights and measures should be integrated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2010

This paper presents a research result that was performed to develop a more accurate freeway crash prediction model than existing models. While the existing crash models only focus on developing crash relationships associated with highway geometric conditions found on a short section of a crash site, this research applies a different approach considering the upstream highway geometric conditions as well. Theoretically, crashes occur while motorists are in motion, and particularly at freeways vehicle speed at one specific point is very sensitive to upstream geometric conditions. Therefore, this is a reasonable approach. To form the analysis data base, this research gathers the geometric conditions of the West Seaside Freeway 269.3 km and six years crash data ranging 2003-2008 for these freeway sections. As a result, it is found that crashes fit well into Negative Binomial Distribution, and, based on the developed model, total number of crashes is inversely proportional to highway curve length and radius. Contrarily, crash occurrences are proportional to tangent length. This result is different from existing crash study results, and it seems to be resulted from this research assumption that a crash is influenced greatly by upstream geometric conditions. Also, this research provides the expected effects on crash occurrences of the length of downgrade sections, speed camera placements, and the on- and off- ramp presences. It is expected that this research result is useful for doing more reasonable highway designs and safety audit analysis, and applying the same research approach to national roads and other major roads in urban areas is recommended.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.113-121
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• 2014

Purpose - Recently, the number of corporations that practice environmental and social responsibility, besides engaging in traditional profit-seeking activities, has been growing steadily, as interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasing. Recent research on CSR practices has identified the relationship between CSR activities and corporate value as one of the main issues in this respect. Considering that donations constitute a large proportion of a company's charitable activities, we considered the extent of donation expenses as a charitable activity in order to mitigate sample selection bias. Specifically, we analyzed the impact of donation expenses on firm value, while investigating if this impact varied in response to the level of corporate governance of firms. Research design, data, and methodology - We used non-financial firms listed on the Korean Stock Exchange, having their fiscal year end in December, and the sample period was 2006-2013. For the dependent variable, Tobin's q was used as the corporate value, and for the independent variable, donations were measured as the donation-expense-to-sales ratio. Corporate governance scores, as rated by the Korea Corporate Governance Service, were used to measure corporate governance levels because they consider the overall aspects of governance, including ownership structure, the board of directors, and the audit mechanism of individual companies. To examine the impact of donations on a company in relation to the level of corporate governance, we estimated regression models using the interaction terms of the governance dummy and donation variables. Then, we further estimated the regression models of two sub-samples that were classified according to the level of corporate governance. Similar to previous studies, the study uses variables that affect firm value, such as R&D expenditure, advertising expenses, EBITDA, debt-to-equity ratio, sales growth, company age, and company size as control variables. Results - The empirical results show that firm value significantly increased in response to an increase in donation expenses. Upon including the interaction terms of governance level dummy variables and donations, the coefficients of the interaction terms show significant positive values, while those of donation variables show significant negative values. In the strong governance sub-sample, the relationship between the donation expenses and corporate value was statistically positive (+) and significant. However, in the weak governance sub-sample, the relationship between the donation expenses and corporate value was statistically insignificant and negative (-). Conclusions - The empirical results suggest that donation expenses are significantly linked to an enhanced corporate value if firms have a good corporate governance structure. However, if the corporate governance structure is weak, the same relationship is not necessarily observed. The results of this study show that if a firm has high corporate governance, CSR practices enhance the company's reputation such that it has a positive (+) relationship with corporate value. If a firm has weak corporate governance, on the other hand, CSR practices are recognized as an agency cost and do not increase corporate value.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.92-106
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• 2017

This paper examines the validity of issuing municipal bonds for land compensation of long-term unexecuted urban parks and greenbelts. Then it suggests that municipal bonds should be issued for compensation priority areas with high rising prices. By conducting correlation analysis and PLS(Partial Least Squares) regression for 32 long-term unexecuted urban parks and greenbelts, the factors were identified that affected 'rising prices of IAPLP(Individually Announced Public Land Price) after seven years'. According to the analysis results, Variable Importance in the Projection in PLS regression was higher in 'IAPLP of base year(1.919)' and 'Accumulated rising Rates of average IAPLP in the borough(1.176).' The implications of this study are as follows. In Seoul, the accumulated rising rates of average IAPLP over the past 12 years is higher than the accumulated interest rates for seven years of urban planning facility bonds, which means that IAPLP have risen more than the interest payments due to the issuance of municipal bonds. In addition, since the actual compensation is three times that of IAPLP, it is judged that the land price is actually much higher than the interest payments. This shows that issuing municipal bonds and preferentially compensating for areas like high rising land prices can increase the economic efficiency of the budget execution. Also, for economic efficiency of budget execution, it is necessary to propose an 'area with high IAPLP' or 'a part in the borough with high rising rate of average IAPLP,' which is expected to have a high rising land price as criteria for compensation priority areas. In the future, when issuing municipal bonds to compensate long-term unexecuted urban parks and greenbelts, variousresearch on financing for municipal bonds repayment should be conducted.