• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2013

Aucklandia lappa Decne (Compositae) has been used for treatment of abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, chronic inflammation, and antibacterial effect. The quality of these herbs has been affected by many factors such as collection time, place, temperature, cultivation environment and manufacturing process. We used costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone as marker compounds for quality evaluation of rhizome of Aucklandia lappa. 66 samples of Aucklandia lappa were collected from those habitats in Korea and China. The developed HPLC-DAD method was applied to investigate for quality control of Aucklandia lappa samples. The average contents of the costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone were 2.3895% and 0.9258%, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited that classification of Aucklandia lappa according to origin not separated. Results of this study may be satisfactory applied to determination of content criteria of Aucklandia lappa.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

Aucklandia lappa Decne (Compositae) has been used for treatment of vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and indigestion and Inula helenium L. (Compositae) for sweat and urination. In spite of difference species and efficacy, we have been used Aucklandia lappa Dence together with Inula helenium L. To distinguish Aucklandia lappa Dence from Inula helenium L., we have compared the contents of dehydrocostuslactone and costunolide by HPLC. The average contents of costunolide of Aucklandia lappa Dence was 0.84% $({\pm}\;0.29)$ but was not detected in Inula helenium L. The contents of dehydrocostuslactone from Aucklandia lappa Dence and Inula helenium L. were about 1.70% $({\pm}0.37)$ and 1.82% $({\pm}0.59)$, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1827-1834
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• 2020

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen in humans. In our previous study, we reported that an ethanol extract from Aucklandia lappa weakens C. albicans cell wall by inhibiting synthesis or assembly of both (1,3)-β-D-glucan polymers and chitin. In the current study, we found that the extract is involved in permeabilization of C. albicans cell membranes. While uptake of ethidium bromide (EtBr) was 3.0% in control cells, it increased to 7.4% for 30 min in the presence of the A. lappa ethanol extract at its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.78 mg/ml, compared to uptake by heat-killed cells. Besides, leakage of DNA and proteins was observed in A. lappa-treated C. albicans cells. The increased uptake of EtBr and leakage of cellular materials suggest that A. lappa ethanol extract induced functional changes in C. albicans cell membranes. Incorporation of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) into membranes in the A. lappa-treated C. albicans cells at its MIC decreased to 84.8%, after 60 min of incubation, compared with that of the controls, indicate that there was a change in membrane dynamics. Moreover, the anticandidal effect of the A. lappa ethanol extract was enhanced at a growth temperature of 40℃ compared to that at 35℃. The above data suggest that the antifungal activity of the A. lappa ethanol extract against C. albicans is associated with synergistic action of membrane permeabilization due to changes in membrane dynamics and cell wall damage caused by reduced formation of (1,3)-β-D-glucan and chitin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.967-973
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• 2020

The fungal cell wall is a major target of antifungals. In this study, we report the antifungal activity of an ethanol extract from Aucklandia lappa against Candida albicans. We found that the extract caused cell wall injury by decreasing chitin synthesis or assembly and (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthesis. A sorbitol protection assay demonstrated that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the A. lappa extract against C. albicans cells increased eight-fold from 0.78 to 6.24 mg/ml in 72 h. Cell aggregates, which indicate damage to the cell wall or membrane, were commonly observed in the A. lappatreated C. albicans cells through microscopic analysis. In addition, the relative fluorescence intensities of the C. albicans cells incubated with the A. lappa extract for 3, 5, and 6 h were 92.1, 84.6, and 79.8%, respectively, compared to the controls, estimated by Calcofluor White binding assay. This result indicates that chitin content was reduced by the A. lappa treatment. Furthermore, synthesis of (1,3)-β-D-glucan polymers was inhibited to 84.3, 79.7, and 70.2% of that of the control treatment following incubation of C. albicans microsomes with the A. lappa extract at a final concentration equal to its MIC, 2× MIC, and 4× MIC, respectively. These findings suggest that the A. lappa ethanol extract may aid the development of a new antifungal to successfully control Candidaassociated disease.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.3 s.18
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• pp.117-130
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to introduce the differential standard of Mok-Hyaeng Radix species. We established the classificatory standard according to the external and internal morphology and the pattern in 4 kinds of Mok-Hyaeng Radix. The results follow: 1. On the external morphology, Radix of Vladimiria souliei had a sticky material in the head of roots and it was yellowish white in the cut surface. It attached to teeth during chewing. Radix of Aucklandia lappa (=Saussurea lappa) was dark grayish brown and was grayish brown in the cut surface. It had special odor and was not attache to teeth chewing it. On the other hand, Radix of Inula helenium was dark brown. In the cut surface, cortical layer was different from wood layer. Radix of Aristolochia contorta was yellowish brown. In the cut surface, it was not smooth and cortical layer was different from wood layer. 2. On the internal morphology, Radix of Vladimiria souliei had many fascicular fibers and scattered large oil chambers in the bast ray, xylem ray, and parenchyma. On Radix of Aucklandia lappa (=Saussurea lappa), it was difficult to find out the trace when the cork layer was exfoliated. The cambium formed circle and the large oil chambers were scattered in the phloem and xylem. On the other hand, external cortical layer of Radix of Inula helenium was detached and cambium was formed to indistinct circle and large oil chambers were scattered in the phloem and xylem. On Radix of Arustolochia contorta, the large oil chambers were scattered in the surface later, bast part was relatively broad and cambium formed circle. 3. On the TLC pattern, Radix of Aristolochia contorta, Inula helenium, Aucklandia lappa, and Vladimiria souliei were chromogenic to violet and purple according to sulfuric acid colour pattern, especially faint on Aristolochia contorta. 4. On the pattern analysis of HPLC, we compared the content and the pattern of constunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, Radix of Aucklandia lappa was similar to Radix of Vladimiria souliei and Radix of Aristolochia contorta was similar to Radix of Inula helenium. On the total HPLC component pattern, constunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were similar in all four types, but it showed the Rf 5-6 peak was only in Radix of Aristolochia contorta, not in Radix of Inula helenium, Aucklandia lappa, and Vladimiria souliei. It is considered the results of this study will be furnished the basis to succeeding studies and it is needed to extensive comparative study for the same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2021

Aucklandia lappa Decne., a traditional herbal medicine, has been used to treat various diseases, including asthma, coughs, rheumatism, and diarrhea. In the present study, the effects of the oral administration of Aucklandia lappa Decne. extract on hair growth was investigated in hair-removed mice. A 70% ethanol extract of Aucklandia lappa Decne. (ALD) was prepared, and the extraction yield and total polyphenol content of ALD were measured as 27.30±0.01 and 28.39 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, respectively. The oral administration of ALD to hair-removed CL57BL/6 mice for six weeks had no significant effects on food intake and body weight changes. Biochemical and histological examinations also showed that the oral administration of ALD for six weeks had no significant effect on the liver and kidney functions. On the other hand, hair growth was significantly higher in the ALD group than the control group and the Pancidil group (positive control). In addition, the number of hair follicles and the degree of collagen production in the dermis were significantly higher in the ALD group than in the control and pancidil groups. These results suggest that ALD is a potential source of nutricosmetics with hair growth-promoting effects.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1545-1555
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• 2020

In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of Aucklandia lappa Decne (AL). Cell viability was measured in an MTT assay. Antioxidant effects were evaluated based on total polyphenol/flavonoid contents, ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, SOD activity, and ROS content. AL was found not to be toxic at concentrations of 1 ㎍/mL, 10 ㎍/mL, and 100 ㎍/mL, respectively. The phenolic content was higher in AL-D than in AL-E, while the flavonoid content was higher in AL-E than in AL-D. AL-E exhibited higher ABTS radical scavenging activity than AL-D, and the EC50 values for BHA were 217.1 ㎍/mL in AL-D and 180.5 ㎍/mL in AL-E. AL-E also showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. EC50 values for BHA were 114.2 ㎍/mL in AL-D and 95.8 ㎍/mL in AL-E. The SOD-like activity of AL-E was higher than that of AL-D. The EC50 values for ascorbic acid were 48.5 ㎍/mL in AL-D and 72.9 ㎍/mL in AL-E, indicating that both AL extracts have a SOD activity higher than that of ascorbic acid. AL-E reduced relatively more ROS than AL-D. With 100 ㎍/mL AL-E, the reduction level was almost similar to that of dexamethasone. Our results demonstrate that AL have antioxidant effects, and we believe that they could be very valuable as raw materials for anti-aging products, based on their antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2018

Background: This present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects of Aucklandia lappa Decne (AL). Methods and Results: We measured cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO) content, mRNA expression (iNOS, IL-1${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$), protein expression (iNOS, COX-2, and $I{\kappa}B$) and phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 cells. Male BALB/c mice were fed 100 mg/kg AL (Aucklandia lappa Decneon 70% ethanol extract) and 250 mg/kg AL for 4 weeks; thereafter, we observed B/T or $CD4^+/CD8^+$ lymphocyte subpopulation change, and expression patterns of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ lymphocytes by immunohistochemical staining in mouse splenocytes and/or thymocytes. To determine the experimental concentration of AL, cell viability was measured by MTT assay and tested at $12.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ or less. AL inhibited the levels of NO, lymphokine production (IL-$1{\beta}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$), and mRNA (iNOS, IL-1${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$) and protein (iNOS, and COX-2) expression. Additionally, the levels of $I{\kappa}B$, phagocytic activity, and splenic and thymic T lymphocytes, especially $T_H$ and $T_C$ cells were significantly increased in AL administered mice. The immuno-reactive density of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ lymphocytes was stronger in AL groups than in the normal group. AL stimulated NO, iNOS, and COX-2, and regulated IL-1${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and $I{\kappa}B$ in macrophages treated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide). In addition, AL increased the phagocytic activity of macrophages and the immunity of mouse T ($T_H$, and $T_C$) cells. Conclusions: These results suggested that AL might show anti-inflammatory activity via the suppression of various inflammatory markers and immuno-regulatory activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

Obesity has become one of the main public health problems. Saussurea lappa (Asteraceae), syn Aucklandia lappa and Saussurea costus, is a well-known herbal medicine that has been used for treating various ailments, such as inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases. The present study examined the anti-obesity effect of S. lappa extract (SLE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. SLE significantly inhibited the differentiation from preadipocytes to adipocytes of cultured 3T3-L1 in dose-dependent manner. In addition, SLE significantly decreased the body weight gain and the food efficiency ratio of mice fed HFD during 9 weeks. Further study must be performed for the pharmacological mechanism and safety of SLE as well as the identification of active compound in SLE. Our results revealed that S. lappa suppresses the adipogenesis in cultured cells and the obesity in rodent models. Therefore, S. lappa may be useful toward the development of new potent anti-obesity drugs.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 1998

Methanol extracts of 54 plant species in 32 families were tested for their antignawing activities against mice by wire-dipping method. The activity varied with plant species. Potent antignawing activity was observed in extracts from roots of Aucklandia lappa (Compositae), barks of Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae), fruits of Illicium verum (Magnoliaeceae), fruits of Piper nigrum (Piperaceae), rhizomes of Rheum officinale (Polygonaceae), and leaves of Pinus densiflora (Pinaceae). As naturally occurring rodent repellents, these plant-derived materials could be useful as a preventive agent against various kinds of damage caused by rodents.