• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2011

In 2009, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the unique outstanding ecosystem biodiversity and distinct ecocultural values of the Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve in the island region. The Dadohae area, which has been sustainably conserved for scores of years, boasts not only a unique ecosystem, but also has residents with a wide range of traditional ecological knowledge. In terms of understanding the soundness of the ecosystem network known as the landscape system, the recent expansion of environmental development has served to heighten the degree of consideration given not only to biodiversity, which has long been used as an indicator to assess ecosystem soundness, but also to assess cultural diversity. Man has used the surrounding landscape and living organisms as his life resources since the beginning. Moreover, whenever necessary, man has developed new species through cultivation. Biodiversity became a foundation that facilitated establishing cultural diversity such as food and housing. Such ecological knowledge has been conveyed not only to adjacent regions, but also at the international level. The recent rapid changes in the Dadohae area island ecosystem caused by the transformation of fishing grounds by such factors as climate change, excess human activities, and marine pollution, is an epoch event in environmental history that shows that the balance between man and nature has become skewed. Furthermore, this issue has moved beyond the biodiversity and landscape diversity level to become an issue that should be addressed at the cultural diversity level. To this end, the time has come to pay close attention to this issue.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

This article describes the basic technical concepts for applying the friction stir welding (FSW) process to titanium and its alloys. Titanium and its alloys are demanding applications of FSW. During FSW, a protective atmosphere is needed at the welding region to prevent the joints from oxidation due to the absorption of interstitial elements (O, N, and H) at high temperature. The process parameters for FSW have great influence on the microstructure and properties of the joints. No phase transformation occurred in CP Ti because FSW was achieved below the ${\beta}$-transus temperature. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the joints with CP Ti were governed by recrystallization and grain refinement. Furthermore, the strong crystallographic texture indicating <0001>//ND formed in the stir zone. On the other hands, the phase transformation occurred in Ti-6Al-4V alloy because the process temperature reached above ${\beta}$-transus temperature. For this reason, the mechanical properties of the joints with Ti-6Al-4V alloy were altered by not only recry stallization and grain refinement but also phase transformation during FSW. Engineers who want to get sound FSW joints with Ti-6Al-4V alloy have to pay attention to the control about process conditions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of moxibustion treatment for FBSS patients by VAS. Methods : This clinical study was carried out for 51 cases with FBSS, who had been treated from January, 2003 to October, 2005, in oriental medical clinic. The patients were treated by the moxibustion during 8 weeks on the pain region of lower back or legs. We measured the effects of treatment by VAS. SPSS( Statistical Program for Social Science) for Windows was used for statistical analysis and repeated measures ANOVA was performed to gauge the improvement of VAS. Results : 1. We investigated 25 female and 26 male patients. The age distribution was from early 20's to 70's, among which 50's were most common. 2. The worsening factors are usually overwork and heavy lifting, but the main reason is unknown. 3. According to VAS, The patients with FBSS were improved by moxibustion treatment. Conclusion : Through this research, moxibustion therapy is considered to be effective and safe method for FBSS(Failed Back Surgery Syndrome). Moxibustion treatment had some problems that should be overcome such as severe pain and burning. Therefore we should pay more attention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2018

Compared with general rivers, fluctuations of the water level and the river bed are severe in the tidal river. In hydro-dynamic aspect, such fluctuation gives different river-bed data to us according to observing period. The time-dependent river-bed data and pre-estimation of the Manning's roughness coefficient which is the key factor of numerical modelling induces uncertainty of evaluating the design flood level. Thus it is necessary to pay more attention to calculate the flood level at tidal rivers than at general rivers. In this study, downstream of the Imjin River where is affected by tide of the West Sea selected as a study site. From the numerical modelling, it was shown that the unsteady simulation gave considerable mitigation of the water level from the starting point to 15 km upstream compared to the steady simulation. Either making a detention pond or optional dredging was not effective to mitigate the flood level at Gugok - Majung region where is located in the downstream of the Imjin River. Therefore, a more sophisticated approach is required to evaluate the design flood level estimation before constructive measures adopted in general rivers when establishing the flood control plan in a tidal river.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2016

Vietnam's sea-port industry has experienced a significant development in recent years. Especially in Northern Vietnam, both the demand and supply of handling services for containerized cargoes have increased at a considerable rates. Accompany with such movement, the competition among container terminals in the area becomes fiercer. In this paper, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis is employed to classify all 11 container terminals in Northern Vietnam by collecting data concerning terminal competitiveness. After the classification, each group will be discussed in order to reveal more details about their competitive characteristics. The paper consists of five sections. Section 1 is the general introduction. Section 2 provides a general literature review about competitiveness and factors to evaluate competitiveness. Section 3 explains variables and methodology applied to do the analysis. Section 4 presents the results with linkage to the current condition. Section 5 summarizes the analysis results. It is shown that container terminals in Northern Vietnam should not only pay attention to their service qualities but also have to find out an appropriate mechanism to avoid unhealthy competition. The paper is expected to contribute a background for further researches in container terminals' competition in the region as well as hints for operators in planning and making decisions.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2008

This paper presents a new approach of a evaluation of location marginal prices(LMPs) considering demand response resources in the competitive electricity market. The stabilization of the electric power supply and demand balance has been one of the major important activities in electric power industry. Recently, much attention is paid to the demand-side resources which are responsive to incentives or time-varying prices and existing power system planning and operation activities are incorporated with the so-called demand response resources. In this paper, we first present an analytical method for calculation of LMPs considering demand response resources and then break down the LMPs into three components. In this study, we assume that Korean power system consists of two major regions, one which is the metropolitan and the other is non-metropolitan region. In the case study, we have considered several LMPs cases with different use of locational demand response resource and we can obtain a locational signal to demand response resources. Also, the economics of demand response resources are evaluated, compared with the increase of transmission line capacity and of generation capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to establish the strategy for Internet fashion homepage advertising that attracts consumers attention and discloses clothing brand to consumers continually. In this paper, the following subjects were set up: (a) to classify the structure and evaluation factors of the fashion homepage advertising, (b) to analyze the effect of demographic variables and clothing involvement of consumer on fashion homepage advertising structures and evaluation factors. A random sample of 553 people in the age group 16-34s living in Seoul and Kyungki region during March 2000 was selected from Internet users. SPSS package was used for data analysis. Frequency, Percentage, Factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test and regression analysis were applied. The results of this research were as follows: First, in the process of classifying the dimension of the fashion homepage advertising, homepage advertising structure was composed of 5 factors: interactive, amusing factor, professional information, fashion information and useful information. And homepage advertising evaluating factors were interesting, information and irritation. Second, it was found that clothing involvement influenced fashion homepage advertising. High involvement group preferred the fashion information factor of the homepage advertising structure and low involvement group was useful information factor of the homepage advertising structure. Both high and low involvement groups preferred interesting factor of the homepage advertising evaluation. Third, demographic variables also influenced fashion homepage advertising Females manifested greater interests in informative factor of homepage advertising than males. Findings from this study provide an insight into fashion homepage advertising strategy related to consumers clothing behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.687-690
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• 2007

The environment of digital broadcast which represents as multi-channel and multimedia provides more crisis and pressure to newspapermen called as an uncrowned monarch in region of the press. The circulation of newspaper is declining dramatically and newspaper companies are turning their attention into digital broadcast in order to survive. Furthermore, besides of Chosun, Jung-Ang and Dong-A which are the three major newspapers in S. Korea, local newspaper companies are suffering from severe financial difficulties. However it could be an opportunity for digital broadcasters who undergo the lack of contents whether they are qualitative or quantitative. For the purpose of this study, it is to present a number of strategic approach in order that local newspapers outlast in the competitive digital broadcasting marketplace. Beyond the localism it intends to discuss about tapping into valuable newspaper contents as on-line journalism.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 2011

Various environmental ecosystems are valuable sources for microbial ecology studies, and their analyses using recently developed molecular ecological approaches have drawn significant attention within the scientific community. Changes in the microbial community structures due to various anthropogenic activities can be evaluated by various culture-independent methods e.g. ARISA, DGGE, SSCP, T-RFLP, clone library, pyrosequencing, etc. Direct amplification of total community DNA and amplification of most conserved region (16S rRNA) are common initial steps, followed by either fingerprinting or sequencing analysis. Fingerprinting methods are relatively quicker than sequencing analysis in evaluating the changes in the microbial community. Being an efficient, sensitive and time- and cost effective method, T-RFLP is regularly used by many researchers to access the microbial diversity. Among various fingerprinting methods T-RFLP became an important tool in studying the microbial community structure because of its sensitivity and reproducibility. In this present review, we will discuss the important developments in T-RFLP methodology to distinguish the total microbial diversity and community composition in the various ecosystems.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.153-175
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• 2009

Damage detection methods using structural dynamic responses have received much attention in the past decades. For bridge and offshore structures, these methods are usually based on beam models. To ensure the successful application of these methods, it is necessary to examine the sensitivity of modal properties to structural damages. To this end, an analytic solution is presented of the modal properties of simply-supported Euler-Bernoulli beams that contain a general damage with no additional assumptions. The damage can be a reduction in the bending stiffness or a loss of mass within a beam segment. This solution enables us to thoroughly discuss the sensitivities of different modal properties to various damages. It is observed that the lower natural frequencies and mode shapes do not change so much when a section of the beam is damaged, while the mode of rotation angle and curvature modes show abrupt change near the damaged region. Although similar observations have been reported previously, the analytical solution presented herein for clarifying the mechanism involved is considered a contribution to the literature. It is helpful for developing new damage detection methods for structures of the beam type.