• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.470-475
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to identify the complex course of the mandibular canal using 3D reconstruction of microCT images and to provide the diagram for clinicians to help them understand at the interforaminal region in Korean. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-six hemimandibles obtained from cadavers were examined using microCT, and the images were reconstructed. At both the midpoint of mental foramen and the tip of anterior loop, the bucco-lingual position, the height from the mandibular inferior border, the horizontal distance between two points, and position relative to tooth site on the mandibular canal were measured. The angle that the mental canal diverges from the mandibular canal was measured in posterior-superior and lateral-superior direction. RESULTS. The buccal distance from the mandibular canal was significantly much shorter than lingual distance at both the mental foramen and the tip of anterior loop. The mandibular canal at the tip of anterior loop was significantly located closer to buccal side and higher than at the mental foramen. And the mental canal most commonly diverged from the mandibular canal below the first premolar by approximately $50^{\circ}$ posterior-superior and $41^{\circ}$ lateral-superior direction, which had with a mean length of 5.19 mm in front of the mental foramen, and exited to the mental foramen below the second premolar. CONCLUSION. These results suggest that it could form a hazardous tetrahedron space at the interforaminal region, thus, the clinician need to pay attention to the width of a premolar tooth from the mental foramen during dental implant placement.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2013

This study focuses on the regional characteristics observed in the composition and floor plan of folk houses in the Young-cheon region situated in the Southern East inland of Gyungsangbukdo. According to the typical characteristics of the Korean folk house, Young-cheon region is supposed to be classified as the Young-Nam region. Our study shows that the open inverse 'ㄱ' type composition is the most common among others, which consists the living room, UtChae and one BoosokChae that serves as a living room and a farm shop. The typical floor plan is called 'Young Nam type' 'H$\hat{o}$tjib' composed of four rooms. Young Nam type of house has a wall in front of the room floor with a door to make the space with the room floor as the internal space. This can be explained by the climatic conditions in the Southern region of Gyungsangbukdo, which has a very cold winter and has a harsh spring wind in Young-cheon. The structural feature to which we should pay attention is the Young Nam type house has a gambrel roof. The evolutions of the house in the 70s are observed in the roof during the Saemaeul Movement from a hut to a modernized roof. In the 80s, the replacement of the heating system, expansion of rooms, modernization of kitchen, replacement of paper windows, modernization of roof, and construction of amenities had taken place to change the space, construction and structure following the modern house features.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1121-1135
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• 2005

This paper proposes a moving object extraction method using the contrast map and salient points. In order to make the contrast map, we generate three-feature maps such as luminance map, color map and directional map and extract salient points from an image. By using these features, we can decide the Attention Window(AW) location easily The purpose of the AW is to remove the useless regions in the image such as background as well as to reduce the amount of image processing. To create the exact location and flexible size of the AW, we use motion feature instead of pre-assumptions or heuristic parameters. After determining of the AW, we find the difference of edge to inner area from the AW. Then, we can extract horizontal candidate region and vortical candidate region. After finding both horizontal and vertical candidates, intersection regions through logical AND operation are further processed by morphological operations. The proposed algorithm has been applied to many video sequences which have static background like surveillance type of video sequences. The moving object was quite well segmented with accurate boundaries.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.129-136
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• 2021

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between brain structure and empathy in early adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Nineteen early adolescents with ADHD and 20 healthy controls underwent 3T MRI. All the participants were assessed for different aspects of empathy using measures including the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Empathy Quotient. Cortical thickness and subcortical structural volume based on T1-weighted scans were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Results: Cognitive empathy (t=-2.52, p=0.016) and perspective taking (t=-2.10, p=0.043) were impaired in the ADHD group compared with the control group. The cluster encompassing the left posterior insular, supramarginal, and transverse temporal cortices [cluster-wise p-value (CWP)=0.001], which are associated with emotional empathy, was significantly smaller in the ADHD group, and the volume of the left nucleus accumbens was greater than that of the control group (F=10.12, p=0.003, effect size=0.22). In the control group, the left superior temporal (CWP=0.002) and lingual cortical (CWP=0.035) thicknesses were positively associated with cognitive empathy, while the right amygdala volume was positively associated with empathic concern (Coef=14.26, t=3.92, p=0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between empathy and brain structure in the ADHD group. Conclusion: The ADHD group had a smaller volume of the cortical area associated with emotional empathy than the control group, and there was no brain region showing significant correlation with empathy, unlike in the control group.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2024

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the U-Net based learning model that may vary depending on the histogram equalization algorithm. The subject of the experiment were 17 radiology students of this college, and 1,727 data sets in which the region of interest was set in the thyroid after acquiring ultrasound image data were used. The training set consisted of 1,383 images, the validation set consisted of 172 and the test data set consisted of 172. The equalization algorithm was divided into Histogram Equalization(HE) and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE), and according to the clip limit, it was divided into CLAHE8-1, CLAHE8-2. CLAHE8-3. Deep Learning was learned through size control, histogram equalization, Z-score normalization, and data augmentation. As a result of the experiment, the Attention U-Net showed the highest performance from CLAHE8-2 to 0.8355, and the U-Net and BSU-Net showed the highest performance from CLAHE8-3 to 0.8303 and 0.8277. In the case of mIoU, the Attention U-Net was 0.7175 in CLAHE8-2, the U-Net was 0.7098 and the BSU-Net was 0.7060 in CLAHE8-3. This study attempted to confirm the effects of U-Net, Attention U-Net, and BSU-Net models when histogram equalization is performed on ultrasound images. The increase in Clip Limit can be expected to increase the ROI match with the prediction mask by clarifying the boundaries, which affects the improvement of the contrast of the thyroid area in deep learning model learning, and consequently affects the performance improvement.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 1996

All kinds of environmental problems are related to each local and geographical environment. For this reason, it is necessary for schools in each region to provide environmental education which suits the geographical character of their particular region. In order to provide solutions to the environmental problems of each school's geographic region, the goal of this research is as follows: 1. We can make students realize the relationship between the human race and the environment by teaching according to the environmental conditions in each local area. 2. By teaching students about the problems in their own local environment, we can increase their concern about the state of their local surroundings. 3. When teaching about the environment, it is useful to use educational material which suits the character of each local region. 4. Students' interest in environmental preservation can be aroused through extracurricular environmental activities. The ares concerned are Chonnam and Kwangju City, which are divided into urban, industrial, rural, coastal, and mountainous areas. The conclusion about considering environmental education in environmental school social studies is as follows: 1. Kwangju and Chonnam should be divided into five sections, each with similar geographical environments. This will be an improvement over the old uniform approach to environmental studies in which all regions were treated as being the same each region will now receive special attention. 2. It is necessary to maximize the efficient use of the Environmental Education Building. When Media, environmental data and special materials for environmental education are used effectively, teachers can lead class effectively and students will be more interested in the class. 3. We can detect the cause of pollution, increase interest in the environment and easily solve environmental problems by collecting and displaying environmental educational materials. 4. An environmental education corner could boost students' interest in environmental problems and could act as a kind of bridge between theoretical and practical education. 5. Media and environmental data must be specialized according to the geographic character of each region. In this way, we can expect to improve the quality of environmental education over the simplistic environmental education of previous years. 6. Students will become interested in the problems of the region in which they live through social studies, and primarily through the environmental curriculum. 7. We can prevent learning deficiencies by making a consistent teaching plan. The teaching and learning methods will be improved and the teachers will be proud of what they teach. 8. The purpose of the Education Procedure Content Analysis is to make teaching and learning concise and easy by systematizing environmental and related subjects. This can be done by adding an environmental unit to the geographic section of social studies. 9. Citizens' interest in their own residential environment can be increased through action by sustaining environmental preservation movements to local region people.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.18-32
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• 2001

Korean society has frequently seen the conflicts between environmentally oriented ideology and development ideology which generally take shape as regional problems. An interesting example is the case of Paldang water resource protection area in Yangpyung-kun, Kyunggi Province. At the area, the rural residents are trying to take regional development by utilizing as much as natural resource in the region, and the central government is trying to make clean water sustained for the public interest of the whole people living within the supplying area of the water resource. Accordingly, the conflict is inevitable. It is the role of environmental movement group that makes us pay attention to this region. Under the present situation regarding environmental protection as a core keyword, the environmental protection groups tend to stand on the side of the central government. That is, those groups let the government consolidate its dominance discourse, which help the resistance discourse of the residents weakened. This basic structure of relationship sometimes touches off the situations of antagonistic confrontation. It is the group for organic fanning movement on the region that is playing a significant mediating role between the two. It has eased severe confrontation, and has persuaded the residents, expecially the farmers, to accept so-called win-win strategies which are related with various kind of organic fanning. The agriculture can be regarded as a win-win action because it is a way of fanning adapted to the protected natural environment. It is taking firm hold in this region as an alternative which can satisfy the ideology of 'sustainable development' or 'sustainability'. It could give us a kind of paradoxical confusion that the strategies of regional development of pro-environment are being carried out in the region where the residents are fighting against the government's strict control of natural environment. The example of this region, however, could show a significant direction for solving the continuous problem of conflict between environmental protection and regional development.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.24-38
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• 2007

It is a very challenging work to design large Arctic LNG carrier, since LNG carrier requires high reliability for the structural safety and the environment of Arctic region is known to be very severe. Therefore, special attention should be paid for the verifying the structural safety of LNG career particularly with regard to LNG leakage. In this paper, the safety of the hull structure and cargo containment system of 208K MK $III^{TM}$ type LNG carriers with Arc4 is investigated based on the direct calculation of ice loads as well as wave loads. From the whole investigation, it is clear that the developed vessel - 208K MK $III^{TM}$ type LNG carrier with RMRS Ice class Arc4 - has enough strength and is safe to be operated in Arctic region.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2026-2031
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• 2007

Hydrogen is receiving much research attention as an alternative substitute for hydrocarbon fuels these days due to its cleanliness and renewability. However, hydrogen should be used with caution because of its high propensity for leak and wide flammable range. This study deals with a situation that hydrogen leaks and then forms a flammable mixture inside 1kW class residential fuel cell. The residential fuel cell was modeled as a box-shaped chamber with vent openings at the top and bottom, filled with various components such as reformer, desulfurizer, fuel cell stack and humidifier. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the diffusion, buoyant flow and accumulation of leaked hydrogen in the modeled chamber. From the simulation, the risk region vulnerable to flame was identified and the methods to minimize such hazardous region was discussed. When the vent openings are 1% of the total surface, as the quantity of hydrogen leakage increases the risk regions increases accordingly. As the vent openings of the total surface increased from 1% to 2.3%, averaged hydrogen mole fraction is under 1% in the system.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 1994

The goal of impact studies (e.g., as mandated by NEPA in the USA) is to ensure that the full implications of development proposals (ecologic, economic, and social) are taken into account before decisions are made and projects are allowed to proceed. In other words, the aim is to ensure that impact assessment is integrated into planning and policy processes. Today. nearly 25 years after the enactment of NEPA, it is appropriate to inquire regarding the extent of progress toward such integration. This paper examines the role of impact assessment in planning and policy processes with specific reference to resource development projects in the Great Plains region of the USA. The author gives special attention to the socioeconomic impacts associated with energy resource extraction and conversion projects and the role of impact assessment in project evaluation, in local and regional planning, and in state policy development.