• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.428-438
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the visual attention of elementary school students according to the editorial design of the 2007 2009 revised elementary science textbook 'Structure and function of our body'. For this purpose, eye movements were collected while elementary school students were watching real textbooks wearing mobile eye tracker. The BeGaze 3.7 program of SMI company was used analyzing eye movements. Twenty-six elementary school students participated voluntarily in mobile tracking research. Elementary students learned the contents of textbook related to 'digestive organ' and 'respiratory organ' by using double reading learning strategy. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of pre- and post-knowledge tests, there was no statistically significant difference in learning effect between 2007 revised and 2009 revised textbook editing design. Second, elementary school students tended to give more visual attention to text than textbook illustrations. Third, the selective attention and persistent attention of elementary students showed a very strong positive correlation (.940), but the selective attention and self-control showed a strong positive correlation (.499). Fourth, students with high level of attention and low level showed high visual occupancy in text than in illustrations. Fifth, elementary school students preferred the 2009 revised science textbook to the 2007 revised.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and attention concentration by smoking status among adolescents. Methods: Depression was measured by Radloff's Center for Epidemiological studies Depression(1977) and modified by Korean(Chon & Lee, 1992), attention concentration measured by Nideffer's Test of Attention and Interpersonal Style(1976) and modified by Korean adolescents(Seo, 2004; Shin, 1988). The collected data was analyzed by the $Mean{\pm}SD$, ${\chi}^2$-test, ANOVA, Scheffe and Pearson correlation coefficient(SPSS 13.0). Results: 1. The smoking level appeared to heavy smoking group 31(22%), light smoking group 15(11%), non smoking group 92(67%). 2. The smoking level was different between the time to begin smoking, period of smoking and smoking amount/day. 3. Smoking group's depression was higher than those of the non smoking group and attention concentration was lower than those of the non smoking group. 4. The smoking amount had a significant positive correlation with depression and a significant negative correlation with attention concentration. Depression had a significant negative correlation with attention concentration. Conclusion: The result of this study offered the basis data for smoking prevention and treatment of adolescents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.226-226
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• 2023

하천유량, 댐유입량 등을 예측하기 위해 다양한 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) 방법들이 활발하게 적용 및 개발되고 있다. 최근 연구들은 s2s (sequence-to-sequence), Attention 기법 등을 통해 LSTM의 성능을 개선할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 LSTM-s2s와 LSTM-s2s에 attention까지 첨가한 모델을 구축하고, 시간 단위 자료를 사용하여 유입량 예측을 수행하여, 이의 실제 댐 운영에 모델들의 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 소양강댐 유역을 대상으로 2013년부터 2020년까지의 유입량 시자료와 종관기상관측기온 및 강수량 데이터를 학습, 검증, 평가로 나누어 훈련한 후, 모델의 성능 평가를 진행하였다. 최적 시퀀스 길이를 결정하기 위해 R², RRMSE, CC, NSE, 그리고 PBIAS을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, LSTM-s2s 모델보다 attention까지 첨가한 모델이 전반적으로 성능이 우수했으며, attention 첨가 모델이 첨두값 예측에서도 높은 정확도를 보였다. 두 모델 모두 첨두값 발생 동안 유량 패턴을 잘 반영하였지만 세밀한 시간 단위 변화량 패턴 모의에는 한계가 있었다. 시간 단위 예측의 한계에도 불구하고, LSTM-s2s에 attention까지 추가한 모델은 향후 댐유입량 예측에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단한다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2009

Archer's capability of attention and relaxation control during shooting process was evaluated using EEG technology. Attention and meditation algorithms were used to represent the levels of mental concentration and relaxation levels. Elite, mid-level, and novice archers were tested for short and long distance shootings in the archery field. Single channel EEG was recorded on the forehead (Fp1) during the shooting process, and attention and meditation levels were computed by real time. Four types of variations were defined based on the increasing and decreasing patterns of attention and meditation levels during shooting process. Elite archers showed increases in both attention and relaxation while mid-level archers showed increased attention but decreased relaxation. Elite archers also showed higher levels of attention at the release than mid-level and novice archers. Levels of attention and relaxation and their variation patterns were useful to categorize archers and to provide feedback in training.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.465-472
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• 2020

Recently, various deep neural networks based methods have been proposed for audio event detection. In this study, we improved the performance of audio event detection by adopting an attention approach to a baseline CRNN. We applied context gating at the input of the baseline CRNN and added an attention layer at the output. We improved the performance of the attention based CRNN by using the audio data of strong labels in frame units as well as the data of weak labels in clip levels. In the audio event detection experiments using the audio data from the Task 4 of the DCASE 2018/2019 Challenge, we could obtain maximally a 66% relative increase in the F-score in the proposed attention based CRNN compared with the baseline CRNN.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.365-391
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• 2013

Negative repetition effect (NRE) refers to the phenomenon that the accuracy of report is impaired when a target was flanked by the same distractor than when by alternative distractor. To probe the nature of NRE, this study introduced attention window(s) indicating the positions where a target might be presented, and non-attention window(s) where a target could not be presented. Attention windows are supposed to help participants detect targets readily. Two among three positions are indicated by attention windows in Exp. 1, and a single large attention window encompassing central two positions among four positions was used in Exp. 2, and either large or small attention window was used depending on the number of target candidates in Exp. 3. In the result of three experiments, NREs were consistently observed when both positions of a target and a distractor were indicated by previous attention windows. However, NREs (including its tendency) and its opposite, PREs were observed when a distractor was presented in the non-attention position, depending on its distance from the target and the size of attention window. It seems that this pattern of repetition effects is hard to be explained by repetition blindness hypothesis (Kanwisher, 1991), positional uncertainty hypothesis (Keren & Boer, 1985), and inhibitory attention capture hypothesis (Kwak et al., 1993). Instead it was proposed that shifting of spatial attention should be considered accordingly with the structure of stimulus display. The promising role of this task was discussed in studying the relation of attention and perception.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.51-66
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• 1999

Selective attention induces perceptual distortions. ranging from repulsion of objects located near the attended area(Suzuki & Cavanagh. 1997) to magnification of the u unattended objects (Tsal & Shalev. 1996). Two hypothetical mechanisms have been p postulated: a shift of receptive fields' positions away from the locus of attention(receptive-field-recruitment hypothesis) or the enlargement of perceived space around the a attended location(space-enlargement hypothesis). The present study distinguished between these hypotheses by investigating the spatial and temporal properties of attention-induced d distortions. Perceptual judgements on vernier alignment. line tilt. line length were used to measure attention-induced changes in perception. Attention was induced exogenously(by blinking a specific set of dots around the test stimuli} or endogenously(by instructing the subject to selectively attend the dots). After inducing attention. the test stimuli were briefly flashed. A staircase method was used to measure the attentional effect. A vertical line was perceived as repelled from the locus of attention. and a line segment appeared longer when attention was given to its vicinity. The effects decreased as the distance between the locus of attention or the time between the onset of attention and the stimulus presentation increased. The results imply that the space-enlargement hypothesis provides a better explanation for the attention-induced changes in perception than the receptive-field-recruitment hypothesis.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2020

For Korean language processing, morphological analysis is a critical component that requires extensive work. This morphological analysis can be conducted in an end-to-end manner without requiring a complicated feature design using a sequence-to-sequence model. However, the sequence-to-sequence model has a time complexity of O(n²) for an input length n when using the attention mechanism technique for high performance. In this study, we propose a linear-time Korean morphological analysis model using a local monotonic attention mechanism relying on monotonic alignment, which is a characteristic of Korean morphological analysis. The proposed model indicates an extreme improvement in a single threaded environment and a high morphometric F1-measure even for a hard attention model with the elimination of the attention mechanism formula.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.608-610
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• 2018

한국어 의존 구문 분석(Dependency Parsing)은 문장 어절의 중심어(head)와 수식어(modifier)의 의존관계를 표현하는 자연어 분석 방법이다. 최근에는 이러한 의존 관계를 표현하기 위해 주의 집중 메커니즘(Attention Mechanism)과 LSTM(Long Short Term Memory)을 결합한 모델들이 높은 성능을 보이고 있다. 본 논문에서는 개선된 Biaffine Attention 의존 구문 분석 모델을 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 기존의 Biaffine Attention에서 의존성과 의존 관계를 결정하는 방법을 개선하였고, 한국어 의존 구문 분석을 위한 입력 열의 형태소 표상을 확장함으로써 기존의 모델보다 UAS(Unlabeled Attachment Score)가 0.15%p 더 높은 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.72-82
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• 2008

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the use of non-stimulants, including atomoxetine, bupropion and modafinil, as alternative approaches to the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. A comprehensive review of the empirically based literature regarding the efficacy and the safety of the non-stimulants was performed. There is a large and increasing body of data supporting the efficacy and the safety of non-stimulants. Although the treatment effect sizes for non-stimulants may be smaller than those for stimulants, non-stimulants alone have been shown to be effective in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as well as several comorbidities. These results suggest that non-stimulants are effective in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Further studies are needed to improve our understanding of alternative pharmacological medications in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.