• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.168-177
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• 2021

The effects of the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture on the activities of osteoblast differentiation and the restraint of osteoclast formation were investigated. the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture in the human osteoblast "MG-63" cell, was examined in relation to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red stains. In order to observe the effects of osteoclasts formation, we analyzed RAW 264.7 cell tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP stains. In cytotoxicity testing, it was confirmed that apple extract is safe at a concentration of 50 ㎍/㎖ or less. The ALP activity and Bone calcification formation ability were the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture had a lower activity than that of control group. However the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture significantly reduced activity of TRAP in the RAW 264.7 osteoclastic cell generation and effectively Inhibited the TRAP(+) multinuclear cells. Thus, our results demonstrate that the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture enhances the inhibitory activity of bone-resorption in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture seem to be effective in the prevention and treatment of bone related disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2001

An attempt was made in this study to analyze volatile flavor components of A. macrocephala Koidz. and A. lanacea DC. (Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi). Essential oils in A. macrocephala Koidz. and. A. lanacea DC. were isolated by a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) method using n-pentane/diethy ether as solvent. A total of 30 and 28 components were identified by GC/MS from the essential oils of A. macrocephala Koidz. (18 hydrocarbons. 2 carbonyls, 5 alcohols, 5 esters) and A. lanacea DC.(14 hydrocarbons, 6 carbonyls, 4 alcohols, 3 esters, 1 acids), respectively. The major volatile flavor components in A. macrocephala Koidz. and A. lanacea DC. were furanodiene(27.9%, 15.7%), $\alpha$-cyperone(8.1%. 22.5% ), alloaromadendrene(2.9%, 4.7% ), (1,1-biphenyl)-4-carbon aldehyde 0%, 8.7% ) were found, respectively. Ten components including limonene, p-cymene, p-hymen-8-ol, (1,1-biphenyl)-4-carbox aldehyde were identified in A. lanacea DC, but not in A. macrocephala Koidz. and eight components including $\alpha$-copanene, isocaryophyllene, $\beta$-himahalene. germacrene B were and identified in A. macrocephala Koidz. but not in A. lanacea DC.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2015

Objective: Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue from the perspectives of mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance, it is formed by myogenesis which is dynamic multistep process to be myotubes. The authors could found that root of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi (Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, ARA) enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in C2C12 myotubes via mitochondrial regulation. However its action in myogenesis process is not known. The aim of this work was the study of ARA on proliferation, differentiation and hypertrophy in C2C12 cells. Methods: To study proliferation phase, cells were incubated in growth medium with or without ARA (0.2 or 1.0 mg/ml) for 24 hours. To examine differentiation, at 70% confluence, cells were transferred in differentiation medium both with/without ARA (0.2 or 1.0 mg/ml) for 96 hours. And after 72 hours of differentiation, cells were treated with or without ARA (0.2 or 1.0 mg/ml) for 24 hours, the genesis of hypertrophy in myotubes were analyzed. Results: In proliferation phase, ARA could make difference in morphologic examination. In differentiation phase, it also made morphologic difference furthermore ARA (1.0 mg/ml) increased mRNA expressions of Myogenic regulatory factors and muscle-specific proteins synthesis. In late differentiation, ARA induced hypertrophic morphological changes in neo-formed myotubes. Conclusions: ARA might control cell cycle promoting myogenesis and hypertrophy in C2C12 cells.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2022

A new rapid and simple method for metalaxyl in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi and Achyranthes japonica Nakai has been developed and validated. This study was conducted to develop a method for analyzing metalaxyl by a method based on QuEChERS using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified using amino-propyl (NH₂) Solid Phase Extraction cartridge. The method limit of quantitation (MLOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg. The linearity of matrix-matched calibration curve (r²) was ≥0.99 at the calibration range of 0.001-0.05 mg/kg. For recovery test, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi or Achyranthes japonica Nakai was treated with standard solutions at MLOQ and 10MLOQ levels. Recovery rates were in the range of 88.1-109.1% with <5.5% coefficient of variation. This established analytical method was fully validated. Based on these results, it can contribute to improving the safety of residual pesticides in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi and Achyranthes japonica Nakai.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

Atractylodes macrocephala has been used for renal anorexia, gastroenteritis, cold, dyspepsia in Korean folk medicine. Specially aerial parts has been eaten as edible mountain herbs. In order to investigate the efficacy of antioxidant activity the activity guided fractionation and isolation of physiologically active substance were peformed. For the investigation of the active components from Atractylodes macrocephala MeOH extracts of aerial parts of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi L. were suspended with H$_2$O, partitioned by CHCl$_3$. In order to investigate the efficacy of antioxidative activity the activity guided fractionation and isolation of physiologically active substance were peformed. CHCl$_3$, H$_2$O, 30% MeOH, 60% MeOH, MeOH fractions were examined antioxidative activity by DPPH method. It was revealed that 30% MeOH and 60% MeOH fractions have significantly antioxidant activity. From 30% MeOH and 60% MeOH fraction, six flavonoids (7-methoxy-pinocembrin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, apige nin-8-C-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, 4'-caffeoyl-luteolin-6-glucopyranoside, luteloin-6-C-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-6-C-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin) and four phenylpropanoids (3-feruloylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, feruloyl acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid) were isolated. To investigate the antioxidant activities of each compounds, we measured radical scavening activity with DPPH method and anti-lipid peroxidative efficacy on low density lipoprotein (LDL) with TBARS assay. Six compounds (III, IV, V, VI, IX, X) which have antioxidant factor showed significant activities.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.116-123
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• 2015

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate effects and molecular mechanisms of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi extracts(AMK) on the improvement of adipocyte dysfunction induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We examined whether AMK could directly influence the inflammation and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods : Potential roles of AMK in the lipolysis, production of inflammatory adipokines and ROS, expression and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ protein, and expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/EBP${\alpha}$ were investigated in this study. Results : Our data demonstrated that TNF-${\alpha}$ significantly increased lipolysis, levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and ROS and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ protein, while TNF-${\alpha}$ reduced the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/EBP${\alpha}$ in adipocytes, suggesting that TNF-${\alpha}$ induced a condition with the occurrence of inflammation and insulin resistance. Those alterations induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ were prevented by the treatment of AMK. AMK down-regulated the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ protein and up-regulated the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/EBP${\alpha}$ on TNF-${\alpha}$-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Conclusions : Thus, our results indicate that AMK can be used to prevent from the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced adipocyte dysfunction through MAPK, $NF{\kappa}B$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ pathways.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 1989

Traditional Chinese herbal drugs, namely, Atractylodes Rhizome and Atractylodes Rhizome White were identified by means of chemical analysis such as TLC and GC/MS. In Korea, the old-grown and the newly-grown rhizomes of Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi (Compositae) are used as the Atractylodes Rhizome and the Atractylodes Rhizome White, respectively. Both rhizomes contain the atractylon asa major spot on TLC. The content of atractylon in a newly-grown rhizome of A. japonica (Atractylodes Rhizome White called in Korea) appears to contain much larger quantity in comparison with that of an old-growon one (Atractylodes Rhizome). The TLC spot pattern analysis showed that rhizomes of A. japonica and A. macrocephala contain the atractylon as a major indicator spot, but no atractylodin (extreamly small amount). However, rhizomes of A. lancea De Candolle and A. koreana Kitamura contain the atractylodin as a major indicator spot.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of the mixed herbal extract from Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi, Pueraria lobata Benth, and Aconitum carmichaeli Debx (CAPA) on obesity and glucose tolerance in obese mice. Methods: Animals were divided in 6 groups, normal diet, high fat diet (HFD), HFD with CAPA 100 mg/kg (CAPA 100), CAPA 300 mg/kg (CAPA 300), and metformin 200 mg/kg or lorcaserin 10 mg/kg as positive controls, and treated for 16 weeks. Body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, and body temperature were checked every week and then organs, blood serums were collected after treatment. The oral glucose tolerance test was also carried out after treatment. Results: Compared to HFD, CAPA extract treated mice showed significant decreases in body weight, adipose tissue weight, lipid accumulations in liver and serum lipid levels without a reduction of food intake. And fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were all improved in the CAPA treated mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CAPA extract can prevent diet induced obesity and glucose intolerance without a reduction of energy intake in obese mice.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.444-450
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• 2016

Background: The roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi contain atractylone, which is used to suppress appetite and indigestion caused by gastrointestinal disturbance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of several organic compost on the growth and root yield of A. macrocephala with organic fertilizer. Methods and Results: When organic fertilizer was applied basally, the average yield of 10 a was 184.6 kg in the HA (Hwanggeumjidae, organic material mix), 171.3 kg in the GG (Gyunbaeyangchegreen, bacterial cuture filtrate) and 175.0 kg in the CF (Customary fertilization, control) each other in practice of CF had no statistical significance. Atractylenolide I was significantly greater in the HA (0.036%) than the GG (0.034%) or CF (0.023%). With regard to the amount of organic fertilzer, 10 a yield was the most common of 203.0 kg at 2.0 times of the organic 1 (HA), conventional fertilization of 134.0 kg and 173.0 kg of no application was a statistically significant. Organic fertilizer 1 was 1.5 to 2.0 times, organic fertilizer was 2 to 1.5 times that were most suitable. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that HA and GG are the most suitable for the organic cultivation of A. macrocephala. The content of atractylone I was highest under the HA treatment and lowest under the CU (Chamjoa, oil cake), TG (Totogreen, plant oil cake) and HG (Heuksalgreen, Castor oil cake) treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.368-377
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• 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi complex extract(Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract) on the mediators related to degenerative arthritis in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced rat model of degenerative arthritis. Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract was administered orally at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before direct injection of monosodium iodoacetate (3 mg/50 µl of 0.9% saline) into the intra-articular space of the rats' right knees. The rats subsequently received the same doses of oral Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract for another 4 weeks. It was evaluated that the treatment effects based on serum bio-markers, and morphological and histopathological analysis of the knee joints. Compared with those in negative control rats, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract treatments significantly reduced the serum levels of inflammation, bone metabolism markers (i.e., TNF-α, MMP-3, COX-2, PGE₂, COMP, and Aggrecan). Otherwise, it was significantly increased the production of CTX-2 in cartilage absorption mediators. In addition, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract treatments effectively preserved the knee cartilage and synovial membrane. As a result, it indicates that the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract improved degenerative arthritis symptoms. Thus, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex can be used in food material for the management of degenerative arthritis.