• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

Background : Smoking reduces the ability of the lungs to function. In particular, smoking reduces the vital capacity of the lungs, which is the amount of air the lungs can take in. This reduction in vital capacity has several important health effects. Purpose : The purpose of this study, therefore was to examine the effects of the respiratory muscle exercise on peak expiratory flow and respiratory muscle strength. Methods : For an experimental research design, it was employed 20 young healthy subjects and these subjects were assigned into two groups; a smoking group(n=10) and an non-smoking group(n=10). All groups were participated in respiratory muscle exercises twice a week for 5 weeks in same condition. For comparison between before and after for post treatment, it was analysed as paired t-test and ANCOVA. Results : The result of this study were as follows; In the case of smoking group, there were significant differences, from $427.77{\pm}76.61$ l/min to $526.66{\pm}58.52$ l/min of peak respiratory flow, from $94.33{\pm}22.07$ kg to $102.16{\pm}21.60$ kg of abdominal muscle strength between the before and the after of respiratory muscle strength exercises. In the case of nonsmoking group, there were significant differences, from $449.54{\pm}77.47$ l/min to $553.18{\pm}61.32$ l/min of peak respiratory flow, from $93.41{\pm}19.21$ kg to $101.58{\pm}18.92$ kg of abdominal muscle strength between the before and the after of respiratory muscle strength exercises. Conclusion : These results were suggested that the peak respiratory flow and muscle strength were improved after respiratory muscle strength exercises.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2012

This research aims to observe the alteration of consciousness that the mega sports event reaches on the university students. In order to attain the purpose of this research, direct and indirect participants in the Daegu World Championship in Athletics, including 228 male and female university students, were surveyed. T-test analysis, one-way Anova analysis, and regression analysis were performed for data processing and the research conclusions are as follows. First and foremost, there is an attentive difference within the group in the degree of participant passion in terms of degree of participation, the advantage of perception, perceived expenses, support as well as sustainability. Additionally, the university students' attachment and the degree of participation did not appear to be high and the economical part was sensitively perceived when taking into consideration of the degree of participation, the advantage of perception, perceived expenses, support as well as sustainability. The competition support as well as its continuity appeared to positively support the opening. Furthermore, the degree of participation, the advantage of perception, perceived expenses, support as well as sustainability appeared to be higher for the group with participating experience compared with the group with no participating experience.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.143-146
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• 2015

A meta-analysis is a statistical integration method that delivers an opportunity to overview the entire result of integrating and analyzing many quantitative research results. This study will find meaningful mediator variables for criterion variables that affect between pre and post in metabolic syndrome studies, on the basis of the results of a meta-analysis. We reviewed a total of 36 studies related metabolic syndrome published in Korean journals between 2000 and 2015, where a cause and effect relationship is established between variables that are specified in the conceptual model of this study. In this meta-analysis, the path between pre and post in waist circumference showed the biggest effect size (r = .420). The second biggest effect size (r = -.402) was found the path between pre and post in high density lipoprotein cholesterol. By the way, one the smallest effect size (r = .234) was obtained the path between pre and post in diastolic blood pressure. Thus, we present the theoretical and practical implications of these results and discuss the differences between these results through a comparative analysis with previous studies.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

Objectives : The $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ digit length ratio(2D : 4D) is a sexually dimorphic trait regardless of ethnicity and shows sex differences. According to previous research, men usually have a relatively shorter $2^{nd}$ digit than $4^{th}$ digit. There is tendency that men with lower 2D : 4D are perceived as being more masculine and tend to perform better in some physical sports. Furthermore, 2D : 4D is negatively associated with trait aggression. In this study, we examine gender difference of 2D : 4D and compare 2D:4D of female Korean national team members to 2D : 4D of control subjects. Besides that, we also compare 2D : 4D of female Korean national team members according to their sports entries. Methods : The sample of this study is 396 people, 67 female Korean national team member, 216 control women and 113 control men. We measured $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ digit length of their right hand. In addition, we collected demographic information of female Korean national team members using a self-report questionnaire. Results : The mean 2D : 4D of female Korean national team members is 0.96(SD=0.04), smaller than control women's 2D : 4D(0.97, SD=0.03) and significantly higher than control men's 2D : 4D(0.95, SD=0.03). We also found differences between control men and women. Non-martial arts related sports athletes have significant difference with control men in 2D : 4D. However, martial arts related sports athletes' 2D : 4D is not significantly different from other groups, including control men. Conclusion : These results are consistent with the findings of previous research that there is a significant difference between men and women in their 2D : 4D. Furthermore, 2D : 4D of martial arts related sports athletes have not shown any difference from the 2D : 4D of control men that 2D : 4D of non-martial arts related athletes have shown. This fact is important in consideration of masculine characteristics. For further research, it is necessary to examine 2D : 4D difference according to sport ability and gender differences.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.475-483
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• 2017

Based on the operating system of the advanced school athletic clubs operated to attempt a new paradigm of athletic culture in the field of school athletics, this study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of the student athletes' academic level and seek a solution for the stream of the times and integrated change based on a relative minimum academic achievement standard applied by this system. For Analyzing the difference in academic grades between subjects to which the minimum academic achievement standard by the event is applied, one-way ANOVA and MANOVA were used. First, the grade point average (GPA) of the student athletes by the event did not reach the GPA of most general students. Second, it was predicted that in applying a standard, relative to the general students, as academic grades increased, the probability in which the student athletes do not reach the minimum academic achievement standard would increase. Third, it turned out that, even in the phased application of the current minimum academic achievement standard to the GPA of the student athletes by the event, the ratio of the attainment of the minimum academic achievement was similar.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to prepare the introduction of the community facilities in public corporation buildings as the effort to community activation in the innovation city. The type and development condition of community facilities, and the cases of the private and public corporation buildings are studied. Moreover, the type and scale of facilities which can be established in the public corporation building that will move to the innovation city. The result can be summarized as follows; First, the community facilities can be classified into leisure, public administration, culture, athletics, and welfare, and the facilities are suggested at each hierarchy of living area. Secondly, the result of the case study shows that the public corporation establishes and operates various facilities include welfare, culture, and athletic facilities while the private part usually installs the cultural one. Thirdly, cultural(library, museum, performing place), athletic(soccer field, tennis court, swimming pool), welfare(day nursery, children's library) facilities are selected as the applicable ones to the public corporation building which is going to move to the innovation city. And finally, the basic unit of each facility is derived based on the investigation of legal standard, present condition, and literature reviews, etc., and applied to estimate the scale of the community facility in the public corporation building.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2590-2596
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• 2015

A meta-analysis is a statistical integration method that delivers an opportunity to overview the entire result of integrating and analyzing many quantitative research results. This study will find meaningful mediator variables for criterion variables that affects between pre and post in the metabolic syndrome studies, on the basis of the results of a meta analysis. We reviewed a total of 36 studies related the metabolic syndrome published in Korean journals between 2000 and 2015, where a cause and effect relationship is established between variables that are specified in the conceptual model of this study. In this meta-analysis, the path between pre and post in the waist circumference showed the biggest effect size (r = .420). The second biggest effect size (r = -.402) was found the path between pre and post in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol. By the way, one the smallest effect size (r = .234) was obtained the path between pre and post in the diastolic blood pressure. Thus, we present the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate muscle function and symmetry index during whole body vibration exercise using lower extremity training posture for throwing athletes. For throwing athletes in their 20s(6 males, 4 females, age: 24.60±0.92years, height: 177.90±7.40cm, weight: 92.90±22.97kg), lower extremity training postures with squat, carphrase, and lunge movements. Whole body vibration exercise training was performed using. Tensiomyography(TMG) variables Time Delay(Td), Time Contraction(Tc), Time Sustain(Ts) Time Relaxation(Tr), and Displacement Maximumal(Dm) in the lower extremity joint muscles(biceps femoris(BF), gastrocnemius lateral(GL), gastrocnemius medial(GM), rectus femoris(RF), tibialis anterior(TA), lateral vastus(LV), medial latissimus(ML)), were measured to compare and analyze muscle activity, muscle fatigue, and left-right symmetry. The results of the study are left RF, VL, right VM (p<.05) in Td, VM (p<.05) in Tc, GM in Ts (p<.05), left RF in Tr, and right TA (p<. 05) showed a change. Therefore, it has been proven that various whole-body vibration training is an effective exercise with changes in muscle contraction, and stability of the core is secured by symmetry of the left and right muscles. For this reason, the whole body vibration exercise will have a positive effect on rehabilitation training, and it is believed that it will be able to improve performance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.476-483
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the effects of athletic career and competition participation frequency on exercise commitment of women university taekwondo athletes. Study subjects were 20 women university taekwondo athletes. Athletic career and competition participation frequency was assessed by 4-points scale and the higher points indicate the higher level of each variables. Exercise commitment was assessed by Exercise Commitment Scale. The assessment consists of a total of 8 questions, 4 of which are action immersion and 4 of cognitive immersion, and is evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. The higher the score, the higher the level of exercise commitment. As the results, positive relationship showed both correlation and casual relationship analysis between competition participation frequency and exercise commitment. Negative casual relationship (-) showed between athletic career and exercise commitment. These results indicated that the increase of competition participation frequency affects the exercise commitment and the longer of athletic career indicates the decrease the level of exercise commitment. Thus, to improve the exercise commitment of women university taekwondo athletes, the competition participation frequency and athletic career should be considered.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1981

In the present study, an effort was directed to elucidate the effect of the physical training on the pulmonary function. Twenty-four male athletics major students who have undergone regular physical training for more than five years were randomly chosen as the athletic subjects, and 12 regular male students who have not been engaged in any form of regular physical exercise or training were chosen as the non-athletic subjects, and a comparison was made between the two groups. The following were mainly observed by spirometry for the study; respiratory rate, tidal volume, vital capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV), forced expiratory volume for 1 second$(FEV_1)$, percent $FEV_1$ to forced vital capacity$(FEV_1%)$, forced expiratory flow for initial 1 liter$(FEF_{0.2-1.2}L)$, and forced mid-expiratory flow$(FEF_{\;25-75}%)$. The results obtained are summarized as follow. 1) The respiratory rate, tidal volume, and vital capacity showed no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes. The MVV in athletes was significantly (p<0.01) increased to $148.1{\pm}3.1\;L/min$ comparing with $118.3{\pm}9.1\;L/min$ in non-athletes. 2) $FEV_1$ was $3.310{\pm}0.070\;L$ in athletes and $2.779{\pm}0.104$ in non-athletes; $FEV_1%\;83.63{\pm}1.29%$ in athletes and $75.33{\pm}1.75%$ in non-athletes, both showing significant(p<0.01) increase in athletes. 3) $FEF_{0.2-1.2}L$ was $297.1{\pm}13.5\;L/min in athletes and $222.7{\pm}15.0\;L/min$ in non-athletes; $FEF_{\;25-75}%$ was $3.543{\pm}0.109\;L/sec$ in non-athletes, both showing significant(p<0.01) increase in athletes. 4) Some discussions were made on these results. The lung volumes showed no significant difference between the two groups. But MVV, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1%$, $FEF_{0.2-1.2}L$ and $FEF_{25-75}%$ in athletes were significantly(p<0.01) higher than in non-athletes. It is therefore concluded that the athletes have more powerful respiratory muscles, or higher compliance of the lung and thorax than the non-athletes.