• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.366-374
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• 2024

This paper presents an optimum method for determining the parameters to athermalize a long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) zoom camera by introducing the defocus sensitivity analysis. To effectively find parameters that significantly affect thermal defocus, we simulated athermal analysis with temperature changes for all variables. Consequently, we found that the optimum parameter to correct thermal defocus is the compensation lens, and its movements with temperature at each zoom position are obtained from the simulated athermal analysis. To verify the efficiency of our athermal approach, we performed actual athermal tests in a broad temperature range at each zoom position. The simulated athermal analysis provides the initial position of the compensation lens at the corresponding temperature and zoom position. Then the compensation lens is elaboratively moved to serve the highest live contrast ratio (LCR) for the target. This experiment shows that the compensation lens locations in the actual test are closely matched to those in the simulated athermal analysis. In addition, two outdoor tests conducted in two different environments confirm that the autofocus system suggested in this study performs well at all zoom positions. Using the proposed athermal analysis approach in this paper, we efficiently realize an athermal system over the specified temperature and zoom ranges.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2023

This paper presents a new method for redistributing effectively the first orders of each lens element to achromatize and athermalize an optical system, by introducing a novel method for adjusting the slope of an achromatic and athermal line. This line is specified by connecting the housing, equivalent single lens, and aberration-corrected point on a glass map composed of available plastic and glass materials for molding. Thus, if a specific lens is replaced with the material characterized by the chromatic and thermal powers of an aberration-corrected point, we obtain an achromatic and athermal system. First, we identify two materials that yield the minimum and maximum slopes of the line from a housing coordinate, which specifies the slope range of the line spanning the available materials on a glass map. Next, redistributing the optical first orders (optical powers and paraxial ray heights) of lens elements by moving the achromatic and athermal line into the available slope range of materials yields a good achromatic and athermal design. Applying this concept to design a mobile-phone camera lens, we efficiently obtain an achromatic and athermal system with cost-effective material selection, over the specified temperature and waveband ranges.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2017

We propose a new graphical method for selecting a pair of optical and housing materials to simultaneously athermalize and achromatize an LWIR optical system. To have a much better opportunity to select the IR glasses and housing materials, an athermal glass map is expanded by introducing the DOE with negative chromatic power. Additionally, from the depth of focus in an LWIR optical system, the tolerable housing boundary is provided to realize an athermal and achromatic system even for not readily available housing material. Thus, we can effectively determine a pair of optical and housing materials by reducing the thermal shift to be less than the depth of focus. By applying this method to design a night vision camera lens, the chromatic and thermal defocuses are reduced to less than the depth of focus, over the specified waveband and temperature ranges.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.472-483
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• 2024

This paper presents an intuitive method for selecting an optical material for achromatic and athermal design using the material selection index (MSI). In addition, in the case of a wide wavelength range such as a short-wave infrared (SWIR) waveband, we propose a new material selection method for apochromatic and athermal design by introducing the relative error of partial dispersion (REPD) and a first-order quantity redistribution method. To obtain a suitable material for effective apochromatic design, we first evaluate the REPDs of all lenses, deviated from that of an equivalent lens. Materials with a small REPD are then selected on a glass map to correct residual chromatic aberration while maintaining the existing MSI values to realize athermalization simultaneously. Using this proposed glass selection method, we successfully obtained an apochromatic and athermal telephoto system for SWIR that realizes stable performance over the specified temperature and wide waveband ranges.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2015

This paper presents a new graphical method for selecting a pair of optical glass and housing materials to simultaneously achromatize and athermalize a multilens system composed of many elements. To take into account the lens spacing and housing, we quantify the lens power, chromatic power, and thermal power by weighting the ratio of the paraxial ray height at each lens to them. In addition, we introduce the equivalent single lens and the expanded athermal glass map including a housing material. Even though a lens system is composed of many elements, we can simply identify a pair of glass and housing materials that satisfies the athermal and achromatic conditions. Applying this method to design a black box camera lens equipped with a 1/4-inch image sensor having a pixel width of $2{\mu}m$, the chromatic and thermal defocusings are reduced to less than the depth of focus, over the specified ranges in temperature and frequency.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.378-388
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• 2017

We present a graphical method for determining a pair of optical materials and powers to design an achromatic and athermal lens system with corrected Petzval curvature. To graphically obtain the solutions, a three-dimensional (3D) glass chart is proposed. Even if a particular material combination is unavailable, we can select an element suitable for a specific lens and continuously change the element powers of an equivalent single lens for aberrations correction. Thus, we can iteratively identify the materials and powers on a 3D glass chart. By designing a fisheye lens using this method, an achromatic and athermal system with flat Petzval curvature is obtained, over the specified waveband and temperature ranges.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 중적외선용 줌 광학계를 비열화에 유리한 소재 조합으로 구성하기 위해 비열화 유리 지도를 이용한 반복적인 설계 방법을 제시한다. 일반적으로 중적외선용 유리 소재는 가시광선용 소재에 비해 온도변화에 매우 민감하다. 또한 줌 광학계는 이동군이 존재하여 온도 변화에 따른 성능 보상이 어느 정도 가능하지만, 광학 렌즈에 적절한 소재가 배치되지 않으면 온도에 따른 이동군의 보상량이 크게 발생하여 비열화 설계 시 어려움이 발생한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 비열화 유리 지도상에서 수차 보정을 위한 값을 분석하여 비열화에 유리한 소재로 중적외선용 줌 광학계를 구성하고, 초점거리 2배 확장기를 부착하여도 온도 변화에 안정적인 확장형 줌 광학계를 설계하였다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2015

This paper presents a new graphical method for selecting a pair of optical glasses to simultaneously achromatize and athermalize an imaging lens made of materials in contact. An athermal glass map that plots thermal glass constant versus inverse Abbe number is derived through analysis of optical glasses and plastic materials in visible light. By introducing the equivalent Abbe number and equivalent thermal glass constant, although it is a multi-lens system, we have a simple way to visually identify possible optical materials. Applying this method to design a phone camera lens equipped with quarter inch image sensor having 8-mega pixels, the thermal defocuses over $-20^{\circ}C$ to $+60^{\circ}C$ are reduced to be much less than the depth of focus of the system.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.266-275
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• 2021

본 논문은 Korsch 망원경의 열분석을 통한 광학계 성능 평가 방법 및 비열화 구조를 연구하였다. 비대칭성의 복잡한 구조를 가진 광학계의 경우, 광학 설계 소프트웨어에 열팽창 계수를 적용하여 인공위성 구조를 구현하는데 한계가 있어 온도 변화에 대한 광학계 성능 평가가 이루어지기 어렵다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 기계 설계 소프트웨어를 이용하여 온도에 따라 광학계에 영향을 주는 모든 구조체에 길이 변화를 구현하였고, 온도 변화에 대한 광학 부품 사이의 거리 변화량을 정리하였다. 또한 광학 설계 소프트웨어를 이용하여 온도 변화에 대한 광학 부품의 형상 및 두께 변화량을 정리하였다. 두 소프트웨어에서 도출한 모든 변화량을 광학 소프트웨어에 적용하여 광학계의 성능 평가를 진행하였다. 그 결과 공간 분해능 71.4 cycles/mm에 대한 변조전달함수(MTF)가 9 ℃에서 33 ℃까지의 범위에서 25% 이상 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 광학계 성능 변화에 가장 영향을 많이 주는 구조체를 찾아, 영향을 줄이도록 비열화 구조를 도출하여 개선된 구조물을 적용한 광학계의 성능 평가를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 분해능 71.4 cycles/mm에 대한 변조전달함수가 9 ℃에서 33 ℃까지의 범위에서 67% 이상 유지되는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2009

We investigated the optimum adhesive thickness for athermalizing an elastomeric lens mount in our space optics application. Theoretical results were compared with finite element solutions using two different models; discrete circular pads and discrete circular pads with columns filling the insertion holes reflecting the reality. A noticeable difference between their optimal thicknesses was observed, and physical interpretation revealed the uncertainty of prevailing athermal equations. A pilot sample was made to check our results and thermo-optical stress was assessed using an interferometer after isothermal load. This study presented insight into preliminary design guidance in elastomeric lens mounting.