• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2005

Objective : Dear antler (Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe) used for traditional immunosuppressive and immuno-activating action. The effect of deer antler herbal-acupuncture(DAH) solution, prepared by water extract method, on cathepsin activities in bone tissues (cartilage and synovial) cells from mouse rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model was studied. The cysteine endoprotease cathepsin mediates degradation of the MHC class II invariant chain (Ii) in human and mouse antigen-presenting cells. The studies described here examine the functional significance of cathepsin inhibition on autoantigen presentation and organ-specific autoimmune diseases in a murine model for RA. Methods : An animal model for RA in BALB/c mice thymectomized 3 days after birth (3d-Tx) was constructed All 3d-Tx BALB/c mice developed autoimmune lesions in the bone tissue cells, starting at 3 weeks of age, and the disease mediated by CD4+ T cells was chronic and progressive. Significant inhibitory effects of DAH solution on cathepsin S and L were observed in each organ in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we confirmed that cathepsin S and L activity in each organ were clearly inhibited by DAB solution. When we examined the inhibitory effects of DAH solution against autoantigen-specific T cell responses in vitro, in regional lymph node cells, but not in spleens, from model mice, a significant inhibitory effect of DAB solution was observed in a dose-dependent manner. DAH solution do not block T cell proliferation to Con A, indicated that the dose of DAB solution 10 to $20\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was sufficient to inactivate the autoantigen-specific T cell responses in vitro. In vivo therapeutic effects of DAB solution were examined in a murine model for RA, autoantigen-specific (C-II-specific) T cell response were significantly inhibited in LNCs from DAH solution-treated mice. Results : Iinhibition of cathepsin S and L in vivo alters autoantigen presentation and development of organ-specific autoimmunity in RA model. Conclusion : These data identify selective inhibition of cysteine protease cathepsin S and L as a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disease process such RA. Thus, DAH solution will served as a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agents for treatment of human RA.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-oral microbial activity and anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on a titanium (Ti) surface during osseointegration, and to confirm the possibility of using RA as a safe natural substance for the control of peri-implantitis (PI) in Ti-based dental implants. Methods: A disk diffusion test was conducted to confirm the antimicrobial activity of RA against oral microorganisms. In order to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of RA, inflammatory conditions were induced with 100 ng/ml of LPS in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on the Ti surface treated with or without 14 ㎍/ml of RA. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on the Ti surface was confirmed using an NO assay kit and PGE2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to confirm the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in total RNA and protein. Results: RA showed weak antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli, but no antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and the fungus Candida albicans. RA reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on the Ti surface at the protein and mRNA levels. Conclusion: RA not only has anti-oral microbial activity, but also anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts on the Ti surface, therefore, it can be used as a safe functional substance derived from plants for the prevention and control of PI for successful Ti-based implants.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.533-542
• /
• 2012

Objectives : We try to compared the efficacy of six herbal medicines, Rhizoma Alismatis (RA), Fructus Crataegi (FC), Fructus Lycii (FL), Radix Curcumae (RC), Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), and Herba Artemisiae Scopariae (HAS), constituting KHchunggan-tang which was previously proven to be hepatoprotective on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with combined properties of cellular steatosis, ROS production, and cytoprotection. Methods : HepG2 cells were pretreated with aqueous extracts of the six herb medicines at concentrations of 1, 10, 50 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ each, and treated with 0.5 mM palmitate consecutively. After 21 hrs, cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, and the percentage of cells with sub-G1 DNA content was measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorting after propidium iodide staining. Results : The first three extracts, RA, FC, and FL restored cell viability reduced by palmitate in MTT assay, and RA, FC, FL and RC inhibited palmitate-induced apoptosis in sub-G1 analysis. FL showed relatively weak potential only at tested maximal dose, and RA showed the greatest higher efficacy on this experimental cellular model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions : According to this comparative experiment, Rhizoma Alismatis seems to have the most powerful potential among the six herbs constituting KHchunggan-tang, and consecutive further study seems to be required for more standardized and effective clinical application of KHchunggan-tang for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 1996

여러 종류의 폐암과 췌장암 세포주를 배양하여 DNA를 분리하였다. 분리한 DNA는 PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)로 증폭하여 염기 서열화를 시행하여 K-ras와 p53 유전자들의 돌연변이 종류. 빈도 및 가능한 관계에 대하여 조사하였다. 연구한 암세포주 중 약 81%가 종양 유전자 K-ras와 암 억제 유전자 p53 중 적어도 하나의 돌연변이를 가지고 있었으며 두 유전자 각각에 대해서는 암 세포주 중 약 54.5%에서 돌연변이가 나타났다. 발견된 돌연변이의 종류는 1개의 세포주에 발견된 넌센스 돌연변이 이외에는 모두 미스센스 돌연변이가 일어났으며 2개의 세포주에서 일어난 염기 삽입이외에는 모두 염기 치환이 일어났다. 현재까지 p53 코돈 중 ras와 동시에 돌연변이가 일어난다고 보고된 코돈 이외에도 p53 코돈 164-165과 248이 K-ras와 동시에 돌연변이가 발생하였고, p53 유전자의 돌연변이의 위치에 관계없이 K-ras 유전자에서는 exon 1. 코돈 12개에서 돌연변이가 발생하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 2001

Background: Anterior atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) is a frequent phenomenon in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). AAS compresses the C2 ganglion or nerve and is a cause of posterior neck pain or occipital headache. Methods: We selected RA patients that had developed posterior neck pain or occipital headache caused by AAS. AAS was diagnosed by an increase of ADI (atlantodental interval). A distance of 3 mm or more was considered significant. Patients with vertical subluxation or symptoms suggestive of myelopathy were excluded. Before C2 RF ganglionotomy, we proceeded with a C2 ganglion block or greater occipital nerve block used by local anesthetics. For C2 RF ganglionotomy, the patient was placed in the supine position on a fluoroscopic table. A 100 mm, 4 mm active tip electrode was chosen. Following sensory stimulation at 0.2 to 0.6 V, the lesion was performed at a temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ to $65^{\circ}C$ for 60 sec. We followed up the patient after 6 months later. Results: All cases were female and the average duration of RA was 8.5 years. The duration of posterior neck pain or occipital headache was 1-8 months. The average ADI was 4.2 mm and the McGregor index was 3.3 mm on the average. In all cases, the score on the 4 point Likert scale was 4 (pain free) during the follow-up period. Conclusions: We found that the occipital headache or posterior neck pain caused by AAS in rheumatoid arthritis patients was alleviated over a short term follow up. C2 RF ganglionotomy is suggested as an effective palliative treatment for AAS in RA patients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.144-148
• /
• 2018

Background: Panax ginseng is a well-known immune modulator, and there is concern that its immune-enhancing effects may negatively affect patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by worsening symptoms or increasing the risk of adverse effects from other drugs. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, we evaluated the impact of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on disease activity and safety in RA patients. Methods: A total of 80 female RA patients were randomly assigned to either the KRG (2 g/d, n = 40) treatment or placebo (n = 40) groups for 8 wk, followed by crossover to the other treatment group for an additional 8 wk. The primary outcome was the disease flare rate, defined as worsening disease activity according to the disease activity score 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). The secondary outcomes were development of adverse events (AEs) and patient reported outcomes. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 8 wk and 16 wk. The outcomes were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: Of the 80 patients, 70 completed the full study. Their mean age was 51.9 yr, and most exhibited low disease activity (mean DAS28-ESR $3.5{\pm}1.0$) at enrollment. After intervention, the flare rate was 3.7% in each group. During KRG treatment, 10 AEs were reported, while five AEs were developed with placebo; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Gastrointestinal- and nervous system-related symptoms were frequent in the KRG group. Conclusion: KRG is not significantly associated with either disease flare rate or the rate of AE development in RA patients.

• 태양에너지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.123-135
• /
• 1998

자연대류에서 정사각형 밀폐공간의 중앙에 고립된 전도성 장애물이 들어 있을 때 열전도도의 효과를 수치해석적으로 연구하였다. Pr=0.17, $Ra=1.0{\times}10^4,\;1.0{\times}10^5,\;1.0{\times}10^6$, 유체와 전도체의 열전도율비인 $K^*$=1.0, 6.6, 34.0 그리고 전도성 장애물의 비 ${\zeta}$=0.5,1.0,2.0에서 수치연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과들은 유선, 등온선 그리고 Nusselt수로 나타내었다. Ra and $K^*$ 값이 일정한 상태에서 평균 Nusselt수가 증가함에 따라 ${\zeta}$ 가 증가하였다. ${\zeta}=1.0$(장애물의 형상비)일 경우 Rayleigh수에 관계없이 $K^*$(장애물의 열전도율비)가 증가할수록 평균 Nusselt수는 감소한다. 장애물의 크기와 열전도율비가 동일할 때 대류열전달 효과는 ${\zeta}=0.5$인 경우보다 ${\zeta}=2.0$일 때 더 향상되었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.43-58
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The elicit of DeQi, a composite of sensation including numbness and fullness that develops at the site of acupuncture stimulation, is considered to be clinically essential to establish treatment efficacy. However, there was little studies investigating the relationship between the subjective feeling of acupuncture sensation and acupuncture analgesia, The current study was therefore performed to determine the correlation between the acupuncture sensation scale (ASS) and the degree of acupuncture analgesia. Methods : Ninety-two female subjects were stimulated at LI4 acupoint on non-dominant hand with real (RA) or sham acupuncture (SA). Finger withdrawal latency (FWL) of each group was also measured to evaluate analgesic effect of acupuncture on the noxious heat stimuli on the dominant hand. All subjects were asked to complete seven point-Likert scale ASS developed by Vincent et al. Results : The increase rate of FWL of the RA group was significantly higher than that of the SA group(36.03 ${\pm}$ 4.45% vs 24.50 ${\pm}$ 3.73%). RA stimulation produced significantly higher rating of all the ASS except for dull sensation, compared to SA stimulation. Significant correlations between analgesic effect of RA, but not of SA, and the degree of the ASS, including burning sensation(r=0.349), Intense sensation(r=0.299), pulsating sensation (r=0.335), and stinging sensation (r=0.306) were found. Conclusions : The results of our study indicate that the DeQi sensation are associated with acupuncture analgesia. Our findings suggest that the evocation of DeQi might be useful clinical indicator of acupuncture treatment.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.215-226
• /
• 2015

Experiment on roughness and micro pit defects of SUS 430 ferrite stainless steel was investigated in laboratory. The relation between roughness and glossiness with reduction in height, roll surface roughness, emulsion parameters was analyzed. The surface morphology of micro pit defects was observed by SEM, and the effects of micro pit defects on rolling reduction, roll surface roughness, emulsion parameters, lubrication oil in deformation zone and work roll diameter were discussed. With the increasing of reduction ratio strip surface roughness Ra(s), Rp(s) and Rv(s) were decreasing along rolling and width direction, the drop value in rolling direction was faster than that in width direction. The roughness and glossiness were obtained under emulsion concentration 3% and 6%, temperature $55^{\circ}C$ and $63^{\circ}C$, roll surface roughness $Ra(r)=0.5{\mu}m$, $Ra(r)=0.7{\mu}m$ and $Ra(r)=1.0{\mu}m$. The glossiness was declined rapidly when the micro defects ratio was above 23%. With the pass number increasing, the micro pit defects were reduced, uneven peak was decreased and gently along rolling direction. The micro pit defects were increased with the roll surface roughness increase. The defects ratio was declined with larger gradient at pass number 1 to 3, but gentle slope at pass number 4 to 5. When work roll diameter was small, bite angle was increasing, lubrication oil in micro pit of deformation zone was decreased, micro defects were decreased, and glossiness value on the surface of strip was increased.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.433-439
• /
• 2021

본 논문에서는 사물인터넷을 이용하여 조선소의 작업장 단위로 센서네트워크를 구축하는 방안을 제시한다. 여기서는 조선소에서 가장 흔한 용접 작업장에서 조선블록을 통신매체로 활용하여 작업자의 위치, 용접 진행률, 작업 시간 등의 정보를 LoRa와 전력선통신을 이용하여 서버로 전송한다. 이와 같은 데이터통신을 위하여 유도성 커플러와 복합통신용 모뎀을 제작하여 와이어피더와 핀지그에 설치하여 센서네트워크를 구축하였다. 시험 결과, 제시된 시스템은 약 98% 이상의 데이터 전송 성공률과 작업자 위치 인식 성공률을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 현장에서 발생된 작업 데이터는 실시간 기록과 디스플레이가 가능함을 공정관리시스템 플랫폼을 통하여 확인하였다. 제시된 시스템은 미래형 스마트 조선소 구축을 통한 우리나라 조선산업의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 단초가 될 것으로 사료된다.