• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between internet addiction and health behaviors & mental health among Korean adolescents. Methods: Data from the 2010 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was analyzed. Using the Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth-Short Form: Self Report developed by the Korean National Information Society Agency in 2008, subjects were classified into 3 groups for internet addiction including general user, potential-risk group, and high-risk group. The health behaviors and mental health were compared among the groups for internet addiction by gender. Results: There was significantly higher prevalence of internet addiction including potential-risk group and high-risk group in boys(14.1%) than in girls(8.8%). There were significant odds ratios of perceived stress, perceived depression, perceived health and happiness, and satisfaction of sleeping in both genders at potential-risk group and high-risk group compared to general user for the internet addiction. The odds ratios of smoking at high risk group, alcohol drinking at potential risk group, eating breakfast at high risk group, and moderate physical activity at both risk groups among boys were significant. Among girls at both risk group, the odds ratios of smoking, alcohol drinking, and eating breakfast were significant. Conclusions: This study reveals a significant association among internet addiction, and health behaviors, and mental health in Korean adolescents.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2014

With regard to recently emerged problems of smartphone addiction among adults and adolescents, this paper researched upper-grade elementary students depending on various demographic factors that have not been studied thoroughly so far. The survey was conducted on 1570 students in grades 4~6 of schools in Gyeonggi province. Results showed that, first, the average rate of smartphone ownership was about 66%. Second, about 1% of the students belonged to high-risk group, 5.7% to at-risk group, and normal user group was 93.3%. Third, based on the demographic factors, grade and academic achievements each was significantly correlated to the type of addiction group. For example, students with poor academic performance or in higher grade were more likely to be highly addictive. Fourth, both groups of at-risk and of normal-user pertaining to these factors - in urban areas, male students, sixth-grade, in dual income families - showed higher addictiveness score. But they were contrasted in the aspects of household economy and academic performance: at-risk group was more addictive in affluent families or excellent academic performance, whereas normal-user group had higher level of addictiveness in case of poor families or lower academic performance.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Recently, use of smartphones has increased so sharply at all ages that addiction problems have emerged. This study analysed factors, focusing on demographic variables, that impact on smartphone addiction of elementary students. First, differences between distributions of addicted groups and those between distributions of most frequently used smartphone functions per variable are analyzed. As a result, grade and academic achievements yield the biggest differences between distributions of addicted groups and gender, grade, and academic achievements yield differences between distributions of most frequently used smartphone functions. Also, differences between distributions of most frequently used smartphone functions per addicted user group are regarded significant. Furthermore, factors affecting smartphone addiction are analysed through the logistic regression analysis and decision trees, where grade, academic achievements, dual-income parents, and residential areas are found affecting in that order.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.859-871
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• 2019

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the usability, quality, and usefulness of the mobile application, CAMBRA-kids, for caries management in preschoolers. Methods: Ninety-one caregivers and preschoolers participated in the user evaluation of CAMBRA-kids. The evaluators assessed the usability, quality, and usefulness of CAMBRA-kids. The collected data were analyzed using R studio 1.2.1335 for Windows (RStudio Inc. 2018, Boston, MA, USA). The evaluations for usability, quality, and usefulness were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: On user evaluation, the quality and usefulness of the application scored >3 points, and majority of the users rated the quality and usefulness of the application as high. The quality of the application's system was the highest at 3.68 points, and the actual usage of the application was the lowest at 3.10 points. The application had the highest technological aspect score of 3.20, whereas the content related to oral health information had the lowest score of 3.10/5. Although the application showed no statistically significant differences in the quality and usefulness according to general characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the two when compared between the caries risk group. For all items, the protector of the high-risk group evaluated the quality and usefulness of the application highly. The moderate risk group gave the lowest evaluation score for the application's quality and usefulness. The usability score of the application, according to the user version of the mobile application rating scale (uMARS), was 3.25, and the average engagement score was 2.82 (56.31%). The highest subscale score was 3.63. Conclusions: In this study, we found suitable quality, usability, and usefulness of the mobile application, CAMBRA-kids. In future, the use of this application will contribute to the prevention of dental caries among preschoolers.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.411-423
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to form a healthy smartphone culture and serve as basic materials for developing smartphone addiction intervention program by understanding mental health and physical health of college students caused by smartphone addiction. Methods: The data collected from 261 college students at G and S city universities who understood the purpose of this study and consented to take part in the study were analyzed on mean, standard deviation, frequency, Chi square test and t-test using SPSS 20.0. Results: The result showed that the level of smartphone addiction was significantly different according to gender, age, type of college, satisfaction with college life and satisfaction with family life. The smartphone addiction risk group showed higher score in life stress, depression, social avoidance and distress than the general user group and the physical health was also higher in the risk group than the general user group. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and apply customized intervention plan per each person's characteristics and level of addiction to prevent addiction and improve health condition from overuse of smartphone.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2012

The analysis was conducted for studying the degree of internet addiction and the difference between addicted group and non-addicted group based on usage time. The target group is consisted of 30 people who receive the training at home. The purpose of this training is to reduce digital divide for the disabled with reduced mobility. As a result, the typical user group, less than the 31-point appeared as 4 cases, the potentially dangerous user I group, from 31 to 54 points appeared as 25 cases, the potentially dangerous user II group, from the 54-67 points appeared as only one person. However, there was no game addiction case, more than 67 points. In addition, there was no significant difference in impulsivity and aggression between the high-risk group of 9 persons using internet more than 2.7 hours and the typical user group of 21 persons with less risk. From the result, there are two possibilities. On the one hand, an increase of the usage time for the disabled might not lead to addiction. Or, on the other hand, a measure of addiction for non-disabled might not suitable for the disabled addiction examination.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of digital textbook use for potential risk group of internet addiction and average group. For this, I selected two samples. One was a group to use digital textbook at school, the other was a group not to use that. Then each potential risk group of internet addiction were sort out in two groups by a test of internet addiction. I firstly compared a average user group and a potential risk group of internet addiction in group to use digital textbook. Also, I too did that in group not to use digital textbook. Then I analyzed the relevance of using digital textbook and internet addiction. As a result, I found that using digital textbook have not the relevance with internet addiction. But in this paper, I proposed a way to teach ICT ethical training before students use the digital textbook, because most of potential risk students of internet addiction tend to think they was influenced by digital textbook.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of depression, stress, and self-efficacy on the addiction to cell phone use among university students. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires from 563 students and analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 16.0. Results: The proportion of depressed subjects was 52.6%. The addictive group scored higher than the non-addictive group in depression rate and stress, but scored lower in self-efficacy. Out of the subjects, 32.9% were found to be addictive users, 31.3% at potential risk, and 1.6% at high risk. Significant variables influencing addictive users were stress, self-efficacy, and the user's general characteristics including monthly spending money, sex, the hours of daily use, and the main method of use. Conclusion: It is concluded that such variables leading university students to the addiction of cell phone use.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the parent related factors that influence internet game addiction among elementary school students. Method: Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Data survey was conducted with 739 conveniently selected students who were in grades 4, 5, and 6 of elementary schools in Seoul or Gyung-gi province. Results: The addiction groups were classified as general user group (84.3%), potential risk group (10.0%) and high risk group (5.7%). There were significant internet game addiction differences by gender, grade, expense of internet cafe, religion, school record, place where child played, economic status, and duration and frequency of game play. The addiction was negatively correlated to parents' attachment, supervision, attitude to child nurturing, and expectations regarding school study. The most significant variables were both parents' attitude to child nurturing, and mother's supervision. These three variables explained 20.7% of internet game addiction in elementary school students. Conclusion: These findings are expected to make a contribution to the creation of ideal interventions at school, home, and counselling centers to prevent internet game addiction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2007

Purpose: In this study, the Internet game addiction level was assessed, and parent-child attachment level associated with the addiction was analyzed. Method: From December 5 to 23, 2005, self-reported questionnaire data were collected from 990 Busan City elementary school students of the 5th and 6th grades. The questionnaire consisted of questions about their characteristic features in playing Internet games based on the K-scale developed by KADO. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation, $X^2$-test, ANOVA analysis and Scheffe test were used to analyze the data. Results: 1. With regard to the level of Internet game addiction, 71.2% of the students responded that they were general users, and 6.3%, at high risk for addiction. Mean scores were 103.3 for the high-risk group, 77.7 for the potential risk group, and 55.86 for the general user group. The total mean was 63.74. 2. Mean scores for parent-child attachment levels were 97.1 and 99.6 for father and mother, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that a collaborative program to educate and counsel parents to increase the parent-child attachment level needs to be established in protection and recovery programs for Internet game addiction.