• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.337-350
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• 2010

This study conducted sedimentological and geophysical surveys for 3 years (2006-2008) in southern Gyeonggi Bay, Korea to elucidate temporal changes in subaqueous dune morphology on a sand ridge trending northeast to southwest that has been excavated by marine sand mining. The sand ridge (~20 m in height, ~2 km in width and 3~4 km in length) has a steep slope on the NW side and a gentle slope on the SE side, creating an asymmetric profile. Large (10~100 m in length) and very large (>100 m in length) dunes occurring on the SE side of the ridge show a northeastward asymmetrical shape, whereas dunes on the NW side destroyed by marine sand mining display a southwestward asymmetry. The comparison between Flemming (1988)'s correlation and the height-length correlation of this study indicates that tidal current and availability of sand sediment are major controlling factors to the development and maintenance of dunes. Depth and sedimentary characteristics (grain size) are not likely to be major controlling factors, but indirectly influence dune growth by hydrological and sedimentary processes. The length and the height of dunes decrease toward the southeastern trough away from the crest of the ridge. These features result from the decrease of tidal current and sediment availability. The length and the height of dunes on the southeast side decrease gradually over time. This is a result of the interaction between tidal current and the decrease in sediment availability due to sediment extraction by marine sand mining. Marine sand mining has destroyed the dunes directly, causing irregular shapes of shorter length and lower height. The coarse fraction of suspended sediments is transported and deposited very close to the sand pit. By contrast, relatively fine sediments are transported by the tidal current and deposited over a wide range by the settling-lag effect, resulting in a decrease of sediment grain size in the area where suspended sediments are deposited. In addition, marine sand mining, decreases the height of dunes. Therefore, morphological and sedimentological characteristics of dunes around the sand pits will be significantly changed by future sand mining activities.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.487-496
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• 2001

In this study, a galvanic stimulator providing bipolar mode controlled by a PIC(peripheral interface controller) was constructed to evaluate vestibular function The maximum load and maximum current intensity of the constant current source were 3$k\Omega$ and 5mA. respectively. and it could Produce DC, sine wavers. or Pulse waves. Eve movements of 20 normal subjects by galvanic stimulation were analyzed using a commercial videooculogragh. During stimulating with DC for 30 sec. we recorded the response of eye movement with current intensity of 0.75. 1 2, and 3 mA. Nystagmus occurred to all the subjects when the galvanic stimulus intensity was larger than 2 mA. Average SPV(slow Phase eye movement velocity) and the number of nystagmus increased from 7.1 to 4.8 deg/sec and from 17 to 48, respectively, when the stimulus current increased from 0.75 to 3 mA. All the fast eye movement of the nystagmus were the direction of the negative electrode. The asymmetry which means the difference between right- and left-eye movements decreased when the stimulus intensity increased. It is expected that this study would be useful in evaluating vestibular function and in studying basic Physiology mechanism of vestibular ocular reflex by galvanic stimulus .

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.393-433
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• 2015

Creativity refers to the ability to generate novel and useful ideas. Understanding the mechanism of creativity and its enhancement is important in order to solve major problems of the modern society and to improve the wellness of mankind. Creativity is a highly heterogeneous and complex ability which should not be conceptualized as a single entity. Thus, the current literature on creativity is based on a component process approach to creativity. The present study introduces cognitive neuroscience research studying the mechanism of divergent thinking, insight, relational thinking and artistic creativity which are the major components of creativity. Based on an expansive review, the early hypothesis of hemispheric asymmetry emphasizing the importance of the right as opposed to the left hemisphere is not supported by scientific evidence. In addition, there is no consensus or consistency on which specific brain region is related to a certain component of creativity. In fact, there is a mixture of studies reporting involvement of various brain regions across all four lobes of the brain. This inconsistency in the literature most likely reflects heterogeneity of the component processes of creativity and sensitivity of the neural response to differences across tasks and cognitive strategy. The present study introduces examples of representative studies reporting seminal findings on the neural basis and the enhancement of creativity based on innovative methodology. In addition, we discuss limitations of the current cognitive neuroscience approach to creativity and present directions for future research.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2020

In the present study, a biomimetic alumina membrane was fabricated by using selenic acid as an electrolyte to overcome the asymmetry limit of the square pulse anodization process. The prepared membrane has conical channels with a minimum diameter of 10 nm, a maximum diameter of 50 nm, and a length of 5 ㎛. The rectification property was higher than membranes fabricated by sulfuric acid. It showed 2.9 times larger current at +1 V than -1 V. Also, the membrane, which sulfonic acid group was introduced by surface modification, showed 4.2 times larger rectification property at -1 V than +1 V. Theoretical verifications were supported by the numerical analyses of 2D models. The results of the present study present a convenient method to fabricate two type membranes with different rectification properties and are expected to be used to control ion transport.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2021

Modern methods of regulating migration processes in EU states include a wide variety of adapted, transformed under the sway of globalization tools in order to influence the movement of human capital within the European space. The main purpose of the regulatory policy on migration flows is the redistribution of professionally competent professionals between different spheres of life. Herewith, the determining factor in the effectiveness of such distribution is a rational combination of stimulating and disincentive levers of influence on the movement of citizens of different EU countries and taking into account the motives of such mobility. Modernization of migration management approaches can be a major economic, social, political and cultural progress of European countries. The purpose of the research is to conduct a detailed analysis of existing practices of migration flow management, in particular their stimulation or containment, and to outline key migration trends formed under the influence of multicomponent approaches to migration regulation, transformation of regulatory legislation and changing priorities of modern society. The research methods: statistical-analytical method; ARIS method; method of tabular, graphical and analytical modeling; comparative analysis; systematization, generalization. Results. Current pan-European methods of regulating migration processes are insufficiently adapted to the multinational socialeconomic space; consequently, there are some disparities in the distribution of migrants between EU countries, although the overall dynamics of migration is positive. Fluctuations in the population of European countries during 2000-2019 and trends in the transformation of social-economic space confirm the insufficient level of influence of current methods of regulating migration flows. Along with this, the presence of a characteristic asymmetry in the distribution of migrants requires a greater focus on the modernization of regulatory instruments, in particular, the regulatory mechanism for managing migration processes. As a result of the conducted study, further prospects for the implementation of alternative methods of regulating migration processes in EU states have been outlined; the current and projected limits for increasing the level of observance of migrants' rights at the European level have been clarified through the adoption of appropriate regulatory acts; effective solutions for intensifying the influx of high-quality labor resources from different countries to EU have been identified. The research results can be used to study methods of regulating migration processes in the countries in the global dimension.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2436-2442
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• 2014

In this study, EEG, HRV, and Vibra image were compared and analyzed in the environmental test room due to variation of temperature. The condition of the environmental test room was in relative humidity 50[RH%], air current speed 0.02[m/s] and illuminance 1000[lux] with setting up different temperatures from $18[^{\circ}C]$ to $31[^{\circ}C]$. At temperature $25[^{\circ}C]$, relative $M{\alpha}$ wave, relative $M{\beta}$ wave, $\frac{SMR}{\theta}$, and SDNN were revitalized, and both sides ${\alpha}$ wave asymmetry index $A_2$, HRT, stress index, and fatigue degree were decreased. Therefore, it was found that temperature $25[^{\circ}C]$ effects to increase the Neuro-energy like amenity, productivity, and concentration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1745-1750
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• 2013

A novel green aqueous mobile phase modified with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) was employed in the absence of volatile organic solvents or ion-pairing reagents to analyze thiamine, a very polar compound, by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Due to its strongly hydrophilic nature, thiamine was eluted near the column dead time ($t_0$) using a mobile phase without adding RTILs or ion-pairing reagents, even if a 100% aqueous mobile phase, which has weak elution power under reverse phase conditions, was used. Thus, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([EMIM][$PF_6$]), which has the strongest chaotropic effect, was selected as a mobile phase additive to improve retention and avoid baseline disturbances at $t_0$. Various mobile phase parameters such as cation moiety, chaotropic anion moiety, pH and concentration of RTILs were optimized to determine thiamine at the proper retention time. Method validation was performed to assess linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision, recovery and repeatability; all results were found to be satisfactory. The developed method was also compared to the current official United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and Korean Pharmacopoeia (KP) methods using an organic mobile phase containing an ionpairing reagent by means of evaluating various chromatographic parameters such as the capacity factor, theoretical plate number, peak asymmetry and tailing factor. The results indicated that the proposed method exhibited better efficiency of thiamine analysis than the official methods, and it was successfully applied to quantify thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.336-346
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• 2017

Background: Due to the asymmetry of information and knowledge and the power of bureaucrats and medical professionals, it is not easy for citizens to participate in health care policy making. This study analyzes the case of the insured organization participating in the Health Insurance Policy Committee (HIPC) and provides a basis for discussing methods and conditions for better public participation. Methods: Qualitative analysis was conducted using the in-depth interviews with the participants and document data such as materials for HIPC meetings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively sampled six participants from organizations representing the insured in HIPC. The meanings related to the factors affecting participation were found and categorized into major categories. Results: The main factors affecting participating in the decision making process were trust and cooperation among the participants, structure and procedure of governance, representation and expertise of participants, and contents of issues. Due to limited cooperation, participants lacked influence in important decisions. There was an imbalance in power due to unreasonable procedures and criteria for governance. As the materials for meetings were provided inappropriate manner, it was difficult for participants to understand the contents and comments on the meeting. Due to weak accountability structure, opinions from external stakeholders have not been well received. The participation was made depending on the expertise of individual members. The degree of influence was different depending on the contents of the issues. Conclusion: In order to meet the values of democracy and realize the participation that the insured can demonstrate influence, it is necessary to have a fair and reasonable procedure and a sufficient learning environment. More deliberative structure which reflects citizen's public perspective is required, rather than current negotiating structure of HIPC.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.354-364
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• 2016

With the advancement of the digital convergence of content and platform, Korean film industry sees good opportunities of maximizing the profits and increased distribution opportunities by independent film makers. Nevertheless, the domestic film market almost entirely relies on the box office sales, which seems to be caused by the stagnation of new additional copyright market. The study aims to address the following problems: First, information asymmetry of the revenues to which the contents providers and the service providers are exposed leads to the distrust among digital film contents businesses and the disadvantages to film makers and investors, in particular. Secondly, the VOD(Video on Demand) market of film industry is adversely affected by the illegal uploads and downloads of film contents, which harms the formation of paid additional market. Based on the examination of current legislation and policy options addressing these issues, the study suggests legislative accomodations and cultural industry policy alternatives to promote the additional market of film industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.473-480
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the cash flow of pharmaceutical companies on R&D investment. 143 pharmaceutical companies listed in the KOSDAQ market from 2009 to 2013. Financial statements and comments in general and internal transactions were extracted from TS-2000 of the Korea Listed Company Association (KLCA), and data related to stock price was extracted from KISVALUE-III of NICE Information Service Co., Ltd. STATA 12.0 was used as the statistical package for panel analysis. The summary of the findings and the interpretation of the significance of this are as follows: First, the current ratio (internal finance) had a positive influence on R&D investment. Second, the debt ratio (external finance) had a negative influence on R&D investment. The pharmaceutical company prefers internal funds to external funds due to the asymmetry of information in the loan markets. In other words, this shows why internal finances have a significant influence on R&D investment at pharmaceutical companies.