• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2006

In planning a genetic association study, it is necessary to determine the number of samples to be collected for the study in order to achieve sufficient power to detect the hypothesized effect. The case-control design is increasingly used for genetic association studies due to the simplicity of its design. We review the methods for the sample size and power calculations in case-control genetic association studies between a marker locus and a disease phenotype.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.26 no.2 s.140
• /
• pp.42-53
• /
• 1987

This study is aimed at providing a theoretical basis for the nursing manpower management regulations enforced by hospitals in the country. For this purpose, the study first gives a statistical analysis of the marital status of nurses, inquires into the vi

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.114-121
• /
• 2007

Power and sample size estimation is one of the crucially important steps in planning a genetic association study to achieve the ultimate goal, identifying candidate genes for disease susceptibility, by designing the study in such a way as to maximize the success possibility and minimize the cost. Here we review the optimal two-stage genotyping designs for genomewide association studies recently investigated by Wang et al(2006). We review two mathematical frameworks most commonly used to compute power in genetic association studies prior to the main study: Monte-Carlo and non-central chi-square estimates. Statistical powers are computed by these two approaches for case-control genotypic tests under one-stage direct association study design. Then we discuss how the linkage-disequilibrium strength affects power and sample size, and how to use empirically-derived distributions of important parameters for power calculations. We provide useful information on publicly available softwares developed to compute power and sample size for various study designs.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2014

Medication adherence is generally defined as the extent of voluntary cooperation of a patient in taking medicine as prescribed. Adherence to long-term treatment with chronic disease is essential for reducing disease comorbidity and mortality. However, medication non-adherence in chronic disease averages 50%. This study was conducted a genome-wide association study to identify the genetic basis of medication adherence. A total of 235 medication non-adherents and 1,067 medication adherents with hypertension or diabetes were used from the Korean Association Resource project data according to the self-reported treatment status of each chronic disease, respectively. We identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms with suggestive genome-wide association. The most significant single nucleotide polymorphism was rs6978712 (chromosome 7, $p=4.87{\times}10^{-7}$), which is located proximal to the GCC1 gene, which was previously implicated in decision-making capability in drug abusers. Two suggestive single nucleotide polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium ($r^2$ > 0.8) with rs6978712. Thus, in the aspect of decision-making in adherence behavior, the association between medication adherence and three loci proximal to the GCC1 gene seems worthy of further research. However, to overcome a few limitations in this study, defining the standardized phenotype criteria for self-reported adherence should be performed before replicating association studies.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.116-126
• /
• 2016

In modern society which changes from quantity-seeking society to value-seeking one, people's various lifestyles have great effect on consumption patterns and work as an important factor in choosing hotels. The fact that design hotels, which provide unique experiences with differentiated and sensitive designs by reflecting various lifestyles, recently attract attention can be understood in the same context. As a matter of fact, design hotels recently serve as destinations as they become cultural and artistic icons which reflect customer lifestyles. Especially, the designs of lobby spaces in hotels play deciding role in customers' choices while representing the nature of hotels. In this respect, under the premise that the kinds of accumulated experiences are different depending on lifestyles and preferences for specific interior spaces are influenced by association mechanism formed by experiences, this study analyzed lobby spaces of design hotels which focus on specific lifestyles from the perspective of association mechanism based on experiences. As the method of analysis, this study classified the types of lifestyles and conducted case analysis to investigate what association mechanism works to enhance the preference of design hotels by types. Study classified lifestyles into experiential activity type, social meeting type, fashion-pursuing type and hideout-preferring type and analyzed cases of lobby designs in design hotels. The results of this case analysis are as follows; First, experiential activity type mainly utilized quasi-association and approach association through senses and social meeting type utilized quasi-association and memory association through emotions while fashion-pursuing type utilized quasi-association and presumption association through intuition and hideout-preferring type utilized quasi-association and approach association through thoughts. Second, it was found that most lobby designs are characterized by association mechanism in visual formative nature and that in temporal spatial nature working in complex way, and, through such process of association expansion, space stories are created. Stories of spaces created this way become unique identities of design hotels that provide new experiences for customers.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2002

I. Trend of the Association of Japanese Geographers in 1970-1980. II. Reformation of the Association of Japanese Geographers Since 1980. III. Changing Era Revolution of Universities. IV. Geographical Education in the Association of Japanese Geographers. V. Overseas field WOrs in the Association of Japanese Geographers. VI. Recently Trend of Korean Study in the Field of Climatology and Environmental Geography in the Association of Japanese Geographers.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.61-75
• /
• 2017

The Korean Family Resource Management Association(KFRMA) celebrated its $20^{th}$ anniversary in 2016. KFRMA has tried to improve the quality of family life through research and education since it was formed in 1996. The purpose of this study was to show the contributions of this association and to suggest the future direction. For these purposes, this study showed the process of development through themes of 40 symposiums and it analyzed the research trends among articles published in the Journal of KFRMA. Based on this evaluation, this study suggested an expansion of the research area, the identification of family resource management relating to family policies or healthy family services. Support for leading research projects and the training of healthy family specialists are needed in this association for next 20 years.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2006

Objectives : In this study we examined the association between the genetic markers ACE (A-240T, C-93T, I/D, A2350G), AGT (M235T), AT1R (A1166C), CYP11B2 (T344C, V386A), REN (G2646A), ADRB2 (G46A, C79G, T47C, T1641), GNB3 (C825T) and ADD1 (G460W) and the presence of essential hypertension in adolescents. Methods : The Kangwha Study is an 18-year prospective study that is aimed at elucidating the determinants of the blood pressure level from childhood to early adulthood. For this study, we constructed a case-control dataset of size of 277 and 40 family trios data from the Kangwha Study. For this purpose, we perform a single locus-based case-control association study and a single locus-based TDT (transmission/disequilibrium test) study. Results : In the case-control study, the single locus-based association study indicated that the ADD1 (G460W) (p=0.0403), AGT (M235T) (p=0.0002), and REN (G2646A) (p=0.0101) markers were significantly associated with the risk of hypertension. These results were not confirmed on the TDT study. This study showed that genetic polymorphisms of the ADD1, AGT and REN genes might be related to the hypertension in Korean adolescents. Conclusions : This study provided useful information on genetics markers related to blood pressure. Further study will be needed to confirm the effect of the alpha adducin gene, the angiotensinogen gene and the renin gene on essential hypertension.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.83-100
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to comprehensively understand the recent status of domestic e-commerce market and provide useful information for the revitalization of domestic on-line economy. This study looks over the association between type of e-commerce and demographic variables for each purchase ordering and sales order business. The demographics under consideration is administrative district, occupation and business organization type and type of e-commerce is B2B, B2C and B2G to deal with. Research design, data, and methodology - From January 2017 to December 2017, about 14000 samples are extracted from all businesses with experience in purchasing or selling products or services through e-commerce. The association between the two categorical variables considered by using two major statistical techniques such as chi-square test and correspondence analysis can be quantitatively and visually detected. Result - This study shows the association between the type of e-commerce with the administrative district and the occupation is completely different, but B2B and B2C are identical for organization type, with respect to both purchase and sales orders. Conclusion - The association between the type of e-commerce with the administrative district and the occupation is completely different, but B2B and B2C are identical for organization type, with respect to both purchase and sales orders.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.299-313
• /
• 1973