• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.341-350
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to identify stereotypes toward the poor drinker held by students. Stereotypes toward the poor drinker were examined at two levels: to assess students' beliefs about the traits of the poor drinker and to categorize the traits into stereotypes. The main results of this study were as follows: 1) Students reported 97 traits associated with the poor drinker. 2) Hierarchical cluster analysis of the trait groupings revealed two high-level clusters: a cluster of 35 positive traits and a cluster of 62 negative traits. Within the positive and negative clusters, 15 middle-level categories, 5 positive categories(a kind patriarch, pure, thrifty and diligent, self-controlled, prudent), and 10 negative categories(isolated, dull, passive, not confidant, unsociable, repressed, unstable, egocentric, naive, childish) were identified. This results suggested that students believed negative stereotypes are more typical than positive ones.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.177-189
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• 2015

With the business environment rapidly changing, organizational politics becomes a general and inevitable phenomenon in organizations. Employees' perception of organizational politics (POP) both has positive functions and negative functions, but many study results found it has a negative effects on employees' attitudes and behaviors. Despite the awareness of the importance in managing the negative effects of organizational politics at the workplace is increasing, research relating to employees' POP hasn't received much attention in China. With empirical analysis, the main findings come as follow: Firstly, POP has a significant positive(+) effect on turnover intention and a significant negative(-) effect on OCB. Secondly, Through the mediation of job stress, POP is indirectly and positively(+) associated with turnover intention and negatively(-) associated with OCB. Lastly, Procedural justice has a moderating effects between POP and job stress.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.819-832
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify risk factors that influence the probability and severity of elder abuse in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect data from community-dwelling Koreans, 65 and older (N=416). Logistic regression, negative binomial regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression model for abuse count data were utilized to determine risk factors for elder abuse. Results: The rate of older adults who experienced any one category of abuse was 32.5%. By zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, the experience of verbal-psychological abuse was associated with marital status and family support, while the experience of physical abuse was associated with self-esteem, perceived economic stress and family support. Family support was found to be a salient risk factor of probability of abuse in both verbal-psychological and physical abuse. Self-esteem was found to be a salient risk factor of probability and severity of abuse in physical abuse alone. Conclusion: The findings suggest that tailored prevention and intervention considering both types of elder abuse and target populations might be beneficial for preventative efficiency of elder abuse.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.542-549
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• 2018

Background Despite the increasing popularity of prosthetic breast reconstruction, scant data exist on the microbiological profile of drainage fluid from closed-suction drains and the relationship thereof to surgical-site infections (SSIs) in breast reconstruction surgery. This study aimed to determine whether bacteria isolated from drainage fluid were associated with the development of SSIs, and whether the bacterial profile of drainage fluid could be a clinically useful predictor of SSIs. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 61 women who underwent tissue expander/implant or direct-to-implant reconstructions. Patient demographics and culture studies of drainage fluid from suction drains collected on postoperative day 7 were evaluated. Results Sixteen patients (26.23%) were culture-positive, and 45 patients (73.77%) were culture-negative. The most frequently isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. SSIs were diagnosed in seven patients and were mostly resolved by systemic antibiotics; however, the tissue expander or implant was explanted in two patients. Positive culture of drainage fluid from closed-suction drains was significantly associated with the development of SSIs (P<0.05). The positive predictive value was 37.50%, and the negative predictive value was 97.78%. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate a significant association between the microbiological profile of drainage fluid from closed-suction drains and the development of SSIs in patients with prosthetic breast reconstructions. The high negative predictive value suggests that microbial testing of drainage fluid from closed-suction drains may have clinical utility. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1015-1018
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• 2016

Background: Overexpression or amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is associated with grade of malignancy and a poor prognosis in breast cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to evaluate of value of HER2 as a prognostic marker, and to analyze associations with common histopathological parameters in BC cases. Materials and Methods: Between of 2007 to 2014, 260 patients with BC referred to Oncology Clinic provided cancer tissue samples which underwent immunohistochemistry (IHC) for markers. ER and PR positivity was defined as ${\geq}10%$ positive tumor cells with nuclear staining. HER2-positive was defined as either HER2 gene amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or scored as 3+ by IHC. For HER2 (2+), FISH was performed to determine HER2 positivity. Results: The mean age at diagnosis for the patients with HER2-negative was significantly higher than in HER2-positive cases. Also, there were significant correlations between histological grade, nuclear grade, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, ER status, PR status, p53 overexpression and Ki-67 index with HER2 expression. HER2-negative lesions were of higher grade and more likely to be ER-negative, PR-negative, p53-positive, lymph node metastasis, with a tumor size<2cm and also $Ki-67{\geq}20%$ as compared to the HER2-positive group. Conclusions: Contrary to the results of other studies, HER2-positive tumors in our study had a lower Ki-67 index and were p53-positive. Also, Ki-67 proliferation index ${\geq}20%$ in more studies was associated with p53-positive.Therefore, tumors which are HER2-positive and have a Ki-$67{\geq}20%$ had a more aggressive behavior compared to HER2-positive and Ki-67<20% lesions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7721-7725
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive role of religious coping in quality of life of breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from October 2014 to May 2015. A total of 224 women with breast cancer completed measures of socio-demographic information, religious coping (brief RCOPE), and quality of life (FACT-B). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis. Results: The mean age was 47.1 (SD=9.07) years and the majority were married (81.3%). The mean score for positive religious coping was 22.98 (SD=4.09) while it was 10.13 (SD=3.90) for negative religious coping. Multiple linear regression showed positive and negative religious coping as predictor variables explained a significant amount of variance in overall QOL score ($R^2=.22$, P=.001) after controlling for socio-demographic, and clinical variables. Positive religious coping was associated with improved QOL (${\beta}=0.29$; p=0.001). In contrast, negative religious coping was significantly associated with worse QOL (${\beta}=-0.26$; p=0.005). Conclusions: The results indicated the used types of religious coping strategies are related to better or poorer QOL and highlight the importance of religious support in breast cancer care.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.275-281
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• 2001

This study examined the relationship between psychopathology(depression, anxiety, aggression), maladaptive cognitions(negative cognitive errors, attributional biases), and age of children with ADHD. 40 ADHD children and their mother completed questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, aggression level and maladaptive cognitions of children. The results showed that maladaptive cognitions of children with ADHD was not significantly associated with their depression, anxiety, aggression level. Age was negatively related to internal stable attributions for negative events that was characteristic in depression, and had significantly effect on internal stable attributions for negative events. As age of ADHD children increased, their internal attribution for negative events reduced. It seems that their depression and anxiety level is associated with current stress event rather than maladaptive cognitions. Suggestions and limitations of this study, and the directions for future study were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.359-371
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• 2012

Purpose: Due to the explosive growth and widespread use of smartphones, new business opportunities are emerging. Despite the importance of creating customer value in using smartphone applications, past studies on have mainly focused on functions or factors and specifications that influence users to use the device. Methods: This study is intended to identify how customer dissatisfaction from the use of smartphone application services affects customer sentiment and behavior. The research model is tested via a survey of 290 smartphone application users. Results: The result of this empirical study indicates that customer dissatisfaction significantly affects the user's disappointment and regret in using a service, which are subordinate values of customer emotion. The user's anger is positively associated with 'Negative word of mouth' and 'Complaint', which are subordinate values of customer behavior, but not with an intention to switch to another service. 'Regret' and 'Disappointment' are positively associated with 'Negative word of mouth' and 'Switching intention', but not with 'Making direct complaints'. Finally, customer's negative sentiments are a significant intermediary in the relationship between customer dissatisfaction and behavioral response. Conclusion: Finally, the study offers a more systematic understanding on the phasal response process of customer dissatisfaction in relation to the provision of smartphone application services.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5515-5519
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• 2015

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ss469415590 in the interferon lambda-4 (IFNL4) gene has recently been reported to have an association with treatment response in chronic hepatitis C. However, any importance of the SNP in association with response to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is unclear. We retrospectively analyzed data for Thai patients with CHB treated with PEG-IFN for 48 weeks. Virological response (VR) for HBeAg-positive CHB was defined as HBeAg seroconversion plus HBV DNA level <2,000 IU/mL at 24 weeks post-treatment. VR for HBeAg-negative CHB was defined as an HBV DNA level <2,000 IU/mL at 48 weeks. The SNP was identified by real time PCR using the TaqMan genotyping assay with MGB probes. A total 254 patients (107 HBeAg-positive and 147 HBeAg-negative) were enrolled in the study. The distribution of TT/TT, ${\Delta}G/TT$ and ${\Delta}G/{\Delta}G$ genotypes was 221 (87.0%), 32 (12.6%) and 1 (0.4%), respectively. Patients with non-TT/TT genotypes had significantly higher baseline HBV DNA levels than patients with the TT/TT genotype. In HBeAg-positive CHB, 41.2% of patients with TT/TT genotype versus 50.0% with non-TT/TT genotype achieved VR (P=0.593). In HBeAg-negative CHB, the corresponding figures were 40.3% and 43.5%, respectively (P=0.777). There was no significant correlation between the SNP genotypes and HBsAg clearance in both groups of patients. In summary, ss469415590 genotypes were not associated with response to PEG-IFN in Thai patients with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

Autonomic and EEG responses were analyzed in 32 college students exposed to visual stimulation with Korean Affective Picture System (KAPS) and 36 students exposed to the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Cardiac, electrodermal, and electrocortical measures were recorded during 30 sec of viewing affective pictures. The slides intended to elicit basic emotions (fear, anger, surprise, disgust, and sadness) were presented to subjects via Kodak slide-projector. The aim of the study was to differentiate autonomic and EEG responses associated with the same negative valence emotions elicited by KAPS and IAPS stimulation and to identify the influence of cultural relevance on physiological reactivity. The analysis of obtained results revealed significant differences in physiological responsiveness to emotionally negative valence slides from KAPS and IAPS. The typical response profile for all emotions elicited by the KAPS included HR acceleration (except surprise), and increase of electrodermal activity, slow and fast alpha blocking and fast beta power increase in EEG, which was not associated with significant asymmetry (except fast alpha in sadness). Stimulation with the IAPS evoked HR deceleration, specific electrodermal responses with relatively high tonic electrodermal activation, alpha-blocking and fast beta increase, and was accompanied also by theta power increase and marked frontal asymmetry (e.g., fast beta, theta asymmetries in sadness, fast alpha in fear). Physiological responses to fear and anger-eliciting slides from the IAPS were significantly less profound and were accompanied by autonomic and EEG changes more typical for attention rather than negative affect. Higher cardiovascular and electrodermal reactivity to fear emotion observed in the KAPS, e.g., as compared to data with the IAPS as stimuli, can be explained by cultural relevance and higher effectiveness of the KAPS in producing certain emotions such as fear in Koreans.