• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.219-225
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• 2001

The basic structure for assessment of potential health risks from environmental chemicals is widely agreed upon, but many of the details of risk assessment procedures differ among practitioners. Government regulatory agencies typically have guidelines or standard procedures for their risk assessments, established to ensure consistency and comparability, to set standards for adequacy, and to embody underlying tenets. In setting and updating such guidelines, each agency takes into account not only the prevailing thinking about appropriate procedures, but also its own goals and responsibilities and the precedents it has set for itself in past analyses. This results in variations in methods, and consequently in characterization of risks, among regulatory assessments, even when they are based on the same data. As a result, adopting existing assessments from a variety of regulatory bodies needs to be done with caution. This paper examines some of the variants in risk assessment approaches among American federal regulatory agencies and relates them to the variations in regulatory responsibilities of those groups. Comparisons to international practices are also drawn. The impact on development of world-wide risk standards is discussed.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.24-31
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop the model of course evaluation design for CEA(Course-Embedded Assessment), which is focused on course level for assessment reliability. This study was conducted by the process of model development and validation according to Richey & Klein(2007)'s model development methodology. The model of this study was comprised with the three steps of learning objectives based on course outcome, assessment design and goal achievement analysis of course, which were explained by specific design principles. Also, this model was validated by two steps, which one was on the inner validation and the other was the outer validation(Richey & Klein, 2007). Considerations for designing the model of course evaluation have been suggested and a few implications were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.809-818
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• 2005

Comprehensive environmental impact of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was evaluated with life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology based on ISO 14040. As environmental impact assessment method, Eco-indicator 95 and Eco-indicator 99 were used. The studied WWTP had a capacity of $100,000m^3/d$, and its life span of civil structure and main machinery was designed to 40 years and 20 years, respectively. As the results, more than 95% of environmental impact was produced by using electricity and chemical use in operation stage. In construction stage, temporary shoring facility was the major reason of environmental load, however, its impact was much less than those by operation utilities.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.243-250
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• 2004

Recently, concerns about health risks exposed to electromagnetic fields have been brought in the safety of electric power lines. A number of governmental and international organizations have advised to avoid the magnetic field exposure to the schools and residential areas. Some epidemiologic studies showed that electromagnetic fields should not exceed the exposure limits of 2-3mG to the people living near high-voltage transmission lines. In this study, the principles, ranges and survey methods of the assessment for powerfrequency electromagnetic fields were reviewed from the relevant research papers and documents. The ranges of electromagnetic fields were determined from 50m to 100m and have been defined according to the properties of each electric power lines and a new methodology was suggested in this study. It would be necessary to develop and improve specific assessment methods for various high-voltage transmission lines projects.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.419-427
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• 2009

Methodology and application of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for policies, plans, and programs are still new approach in Vietnam. With a support from Vietnam-Swedish Project (SEMLA) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), SEA for the Tonkin Gulf Coastal Economic Belt Development Plan was conducted in 2008. Lessons obtained from this SEA may contribute to improving methods and practicing SEAs for regional development. The main lessons summarized in this paper are: (i) close cooperation between the planning and environmental teams from the beginning phase of a master plan; (ii) SEA should focus not only on impacts to the natural environment but also on main issues of socio-economic aspects; (iii) approaches and methods used in SEA should be appropriate to properly predict the impacts at regional-levels and cumulative impacts; (iv) a good SEA study may be achieved when detailed data on the environment and socio-economy of the study area are available and have active engagement of stakeholders, including project affected sectors, ecologists, planners, policy makers, etc. This paper is useful for whom, those work in SEA in regional development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.34-45
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• 2006

Chemical toxicants are metabolically converted to numerous metabolites in the body. Toxicokinetic characteristics of metabolites could be therefore used as biomarker of exposure for human risk assessment. Biologically based dose response (BBDR) model was proposed for future direction of risk assessment. However, this area has not been developed well enough for human application. Benzo(a)pyrene (BP), for example, is a well-known environmental carcinogen and may produce more than 100 metabolites and BPDE-DNA adduct, a covalently bound form of DNA with benzo(a)pyrene diolepoxides (BPDES), has been applied to qualitatively or quantitaively estimate human exposure to BP. In addition, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticize. in the polymer industry, is one of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and has been monitored in humans using urinary or serum concentrations of DEHP or its monomer MEHP for exposure and risk assessment. However, it is difficult to estimate the actual level of toxicants using these biomarkers in humans using. This presentation will discuss a methodology of exposure and risk assessment by application of metabolic profiling kinetics.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.527-544
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• 2020

This research presents the design and numerical assessment of composite steel-concrete frame structures with welded dissipative fuses. The assessment has been carried out based on linear response spectrum, nonlinear static pushover and time history procedures. The analytical expressions which define the envelope of the nonlinear response of the dissipative fuses are first presented and calibrated against experimental results available in literature. The assessment is then carried out according to a design methodology proposed herein. Outcomes of the numerical assessment indicate that the use of welded dissipative fuses successfully limited damage within the replaceable parts. Furthermore, although structures with dissipative fuses present lower strength and, generally, lower displacement capacity, their displacement ductility and global dissipative performance are generally higher than conventional structures, especially when the structure with dissipative fuses presents a dissipative configuration adjusted to the bending moment distribution diagram calculated for the applied seismic action.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2012

The objective of this paper is to propose a method of how to perform risk assessment in the early stage of defense research and development for the acquisition of weapon systems. An advanced method for risk assessment and its associated objective functions are developed first based on the concept of systems engineering. The developed method is then applied to carry out the analysis of alternatives in the trade-off environments. As a case study, the multi-purpose training ship is considered, where it is performed using the notions of technology readiness levels, degrees of difficulty, and technology need values to facilitate design space visualization and decision maker interaction. It is noted that decision makers can benefit from our approach as an improved risk assessment method in the context of multi-criteria decision making.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

After Kyeongju earthquake occurred in September 12, 2016, the seismic safety of nuclear power plants became important issue in our country. The seismic safety of nuclear power plant against beyond design basis earthquake became very important to secure the public safety. In this paper, the current status of the seismic safety assessment methodology is reviewed and some aspects for the reliability improvement of the seismic safety assessment results are proposed. Seismic margin analysis and probabilistic seismic safety assessment have been used for the seismic safety evaluation of a nuclear power pant. The basic procedure and the related issues and proposals for the probabilistic seismic safety assessment are investigated.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.481-485
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• 2002

In these days, as the scale of our technology becomes larger and more highly advanced, the magnitude of an accident tends to be large. For this reason, in some systems whose accident may cause a large-scale and long-term catastrophe, a preliminary and quantitative safety assessment has become required before its construction. A method developed for this requirement is risk assessment. In this study, we focused on the methodology of probabilistic risk assessment, which has been developed mainly in the field of nuclear power industry, and considered the process to adopt this method to railway system in order to establish a scientific and comprehensive way of safety assessment.