• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

A study was performed to examine the effects of reclaimed-water irrigation on microorganism con-centration in ponded-water of paddy rice plots. Several treatments were used and each one was triplicated to evaluate the change of indicator microorganisms (total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms FC), and E. coli) concentrations in 2003 and 2004 growing seasons. Their concentrations increased significantly right after irrigation, but decreased about $45\%$ in 24 hours. It implies that agricultural activities such as plowing and fertilizing should be practiced one or two days after irrigation considering health-risks. Treatments with UV-disinfected water irrigation demonstrated significantly lower concentrations than others including control plots where natural surface water was irrigated. The monitoring results from actual paddy rice fields and experimental paddy plots showed that concentrations of indicator microorganisms ranged from $10^2\;to\;10^5$ MPN/100mL. A comprehensive assessment of existing agricultural practices and a thorough monitoring in the field as well as treatment-plots are recommended to make more realistic national guidelines more applicable. UV-disinfected water irrigation reduced microorganism concentrations in paddy fields down to below the concentration of conventional paddy rice culture, and is thought to be an effective and feasible measure fur agricultural reuse of secondary effluent.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs is promoting agri-environment conservation program to induce farmers to participate in agricultural environment improvement and conservation activities. However, assessment tools based on scientific evidence are needed to determine the effectiveness of the program objectively and quantitatively. Therefore, this study was performed to develop plant indicators in order to efficiently evaluate the effects of the agri-environment conservation program promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The survey was conducted in five regions (Hampyeong, Boryeong, Mungyeong, Hongseong, and Sangju) participating in the agri-eonvironment conservation program. In each region, twenty paddy fields were investigated (ten paddy fields included in the program and ten paddy fields not included in the program). A total of 231 taxa vascular plants were identified in the paddy fields that were included in the agri-environment conservation program, and a total of 177 taxa were identified in the paddy fields that were not included. The average species number occurred on each field was 55.8 taxa in the fields included in the program, and 35.0 taxa in the fields not included in the program. The difference in occurring plants between two groups was found to be more higher in perennial plants than in annual plants. We selected the six groups as indicator plants through five criteria such as perennial plants and broadly occurring species, etc. to verify the effectiveness of the agri-environment conservation program: Taraxacum spp., Ixeris spp., Viola spp., Platago spp., Calystegia spp., and rare and endagered species. There was a high positive correlation between the score calculated using these indicator plants and the total number of plants species. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that it is possible to evaluate the agro-ecological environment by using indicator plants. The selected indicator plants can be effectively used to verify the effectiveness of projects such as agri-environmental conservation programs in the future.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권spc2호
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• pp.765-776
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• 2019

본 연구는 하천복원사업의 전 과정에서 활용될 수 있는 법 제도적 지침과 기준을 제공하고 하천사업의 성과를 진단 평가할 수 있는 한국형 표준화된 하천환경 평가체계 구축과정의 일환으로서 하천생태계의 수변 및 수서환경을 대변할 수 있는 4개의 생물 분류군, 즉 식생과 조류, 그리고 저서 무척추동물과 어류의 평가지표 및 기준 등 평가체계를 구축하였다. 구체적으로 생물적 특성의 평가지표 및 기준을 정리하면, 식생의 경우 식생 다양도와 식생 복잡도, 그리고 식생 자연도 등 3가지 지수의 조합을 통한 하천 식생군집의 구조적 특성을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있도록 하였다. 저서 무척추동물과 어류, 그리고 조류의 경우도 선진 기법의 과학적 근거를 바탕으로 우리나라 하천특성에 적합하도록 생물적 자료의 평가등급 획정에 따른 정량적인 생물지수 평가법을 제안하였다. 아울러 하천환경 자연도의 한 부문인 생물적 특성의 평가를 위하여 이들 4개 생물분류군의 가중치를 적용한 종합 생물지수 및 평가등급화 방안을 제시하였으며, 이에 대한 시험하천의 적용결과에서도 생물분류군 간 비교적 일관성 있게 하천환경의 특성을 반영하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1759-1764
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• 2015

Purpose: To establish the concept of lung cancer hazard assessment theoretical models, evaluating the degree of lung cancer risk of Beijing for regional population lung cancer hazard assessment to provide a basis for technical support. Materials and Methods: ISO standards were used to classify stratified analysis for the entire population, life cycle, processes and socioeconomic management. Associated risk factors were evaluated as lung cancer hazard risk assessment first class indicators. Study design: Using the above materials, indicators were given the weight coefficients, building lung cancer risk assessment theoretical models. Regional data for Beijing were entered into the theoretical model to calculate the parameters of each indicator and evaluate the degree of local lung cancer risk. Results: Adopting the concept of lung cancer hazard assessment and theoretical models for regional populations, we established a lung cancer hazard risk assessment system, including 2 first indicators, 8 secondary indicators and 18 third indicators. All indicators were given weight coefficients and used as information sources. Score of hazard for lung cancer was 84.4 in Beijing. Conclusions: Comprehensively and systematically building a lung cancer risk assessment theoretical model for regional populations in conceivable, evaluating the degree of lung cancer risk of Beijing, providing technical support and scientific basis for interventions for prevention.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2002

국제 기구뿐만 아니라 우리나라에서도 생물 지표를 이용한 환경 모니터링에 관한 관심이 증대하고 있다. 생물 지표는 자국의 국지환경 변화에 잘 반응해야 하므로, 토착 생물지표의 개발은 생태계 복원 및 평가에서 매우 중요한 시발점이다. 환경 스트레스를 달리 받고 있는 남산과 광릉 활엽수림 지역에서 조사된 날개응애 중에서 토양 및 부엽 산도(pH)와 밀접한 관계를 보이는 종을 회귀분석을 통하여 잠재적 생물 지표종으로 선발하였다. 선발된 종은 다음과 같다; Lasiobelba remota, Ceratozetes sp. Tectocepheus velatus, Neogymnobates sp. and Oppia sp.3. 또한 군집구성 및 기능에 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 핵심종(keystone species)으로는, 남산 활엽수림지역에서는 Lohmannia coreana, Ceratozetes sp., Rostrozetes pulcherrimus, Lasiobelba remota 그리고 광릉지역에서는 Neugymnobates sp., Neogymnobates donghaksaensis, Cultroribula tridentata로 나타났다. 생물지표를 이용한 환경 모니터링의 장단점에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

Readmission which reflects capacity to manage patients and general level of medical services has been known for one of the causes of medical expenditure due to inefficient service. Compared to disease-specific readmission, hospital wide readmission (HWR) is relatively easy to understand, and has merit to get over limitation of collateral medical services assessment; therefore, a growing interest in development and usage of readmission indicator as quality of care indicator focusing on all-disease is detected. In this study, we investigate current state of risk standardized readmission rate indicator used in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, and examine the considerations when using readmission rate as quality indicator in Korea. Differences in risk-adjustment methods were showed among countries. The United States do not control race not to hide socio-demographic factors on readmission. Canada shows differentiation compared to other countries about reflecting community factors. All three-countries utilize readmission rate as monitoring quality of care rather than incentives or penalty due to the fact that readmission rate could not represent the whole quality of hospital and has a limitation at controlling socio-economic factors. Therefore, for usage readmission rate as quality indicator in Korea, preparing readmission classification standard for Korean medical environment and additional methods for acquiring information by using discharge summary is need. Moreover, continued discussion with clinical specialists is needed for obtain clinical reliability and validity.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.175-176
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• 2012

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2014

The research was carried out in order to find climate factors which determine the distribution of Neolitsea sericea, and the potential habitats (PHs) under the current climate and three climate change scenario by using species distribution models (SDMs). Four climate factors; the minimum temperature of the coldest month (TMC), the warmth index (WI), summer precipitation (PRS), and winter precipition (PRW) : were used as independent variables for the model. Three general circulation models under A1B emission scenarios were used as future climate scenarios for the 2050s (2040~2069) and 2080s (2070~2099). Highly accurate SDMs were obtained for N. sericea. The model of distribution for N. sericea constructed by SDMs showed that minimum temperature of the coldest month (TMC) is a major climate factor in determining the distribution of N. sericea. The area above the $-4.4^{\circ}C$ of TMC revealed high occurrence probability of the N. sericea. Future PHs for N. sericea were projected to increase respectively by 4 times, 6.4 times of current PHs under 2050s and 2080s. It is expected that the potential of N. sericea habitats is expanded gradually. N. sericea is applicable as indicator species for monitoring in the Korean Peninsula. N. sericea is necessary to be monitored of potential habitats.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2005

This study was carried out to construct accurate and scientific system of assessment indicators in selection of National Trust conservation areas, which was new concept of domestic environment movement and offer the raw data of new analytic method by introducing the fuzzy theory and weight for overcoming the uncertainty of ranking decision. To transform the Likert's scale granted to assessment indicators into the type of triangular fuzzy number(a, b, c), there was conversion to each minimum(a), median(b), and maximum(c) in applying membership function, and in using the center of gravity and eigenvalue, there was to decide the ranking. The rankings of converted values applied a mean importance and weight were confirmed that they were generally changed. Therefore, the ranking decision was better to accomplish objective and rational ranking decision by applying weight that was calculated in grouping of indicator than to judge the singular concept and to be useful in assessment of diverse National Trust site. In the future, because AHP, which was general method of calculating weight, was lacked, there was to understand the critical point to fix a pertinent weight, and to carry out the study applying engineering concept like fuzzy integral using $\lambda-measure$.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.440-451
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• 2008

최근 IP 기반의 멀티미디어 서비스가 증가하면서 IPTV에 대한 수요가 급증할 것으로 예상되고 있다. IPTV는 케이블을 이용하는 기존의 TV와 달리 IP 네트워크 기반의 다양한 서비스 제공이 가능하다. 그러나 IPTV 서비스 품질은 패킷 손실, 지터와 같은 네트워크 열화에 크게 영향을 받기 때문에 언제나 안정된 서비스를 보장하기가 힘들다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 영상 열화에 대하여 주관적 평가를 반영한 IPTV 서비스 품질측정 방안을 도출한다. 이를 위하여 시청자에게 인지적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 열화 항목을 선정하였으며 선정된 각 열화 항목에 대하여 측정 메트릭을 제안하였다. 각 열화 항목에 대하여 MOS(Mean Opinion Score) 기반의 주관적 평가를 수행하였으며 제안한 메트릭의 측정 결과를 주관적 평가에 사상시켜 주관적 인지 상태를 고려하는 항목별 객관적 품질측정 기준을 도출한다. 다양한 영상에 대한 실험을 통해 개발된 품질측정 메트릭이 주관적 측면을 잘 반영하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다.