• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.1153-1165
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• 1999

In various fields of information technology, it is growing up the needs about dynamic content management systems to store and manage SGML(Standard Generalized Markup language) documents in a database system. In this paper, we consider the issue of storing SGML documents that having complex hierarchical structure into a database system, and then propose a data model based on ODMG(Object Database Management Group) object model in order to store SGML documents without loss of information. Because the proposed data model reflects physical element structure and logical entity structure of SGML documents, it is able to store the SGML document in a database system at the system at the element- level granularity without any information loss. And also the proposed data model can be adapted among ODMG-compliant object database management systems. Finally, we will discuss on the implementation details of SGML repository system supports the functionality of automatic database schema creation for any DTD(Document Type Definition0, the functionality of storing the SGML document, the functionality of dynamic document assembly from stored database objects to SGML document, and the functionality of indexing and searching for database objects.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2017

This paper deals with the design and implementation of an efficient topology for cascaded multilevel inverters with reduced part counts. In the proposed design, a well-established basic unit is first developed. The series extension of this unit results in the formation of the proposed multilevel inverter. The proposed design minimizes the number of power electronic components including insulated-gate bipolar transistors and gate driver circuits, which in turn cuts down the size of the inverter assembly and reduces the operating power losses. An explicit control strategy with enhanced device efficiency is also acquired. Thus, the part count reductions enhance not only the economical merits but also the technical features of the entire system. In order to accomplish the desired operational aspects, three algorithms are considered to determine the magnitudes of the dc voltage sources effectively. The proposed topology is compared with the conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology, to reflect the merits of the presented structure. In continue, both the analytical and experimental results of a cascaded 31-level structure are analyzed. The obtained results are discussed in depth, and the exemplary performance of the proposed structure is corroborated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.179-184
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• 2005

In the present study, conceptual design of the main wing for 20 seats WIG{wing in Ground Effect) flight vehicle, which will be a high speed maritime transportation system for the next generation, was performed. The high stiffness and strength Carbon-Epoxy material was used for the major structure and the skin-spar with a foam sandwich structural type was adopted for improvement of lightness and structural stability. As a design procedure for this study, firstly the design load was estimated with maximum flight load, and then flanges of the front and the rear spar from major bending load and the skin structure and the webs of the spars were preliminarily sized using the netting rules and the rule of mixture. In order to investigate the structural safety and stability, stress analysis was performed by Finite Element Codes such as NASTRAN/PA TRAN[6] and NISA II [7]. From the stress analysis results, it was confirmed that the upper skin structure between the front spar and rear spar was very unstable for the buckling. Therefore in order to solve this problem, a middle spar and the foam sandwich structure at the upper skin and the web were added. After design modification, even thought the designed wing weight was a little bit heavier than the target wing weight, the structural safety and stability of the final design feature was confirmed. Moreover, in order to fix the wing structure at the fuselage, the insert bolt type structure with six high strength bolts was adopted for easy assembly and removal.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1755-1759
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• 2009

Surface structure and molecular orientation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed by the spontaneous adsorption of tetrahydrothiophene (THT) and thiophene (TP) on Au(111) were investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and carbon K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. STM imaging revealed that THT SAMs have a commensurate (3 ${\times}\;2\sqrt[]{3}$) structure containing structural defects in ordered domains, whereas TP SAMs are composed of randomly adsorbed domains and paired molecular row domains that can be described as an incommensurate packing structure. The NEXAFS spectroscopy study showed that the average tilt angle of the aliphatic THT ring and $\pi$-conjugated TP ring in the SAMs were calculated to be about $30^o\;and\;40^o$, respectively, from the surface normal. It was also observed that the $\pi$* transition peak in the NEXAFS spectrum of the TP SAMs is very weak, suggesting that a strong interaction between $\pi$-electrons and the Au surface arises during the self-assembly of TP molecules. In this study, we have clearly demonstrated that the surface structure and adsorption orientation of organic SAMs on Au(111) are strongly influenced by whether the cyclic ring is saturated or unsaturated.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 1992

Using the protein A-gold complex, the mvoabrillogenesis and actin localization of cultured myoblast were invastisated. In the superstructural changes of mvogenic cell during differentiation, pectoral myoblasts contained large nucleus and numerous ribosomes but no myofibrils during the first 24 hr of cultures. Mvoblast initiated to differentiate at 3-day of culture contained the primitive myofibrillar structure. At 96 hr of culture, the mvofibrillar structure showed reletively discernable Z band but pools defined A, H and M bands. The feature of sarcomeric structure showed more defined form at cultur 5 day. In the aspect of actin localization, actin wvas diffusely detected throughout the cytoplasm of myogenic cell and nucleus during the proliferating stage. At 72 hr of culture, with the appearantc oi primitive mvofibrils, gold particles were observed in surrounding of myofibrils but still presented in overall of cytoplasm, especially in the surface and lumen of endoplasmic reticulum. With the gradual increase of culture time, local distribution of actin was readily detected within cytoplasm. In the 5-day specimen of cultures, gold particles precisely indicate the sites of actin localifation within the sarcomere. These results indicate the time of onset of myofibrill appearance and the biosynthetic and incorporation pathway of actin molecules into sarcomeric structure during myofibrillogenesis. Thus, in the present study, the first mvoabrillar structure was detected at culture 3 day, and the initiation of assembly into a typical sarcmeric structure was observed at culture 5 day. It seems, however, that the course of events on myofibrillogenesis of cultured myoblasts can be changed with great dependence of culture conditions including the number and groluth rate of mononucleated mvoblasts after seeding although the fundamental process shows identical appearances.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2008

Structural Wood is developed by purpose to make efficient use of wood resources. The biggest advantage of structural wood is stable as strength is high than wood product that is used by structure in existing. Order manufacture according to design details is available. It Is used to main structure elements to large spatial structure. Structure wood kind utilizes Glulam, prefabricated wood I-joists and laminated veneer lumber(LVL) and so on. Structural Design and construction of Open-air Stage Roof Structure is described in the presented paper. Architectural roof materials is used to PVF/PFLT membrane. Column and diagonal members is used to steel members(SS400), and Cantilever beam is used to Glulam assembled with different Grade laminations(10S-28B).

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.973-978
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• 2007

Septins are a family of conserved cytoskeletal GTPase forming heteropolymeric filamentous structure in interphase cells, however, the mechanism of assembly are largely unknown. Here we described the characterization of SEPT12, sharing closest homology to SEPT3 and SEPT9. It was revealed that subcelluar localization of SEPT12 varied at interphase and mitotic phase. While SEPT12 formed filamentous structures at interphase, it was localized to the central spindle and to midbody during anaphase and cytokinesis, respectively. In addition, we found that SEPT12 can interact with SEPT6 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction was independent of the coiled coil domain of SEPT6. Further, co-expression of SEPT12 altered the filamentous structure of SEPT6 in Hela cells. Therefore, our result showed that the interaction between different septins may affect the septin filament structure.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.89.1-89.1
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• 2011

We have investigated a coronal jet near the limb on 2010 June 27 by Hinode/X-Ray Telescope (XRT), EUV Imaging Spectrograph (EIS), Solar Optical Telescope (SOT), SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and STEREO. From EUV (AIA and EIS) and soft X-ray (XRT) images we identify the erupting jet feature in cool and hot temperatures. It is noted that there was a small loop eruption in Ca II images of the SOT before the jet eruption. Using high temporal and multi wavelength AIA images, we found that the hot jet preceded its associated cool jet. The jet also shows helical-like structures during the rising period. According to the spectroscopic analysis, the jet structure changes from blue shift to red one with time, implying the helical structure of the jet. The STEREO observation, which enables us to observe this jet on the disk, shows that there was a dim loop associated with the jet. Comparing the observations from the AIA and STEREO, the dim loop corresponds to the jet structure which implies the heated loop. Considering that the structure of its associated active region seen in STEREO is similar to that in AIA observed 5 days before, we compared the jet morphology on the limb with the magnetic fields extrapolated from a HMI vector magnetogram observed on the disk. Interestingly, the comparison shows that the open field corresponds to the jet which is seen as the dim loop in STEREO. Our observations (XRT, SDO, SOT, and STEREO) are well consistent with the numerical simulation of the emerging flux reconnection model.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.74.1-74.1
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• 2014

We have investigated a supra-arcade structure associated with an M1.6 flare, which occurred on the south-east limb in the 4th of November 2010. It is ob- served in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), microwaves at 17 and 34 GHz with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), and soft X-rays of 8-20 keV with the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). Interestingly, we found exceptional properties of the supra-arcade thermal plasma from the AIA 131 A and the NoRH: 1) plasma upflows along large coronal loops and 2) enhancing microwave emission. RHESSI detected two soft X-ray sources, a broad one in the middle of supra-arcade structure and a bright one just above the flare-arcade. We estimated the number density and thermal energy for these two source regions during the decay phase of the flare. In the supra-arcade source, we found that there were increases of the thermal energy and the density at the early and the last stages, respectively. On the contrary, the density and thermal energy of the source on the top of the flare-arcade decreases throughout. The observed upflows imply that there is continuous energy supply into the supra- arcade structure from below during the decay phase of the flare. It is hard to be explained by the standard flare model in which the energy release site is located high in corona. Thus, we suggest that the potential candidate as the energy source for the hot supra-arcade structure is the flare-arcade which has exhibited a predominant emission throughout.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2006

The 5′-region of Potato virus X (PVX) RNA, which contains an AC-rich, single-stranded region and stem-loop structure 1 (SL1), affects RNA replication and assembly. Using Systemic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we demonstrate that SL1 interacts specifically with tobacco protoplast protein extracts (S100). The 36 nucleotides that correspond to the top region of SL1, which comprises stem C, loop C, stem D, and the tetra loop (TL), were randomized and bound to the S100. Remarkably, the wild-type (wt) sequence was selected in the second round, and the number of wt sequences increased as selection proceeded. All of the selected clones from the fifth round contained the wt sequence. Secondary structure predictions (mFOLD) of the recovered sequences revealed relatively stable stem-loop structures that resembled SL1, although the nucleotide sequences therein were different. Moreover, many of the clones selected in the fourth round conserved the TL and C-C mismatch, which suggests the importance of these elements in host protein binding. The SELEX clone that closely resembled the wt SL1 structure with the TL and C-C mismatch was able to replicate and cause systemic symptoms in plants, while most of the other winners replicated poorly only on inoculated leaves. The RNA replication level on protoplasts was also similarly affected. Taken together, these results indicate that the SL1 of PVX interacts with host protein(s) that play important roles related to virus replication.