• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.893-909
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to consider the interaction between surface water and groundwater in basin scale by developing TANK_GS model. The soil moisture structure of tank model with 3 tanks is improved to simulate the appropriate stream-aquifer interactions. Maximum likelihood method is applied to calibrate parameters with variance functions to deal with heteroscedasticity of residuals. The parameters of improved TANK_GS model and variance function are simultaneously estimated by Simulated Annealing method, a global optimization technique. The results of TANK-GE are compared to those of the SWMM-GE model which had been developed to consider the stream-aquifer interactions. The new TANK_GS model and SWMM-GE model are applied to Gapcheon basin, which belongs to Geum River basin. TANK_GS model showed better model performance compared to the original TANK model and characterized the relationship of stream-aquifer interactions as satisfactorily as the SWMM-GE model. The sustainable groundwater yield can be estimated for the regional water resources planning using the TANK_GS model

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.5
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• pp.1-45
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• 2007

Reserved forces of ROKA are in charge of replacement of TOE in the wartime and mission of rear area operation. But there is institutional inertia in the law and organization oriented to fill human resources rather than take mission. We need to prepare for the investment and arrangement of reserved forces as military power that would be replaced standing forces. In this portion, to reinforce reserve forces elite, First, efficient mobilization regulations and systems are suggested. I covered a maintenance of relevant mobilization ordinances which need to legislated and approved by national assembly for wartime and development of mobilization system which might lose the appropriate time for mobilization due to complicated declaration procedures and measures to overcome the panic at the initial stage of the war and organization and employment of nationwide transportation system and mobilization center. To ensure efficient resource management and mobilization of reserve forces with a number of approximately 3 million, there's a necessity of organization for integration and conciliation. To make it real, I suggested establishing and employing the mobilization center, on first phase, employ the mobilization center focusing on homeland divisions, on second phase, it is advisable to convert to national level mobilization system and develop to central mobilization center focusing on national emergency planning committee. During peacetime, in conjunction with Mobilization Cell, mobilization center can conduct resource survey and integrate and manage mobilization resources and take charge of mobilization training of subordinate units, and during wartime, in conjunction with mobilization coordination team and Cell, can ensure the execution of mobilization. Second, Future oriented reserve forces management system such as service system of reserve forces and support system of homeland defense operations. Current service and trainings of reserve forces by the year have very low connection, as it is very complex to manage the resources and trainings, and service and training lack the equity, re-establishment of service system is required. Also in an aspect of CSS and cultivation support for reserve forces, as the scope and limitation of responsibility between the armed forces and autonomous organization is obscure, conditions to conduct actual-fighting exercises are limited. Concentrated budgetting is extremely difficult because reserve forces training fields are scattered nationwide, and facilities and equipments are rapidly getting older. To improve all these, I suggest the organization of homeland defense battalion with a unit of "City-Gun-District" and supporting the local reserve forces. Conduct unit replacement or personal replacement for those who have finished their 1 or 2 years and homeland defense operation duty for those with 3-5 years for consistency and simplification. Third, I suggest Future oriented Reserved Training(FRT) and Training Center oriented training management to establish a reliable reserve training. Reserves carry out expansion of unit, conventional combat mission, homeland defense and logistics support during wartime, and actual-fighting exercise, and disaster relief, peace keeping activities. Despite diverse activities and roles, their training condition still stays definitely poor. For these reasons, Modernization of weapons and facilities through gradual replacement and procurement is essential to enhance mobilization support system.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.477-492
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• 2003

The purposes of the study were to establish HACCP-based standards and guidelines for conducting a plan review to build, or renovate, hospital food service establishments, and ensure the safety of foodservice and reduce the risk of food borne illness. The scope of the study included suggestion for the planning of hospital foodservice facilities: layout, design, equipment and modeling. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The development of a foodservice facility plan based on the results of a survey, literature reviews and the results of interviews with foodservice managers from 9 general hospitals. This was composed of operational policies in foodservices, layout characteristics, space allocation, selection, design, specification standards for equipment and the construction principles of foodservice facilities. 2) Two foodservice facility models were developed, one for general hospitals with 900 beds (2,000 patients and 2,500 employee meals per day) and the other for general hospitals with 300 beds (600 patients and 650 employees meals per day). 3) The suggested kitchen space requirements for the foodservice facility models were 341.2 ㎡ (W 17,100mm x L 23,700mm) and 998.8㎡ (W 35,600mm x L 32,800mm) for the 300 and 900 beds hospitals, respectively, with both designs being rectangular. The space requirements for the equipment, in relation to the total operational area, in terms of ratios were 1:3.5 and 1:3.8 for the 300 and 900 beds hospitals, respectively. The recommended space allowances per bed for the developed foodservice facility models were 1.15 ㎡ and 1.11 ㎡ for the 300 and 900 beds hospitals, respectively, which were increased by more than 30% compared to those suggested in the precedent study, and considered appropriate for the implementation of the HACCP system. 4) The hospital foodservice facilities plans and models were developed based on the general sanitation standards, guidelines and the HACCP system, and included foodservice facility layout, product flow, physical separation between contaminated and sanitary areas, foodservice facility specifications with a 1/300 scale for a 300 bed, and a 1/400 scale for a 900 beds blueprint. 5) The main features of the developed foodservice facility plans and models were; physical separation between contaminated and sanitary areas to prevent cross contamination, product flow in one direction from the arrival of the raw material to the finished product, and separation of different work areas and the process of receiving & preparation of products, refrigeration & storage, cooking, assembly, cleaning & disinfection, employee areas and janitorial facilities. The proposed models from this study were presented as examples for those wanting to build, or renovate, their facility for the production of foods.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.181-195
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• 2018

On December 12, 2015, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, in which several developed and developing countries all committed to participating in the reduction of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. South Korea has submitted an intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) proposal with a target to cut down 37% greenhouse gas business as usual (BAU) until 2030 in preparation for the 2030 GHG BAU. Under the post-2020 regime, which will be launched from 2021 as the agreement entered into force early, it is expected that efforts to support GHG reduction and adaptation to climate change in developing countries will be accelerated with the utilization of technologies and financial resources of developed countries. South Korea has established the Basic Plan for Climate Change Response and the Basic National Roadmap for Greenhouse Gas Reductions by 2030 to promote the response to climate change at the government level. The Ministry of Science and ICT, as the National Designated Entity designated by the UNFCCC, has come up with middle and long-term strategies for climate technology cooperation. South-Korea has an abundance of energy-consuming industries to support its export-oriented industrial structure; it is thus expected that achieving the GHG reduction target will incur a considerable cost. Moreover, in order to meet the reduction target (11.3%) of the intended nationally determined contribution proposed by South Korea, it is necessary for South Korea to actively promote projects that can achieve GHG reduction achievements, and financial resources are needed as leverage to reduce risks that can occur in the early stages of projects and attract private sector investment. This paper summarizes the theoretical discussions on climate finance and conducted a comparative analysis on the status of the funds related to climate change response in the UK, Germany, Japan and Denmark. Through this, we proposed the legal and policy tasks that should be carried forward to raise public funds that can be used for creation of new industries related to climate change as well as to reduce GHG emissions in South Korea. The Climate Change Countermeasures Act, which has been proposed by the National Assembly of South-Korea, stipulates the establishment of funds but there is no additional funding except for general account. In this regard, it is also possible to take measures such as the introduction of carbon tax or the collection and use of royalties through technology research and development projects for climate change, such as Industrial Technology Innovation Promotion Act. In addition, since funds are used in various fields such as domestic greenhouse gas reduction, technology development, and overseas projects, it is necessary to establish a system in which various ministries cooperate with the operation of the fund.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.468-476
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• 2019

This paper presents the means of improving the strength of LTV's FRP structure for resolve and prevent quality problems. LTV secures enough kerb weight by applying FRP materials at hood and rear van assembly. However, because of FRP's inherent limitations, many initial quality problems such as crack at connections have occurred. Moreover, hood assy' is concerned about fall of endurance, because hood assy' have operated in abnormal condition. Therefore, this study executes lamination structure optimizations of FRP structure for improving bending strength. As a results, hood and rear van's bending strength at connections is improved 8.1 times and 1.5 times, respectively. Also hood assy's plate secures endurance life and improve 1.7 times of critical load about abnormal operating conditions through 1.4 times improvement of bending strength.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.30-42
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• 2022

OSC is a type of supply chain and value chain that spans the entire process of construction production (planning, design, construction, maintenance, etc.). It is a method of producing the final object by manufacturing it in a factory, transporting it to the site, installing and construction. This research as is the construction cost was compared for each case A, which applied the PC method, and case B, which applied the RC method. In the case of applying the PC method (excluding the PC design cost), compared to the case where only the RC method was applied, the frame construction cost per unit quantity (m³) increased by about 70% (50% based on the total RC construction type). Of the total frame construction cost of PC method application, PC accounted for 90.2%, 'PC manufacturing cost' 54.8%, 'PC assembly cost' 28.5%, and 'transportation cost' accounted for 6.89%. Also a decision-making framework that can consider both costs and benefits was established. In the case of benefits, the construction period, defect repair, disaster occurrence, energy efficiency, noise/dust/waste, and greenhouse gas emission indicators reflecting OSC technical advantages were presented. It can contribute to providing a basis for helping decision-making on the introduction of PC apartment houses using OSC.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.24-36
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• 2023

OSC is drawing attention to supplement limitations such as productivity problems and on-site safety and quality problems of existing on-site labor-oriented construction production methods. In order to activate the introduction and use of OSC in the domestic construction market, it is important to innovate the technology applied to each stage of OSC process (design and engineering, factory manufacturing, site assembly, and maintenance), but it is also necessary to develop a project management method suitable for OSC method. However, research related to OSC currently being conducted in Korea is mainly in terms of related technology development, and research on deriving project management measures for the success of OSC projects is insufficient. Therefore, it is time for research on deriving a project management plan based on the core success factors of the OSC project. Therefore, by conducting importance-performance analysis on 69 OSC critical success factors derived from the previous study, the study was conducted to derive key improvement factors for OSC introduction and utilization improvement and to provide implications for this. The results of this study are expected to have useful implications for the R&D planning and policy-making process for OSC activation in the future.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-157
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• 1996

Recently, international convention competition has greatly expanded with the globalization and expand of world economy. As the conventions market has grown, so have the number of places and facilities of convention competing for business, and numerous trade show and the related meetings held the several cities toward world city such as the United States, Europeans Countries, Japan, and Singapore. Convention, in general, are defined as an assembly, often periodical, of members or delegates, as a political, social, professional or religious group. Convention center means the place that hold several social, political, economic conferences and meetings, trade show, exhibitions, and events. Convention center are consisted the several facilities such as meeting room, exhibition hall, event hall. Historically, meetings, conventions, and trade show have been serviced primarily by hotel and convention centers. With the expand of world trade and flow in recent, the conventions, expositions, and meetings industry (CEMI), however, is one of the most rapidly growing industries in hospitality and tourism, and CEMI provides import effect on regional economy and regional development including regional tourism industry. This study focuses on the establishment strategies and location analysis of convention center as a agent for regional development in a case of Yosu Peninsular Area (YPA). YPA is one of the major industrial area of our country, and displays the rapid regional urbanization and social change with the construction such as Kwangyang container port facilities, Yulchon industrial complex, and the extension planning of industrial estate related to Kwangyang Iron and Steel Company, and population size of this area will be reached about two million peoples in 2011. This area, particularly, will be functioned as a major container & export port of our country after the completion of Kwangyang container port facilities in 1988. If the planned industrial estate is constructed, the convention center for conference exhibition, information exchange, and resort facilities for exhibition, international communication will be needed. In addition, resort and leisure facilities for conventions' participants need. This area, therefore, has to make the establishment of convention center for regional development in future. Thus, the major strategies and idea for establishment of convention center as follows: first, this area has requirements for resort convention center, because this area will be functioned as a major export port and industrial district in 21 century; second, in the location analysis of convention center site, Sinwol & Woongchon district, Soho district, and Yongju & Hodu district are selected as developing possible sites; third, the convention center of this area has to consist of two functions such as convention facilities and marine resort facilities; fourth, in order to establish convention center, the selection of main group, financial raising strategies, and the organization of propulsion committee for establishment of convention center are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.12
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• pp.39-86
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• 1985

The main purpose of the present study is to survey the major iudexing bulletins of national nature in Korea, to define such problem areas as lacunae, duplicates and limitation in coverage in the indexing services currently available in Korea, and to make some suggestions for action for improving the existing indexing services in the light of general principles and the tradition and constraints unique to Korea. The major findings and conclusions reached at this study are summarised as follows: (A) A new indexing bulletin of general nature covering the entire field needs to be created in each of the following fields without an established indexing service available for the outcome of research and development activities in Korea. (1) Philosophy (2) Religion (3) Pure sciences (4) Art (5) Language (6) Literature (7) History (B) A new specialised indexing bulletin needs to be created in each of the following fields where indexing services are heavily utilised but no, or only partial, indexing service is available. (1) Social sciences (a) Statistics (b) Sociology (c) Folklore (d) Military science (2) Pure sciences (a) Mathematics (b) Physics (c) Chemistry (d) Astronomy (e) Geology (f) Mineralogy (g) Life sciences (h) Botany (i) Zoology (3) Applied sciences (a) Medicine (b) Agriculture (c) Civil engineering (d) Architectural engineering (e) Mechanical engineering (f) Electrical engineering (g) Chemical engineering (h) Domestic science (C) Publication of the indexing bulletins suggested in A and B above may be ideally carried on by a qualified and dependable learned society established in the respective fields and designated by the Minister of Education, and should be financially supported from the public fund under the provisions of Art. 27 of the Scientific Research Promotion Act of 1979. (D) The coverage and contents of the four indexing bulletins in the field of banking and financing published by the Library of the Bank of Korea are similar and considerably duplicated. It is, therefore, suggested that the four indexing bulletins are combined in one to form a more comprehensive and efficient bibliographical tool in the field and it is further developed into a general guide to the literature produced in the entire field of economics in Korea by gradually expanding its subject coverage. (E) For the similar reasons stated in D, the Index to the Articles on North Korea and the Catalogue of Theses on North Korea, both publisheds by the Ministry of Unification Library, are suggested to make into one. The Index to the Articles of the Selected North Korean Journals and the Index to the Articles of the North Korean Journals in Microfilm Housed in the Ministry of Unification Library, both published by the same Library, are also suggested to be combined in one. (F) The contents of the Catalogue of the Reports Submitted by Government Officials Who Have Travelled Abroad, published by the National Archives are included in the Index to the Information Materials Related to Government Administration, published by the National Archives. The publication of the former is hardly justified. (G) The contents of the Index to Legal Literature published by the Seoul National University Libraries and those of the Law Section of the Index to Scholastic Works published by the National Central Library are nearly identical. One of the two indexes should cease to be published. (H) Though five indexes are being published in the field of political science and four in the field of public administration, their subject coverage is limited. Naturally, these indexes are little usable to many other researchers in the two fields. A comprehensive index covering all the specialised areas in each field needs to be developed on one or all the existing indexes. (I) It is suggested that the Catalogue of the Scholastic Works on Curricula published by the National Central Library expands its subject coverage to become a more usable and effective index to all the researchers in the field of education. (J) The bimonthly Index to Periodical Articles and the specialised index by subject series published by the National Assembly Library, and the Index to Scholastic Works published by the National Central Library are expected to increase their coverage and frequency of publication to be used more effectively and more efficiently by all users in all fields till the indexing bulletins suggested in this study will fully be available in Korea.